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- Berglund, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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A lysimeter study on the effect of temperature on CO2 emission from cultivated peat soils
- 2010
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Ingår i: Geoderma. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7061 .- 1872-6259. ; 154:3-4, s. 211-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A lysimeter method was evaluated for its suitability in gas emission studies by studying the effect of temperature on CO2 emissions (dark respiration) from cultivated peat soils. The study was carried out with organic soils from two locations in Sweden, a typical cultivated fen peat with low pH and high organic matter content (Örke) and a more uncommon fen peat with high pH and low organic matter content (Majnegården). A drilling method with minimal soil disturbance was used to collect 12 undisturbed soil lysimeters per site. CO2 emission was measured weekly from the vegetated lysimeters and the results were compared with data from incubation experiments. The CO2 emissions measured in the lysimeter experiment were in the same range as those in other studies and showed a similar increase with temperature as in the incubation experiment. With climatic and drainage conditions being similar in the lysimeter experiment, differences in daytime CO2 emission rates between soils (483 mg ± 6.9 CO2 m− 2 h− 1 from the Örke soil and 360 ± 7.5 mg CO2 m− 2 h− 1 from the Majnegården soil) were presumably due to soil quality differences. Q10 values of 2.1 and 3.0 were determined in the lysimeter experiment and of 1.9 to 4.5 in the incubation experiment for Örke and Majnegården respectively. CO2 emission data fitted well to a semi-empirical equation relating CO2 emissions to air temperature. The lysimeter method proved to be well suited for CO2 emission studies.
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- Götmark, Frank, 1955
(författare)
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Skötsel av skogar med höga naturvärden – en kunskapsöversikt. Fri utveckling, traditionell hävd och naturvårdsgallring – tre skötselalternativ för sydsvenska skogar : Management alternatives for temperate forests with high conservation values in south Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. - 0039-646X. ; 104:Supplement 1, s. S1-S88
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skötsel av skogar med höga naturvärden – en kunskapsöversikt. [Management alternatives for temperate forests with high conservation values in south Sweden.] The management of reserves and other forests with high biodiversity values is debated. Focusing on south Sweden (Fig. 1), I review non- or minimal intervention (”free” succession), traditional management (e.g. grazing, pollarding) and careful partial cutting (conservation thinning, stands with >75% canopy closure). The alternatives are based on 1) ecology and 2) cultural/aesthetical nature conservation, that may be mixed and form value judgements. For about 20 years, ecologists have emphasized the importance of natural disturbances for management (e.g. fire, windstorms, extreme temperatures). In Sweden, the role of succession tends to be overlooked, especially the long-term perspective required to produce old-growth, old trees of long-lived species (>500 years), and high dead wood volumes. In the European lowland, there are extremely few woods that have not been cut for 300 years or more. I suggest minimal intervention should be used for at least 50% of the area of forests with high biodiversity values. Traditional use, including fire that has a strong cultural component, complements minimal intervention in creating habitat diversity, if grazing effects are controlled. Deciduous broadleaved trees, valuable for conservation in our conifer-dominated production forests, have increased (Swedish National Forest Inventory, NFI; Fig. 5). Secondary succession in semi-natural stands have led to denser forests, and conservation thinning (CI) is tested in 25 such stands (references in Table 4). Overall, compared to control areas, CI has positive short-term effects on biodiversity of seven organism groups. I used NFI data from 2003–2007 to analyse broadleaf-rich forest types of three height classes. Tall forests dominated. Closed canopy stands (all height classes) formed about 500 000 ha. Part of this area may be subjected to conservation thinning (and minimal intervention/traditional use). Only 1.4–6% of the broadleaf-rich forest types were protected as nature reserves or national parks 2003–2007. In addition, green forestry plans are used by private and other forest owners to set aside or manage identified conservation stands. The forest company Sveaskog establishes Ecoparks, with various forms of management, and also minimal intervention. No coordinated planning for management of the conservation forests exists in Sweden. We lack data on the actions of forest owners, and need to study the effects of the different forms of management on biodiversity and on cultural/aesthetical aspects.
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- Klemedtsson, Åsa Kasimir, 1956
(författare)
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Global allians mot växthusgaser
- 2010
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Ingår i: Miljöforskning - Formas tidning för ett hållbart samhälle. - 1650-4925. ; :Nr 4, s. 22-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tre forskare har utsetts att representera Sverige i en Global Research Allliance, GRA som Miljöforskning skrev om i förra numret. Där ska forskare världen runt försöka mota jordbrukets växande växthusgaser. Och bland annat nå resultat på en svår beräkning: matproduktion upp - växthusgaser ned.
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- Linderholm, Hans W., 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Dendroclimatology in Fennoscandia – from past accomplishments to future potential
- 2010
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 6, s. 93-114.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fennoscandia has a strong tradition in dendrochronology, and its large tracts of boreal forest make the region well suited for the development of tree-ring chronologies that extend back several thousands of years. Two of the world’s longest continuous (most tree-ring chronologies are annually resolved) tree-ring width chronologies are found in northern Fennoscandia, with records from Tornetr¨ask and Finnish Lapland covering the last ca. 7500 yr. In addition, several chronologies between coastal Norway and the interior of Finland extend back several centuries. Tree-ring data from Fennoscandia have provided important information on regional climate variability during the mid to late Holocene and have played major roles in the reconstruction of hemispheric and global temperatures. Tree-ring data from the region have also been used to reconstruct large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, regional precipitation and drought. Such information is imperative when trying to reach better understanding of natural climate change and variability and its forcing mechanisms, and placing recent climate change within a long-term context.
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- Saltzman, Katarina, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Do cows belong in nature? The cultural basis of agriculture in Sweden and Australia
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0743-0167. ; 27:1, s. 54-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the now extensive recent literature on cultures of nature, agriculture has received less attention than might have been expected given its threshold role in transforming human relations with the earth and with plants and animals. The concept and practice of agriculture can be understood as central to the emergence and maintenance of the culture/nature dichotomy within Western thought and practice. In this paper we use the comparative cases of Sweden and Australia to examine the differential and contingent positioning of agriculture with respect to that which is understood as nature. Broadly speaking, some parts of agriculture are understood to belong to nature in Sweden through a long history. This is not the case in Australia, where the short agricultural history is positioned in contrast to nature. This affects the way in which biodiversity and environmental protection takes place – in Sweden as part of farming, – in Australia in spite of it. We argue that these cultural differences have been more important than generally recognised in debates over multifunctional agriculture. We discuss the environmental management implications of the two different models in a context made more dynamic by climate change.
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