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Sökning: WAKA:ref > Lissner Lauren 1956

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41.
  • Berg, Christina, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Food patterns and cardiovascular disease risk factors: the Swedish INTERGENE research program.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 88:2, s. 289-97
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Analyzing the impact of the intake of many foods simultaneously provides additional knowledge about analyses of nutrients and might make it easier to implement recommendations for the public. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine food patterns in a Swedish population and determine how they are related to metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: The study is based on data from the INTERGENE population study of women and men aged 25-74 y in western Sweden. Dietary patterns were identified with cluster analysis of 93 food frequencies reported by 3452 participants. Associations with features of the metabolic syndrome, including blood lipids, blood pressure, and anthropometric measures, were analyzed. RESULTS: Five distinct food patterns were identified, of which one was interpreted as a "healthy" reference pattern. This healthy cluster was distinguished by more frequent consumption of high-fiber and low-fat foods and lower consumption of products rich in fat and sugar. The 4 other clusters differed significantly from the reference cluster with respect to prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and the metabolic syndrome. For example, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly higher in a cluster characterized by high consumption of energy-dense drinks and white bread and low consumption of fruit and vegetables (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to distinguish food patterns that are related to obesity and obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk factors in contrast with a more healthy pattern conforming with current dietary guidelines. Thus, the results indicate no reason for questioning the current recommendations.
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42.
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44.
  • Berg, Christina, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Normal weight adiposity in a Swedish population: how well is cardiovascular risk associated with excess body fat captured by BMI?
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Obesity Science & Practice. - : Wiley. - 2055-2238. ; 1:1, s. 50-58
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective The aim of this study was to examine how well body mass index (BMI) reflects cardiovascular risk associated with excess adiposity in a Swedish population by examining the association between body fat, BMI and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods A total of 3,010 adults participated. Normal weight adiposity was defined as the combination of BMI<25 kg/m2 and percentage body fat ≥35% for women and ≥25% for men. Associations with blood pressure, blood lipids, apolipoproteins and C-reactive protein were analysed in age-adjusted regression models. Results The majority of the individuals with overweight and obesity were correctly classified to adiposity, while a wide range of body fat was observed among the normal weight subjects. In total, 9% of the participants were categorised as normal weight with adiposity. Compared with the normal weight leanness group, participants with normal weight adiposity had higher levels of serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, apolipoptotein B and the apolipoprotein B/A-I ratio. In normal weight men, adiposity was also associated with higher blood pressure and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions Higher percentage of body fat was associated with less favourable risk factor profile even in subjects who were normal weight. Thus, it might be relevant to screen for metabolic risk factors in the upper end of the normal weight category.
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45.
  • Berg, Christina, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Perceptions and reasons for choice of fat- and fibre-containing foods by Swedish schoolchildren
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Appetite. ; 40, s. 61-67
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Department of Home Economics, Göteborg University, Box 122 04, SE 402 42, Göteborg, Sweden. christina.berg@ped.gu.se This study investigated schoolchildren's breakfast choices focusing on their reported usual intake and perceptions of fat-reduced or fibre-enriched alternatives. A total of 184 eleven- to fifteen-year-old were asked to participate, and 181 completed the study. Using pictures of food items, the children were instructed to reproduce their usual breakfast, and then breakfasts that would be: healthy, tasty, consumed by their parents, or approved by their parents. Participants' usual breakfast included breads and breakfast cereals containing a higher fibre content than that of the breakfast reported as most palatable. Their usual breakfast also contained products with less fibre than was the case for their healthy or perceived parental norm breakfasts. This may be interpreted as evidence that high-fibre bread and breakfast cereals are perceived as healthy but that consumption of these products is limited by palatability. In contrast to the ambivalence towards cereal products, corresponding disagreements between breakfasts were not observed for milk, and only a small systematic disagreement was observed for spread. Thus, the majority consumed the kind of milk and spread perceived as being healthy, tasty and parentally sanctioned despite the fact that full-fat products were frequently consumed. In conclusion, the results suggest that taste may be a barrier to consumption of high-fibre products, while consumption of low-fat products appears to be impeded by health beliefs. PMID: 12631506 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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46.
  • Berg, Christina, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Relation between breakfast food choices and knowledge of dietary fat and fiber among Swedish schoolchildren.
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. - 1054-139X. ; 31:2, s. 199-207
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: To investigate dietary knowledge and beliefs of schoolchildren, in relationship to breakfast choices, with specific attention to fat and fiber content. METHODS: Food choice and perceptions were studied by interviews using the "stacking box methodology". Youth (n = 181) aged 11-15 years were instructed to select food items among photographs of breakfast foods. In addition to choosing their own typical breakfasts, they were asked to exchange foods in hypothetical breakfasts to create meals with less fat and more fiber. The interview also dealt with recent changes in breakfast habits, and perceptions of healthy breakfasts, dietary fat, and foods rich in fiber. Data were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Knowledge concerning sources and health attributes of dietary fiber was associated with usual consumption of bread and breakfast cereals rich in fiber. In a similar way, a positive attitude toward limited fat intake predicted consumption of reduced-fat milk products. However, no association was observed between food choices and knowledge of a food-packaging symbol indicating low-fat and fiber-enriched foods. CONCLUSION: Lack of awareness of, and knowledge about, healthy eating may be important barriers to the development of health promoting food habits by schoolchildren.
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47.
  • Berg, Christina, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Sources of bias in a dietary survey of children.
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: European journal of clinical nutrition. - 0954-3007. ; 52:9, s. 663-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To compare non-responders and responders to a dietary survey with respect to demographic variables and intention to choose selected breakfast foods, and to examine if there was any systematic change in number of food items reported during a 7 d recording period. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Mölndal, Sweden. SUBJECTS: All pupils in 5th, 7th and 9th grades in the municipality were asked to complete a questionnaire during school hours. All those present (n = 1584, 92% of total) answered questions about lifestyle factors and about intentions, attitudes and beliefs concerning high-fibre bread and milk with varying fat content. All subjects in the initial sample were asked to fill in a 7 d record of food consumed. Acceptable food records were completed by 69% of the initial participants. RESULTS: Subjects not completing the food record differed significantly from participants with respect to demographic, lifestyle and dietary factors. Dropout was more common among those who reported not usually eating breakfast and among those intending to drink whole milk for breakfast. A decline in reported food items during the recording period was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Two sources of bias were observed here, one indicating significant differences between non-participants and participants, the other suggesting the presence of a time-dependent trend in number of recorded foods. It is likely such biases are present in other dietary surveys involving schoolchildren, and should be taken into consideration in the design, analysis and interpretation of such studies.
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48.
  • Berg, Christina, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Trends in blood lipid levels, blood pressure, alcohol and smoking habits from 1985 to 2002: results from INTERGENE and GOT-MONICA.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation : official journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology. - 1741-8267. ; 12:2, s. 115-25
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Favourable trends in cardiovascular disease have been observed in Sweden. The aim of this study was to study secular trends in a variety of cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Total-, low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) serum cholesterol; serum triglycerides; systolic and diastolic blood pressure; self-reported smoking and alcohol consumption were studied in repeated cross-sectional surveys. Data from four population-based samples in Goteborg, Sweden were used-WHO MONICA project 1985, 1990 and 1995, and INTERGENE 2002. A total of 2931 females and 2691 males aged 25-64 consisting of 1021-1624 randomly selected subjects at each survey period participated. RESULTS: Serum cholesterol levels showed downward trends but the decline in both total- and LDL-cholesterol seems to be levelling off from 1995 and onwards. No significant changes were observed in serum triglyceride, HDL-serum cholesterol or blood pressure levels. The majority of the participants had higher total- and LDL-serum cholesterol levels than currently recommended. Antihypertensive medical treatment increased in women and the oldest men. The prevalence of smoking decreased from 39 to 25% in women and 35 to 20% in men respectively from 1985-2002. In contrast, the prevalence of subjects consuming strong beer and wine, respectively, at least once a week almost doubled from 1990-2002. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular risk factor patterns change continuously and need to be monitored. The favourable trends in LDL-serum cholesterol and smoking in the Goteborg surveys were paralleled by less favourable trends in being overweight and alcohol consumption.
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49.
  • Berg, Christina, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Trends in overweight and obesity from 1985 to 2002 in Göteborg, West Sweden.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: International journal of obesity (2005). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 29:8, s. 916-24
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To study secular trends in overweight and selected correlates in men and women in Göteborg, Sweden. DESIGN: Cross-sequential population-based surveys. SUBJECTS: A total of 2931 female and 2691 male subjects aged 25-64 y participated in WHO MONICA surveys (1985, 1990, 1995) and the INTERGENE study (2002). MEASUREMENTS: Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), prevalence of overweight (BMI> or =25 kg/m(2)), and obesity (BMI> or =30 kg/m(2)). RESULTS: Mean body weight increased by 3.3 kg for women and 5 kg for men, with a significant upward trend for BMI in men but not women over the 17-y observation period. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased significantly in both sexes over the period. The largest increase was observed in men, and in women aged 25-34 y. In 2002, the prevalence of overweight was 38% in women and 58% in men, and the prevalence of obesity was 11% in women and 15% in men. No significant secular trends were observed for WHR, but there was an upward trend in prevalence of WHR>0.85 in women. A decreased prevalence of smoking in both sexes was observed together with an increase in reported leisure time physical activity. No significant secular trends were observed in rates of self-reported diabetes, although the risk of diabetes attributable to obesity was 24%. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that 25-64-y-olds in the recent survey were more overweight and obese than earlier studied MONICA participants. The increase in BMI was more pronounced in men while abdominal obesity increased principally in women. Although obesity and overweight are clearly important risk factors for type 2 diabetes, the number of diabetics remains low and any secular increase is not yet apparent.
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50.
  • Bergdahl, Ingvar A., et al. (författare)
  • Mercury in serum predicts low risk of death and myocardial infarction in Gothenburg women.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 86:1, s. 71-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract Purpose Markers of mercury (Hg) exposure have shown both positive and negative associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed the association between serum Hg (S–Hg) and risk of cardiovascular disease in a prospective population-based cohort, with attention to the roles of dental health and Wsh consumption. Methods Total mortality, as well as morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke, was followed up for 32 years in 1,391 women (initially age 38–60), in relation to S–Hg at baseline, using Cox regression models. Potential confounders (age, socioeconomic status, serum lipids, alcohol consumption, dental health, smoking, hypertension, waist-hip ratio, and diabetes) and other covariates (e.g., Wsh consumption) were also considered. Results Hazard ratios (HR) adjusted only for age showed strong inverse associations between baseline S–Hg and total mortality [highest quartile: hazard ratio (HR) 0.76; 95% conWdence interval (CI) 0.59–0.97], incident AMI (HR 0.56; CI 0.34–0.93), and fatal AMI (HR 0.31; CI 0.15–0.66). Adjustment for potential confounding factors, especially dental health, had a strong impact on the risk estimates, and after adjustment, only the reduced risk of fatal AMI remained statistically signiWcant. Conclusions There was a strong inverse association between Hg exposure and CVD. Likely, reasons are confounding with good dental health (also correlated with the number of amalgam Wllings in these age groups) and/or Wsh consumption. The results suggest potential eVects of dental health and/or Wsh consumption on CVD that deserve attention in preventive medicine.
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