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- Clemens, Franziska, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting false intent by strategic use of evidence
- 2010
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Ingår i: 20th Conference of the European Association of Psychology and Law, 15-18 juni 2010, Göteborg.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown the potential of late disclosure of evidence as a deception detection tool, since this manner of interviewing produces reliable differences between liars and truth tellers in terms of statement-evidence inconsistency. This study examined whether these results could be replicated in the detection of false intent. Participants (N = 120) were randomly allocated to one of two veracity conditions (truth tellers vs. liars) and instructed to either plan a mock-criminal or a non-criminal act. The participants were made to believe that they would carry out their planned actions. In addition to planning their criminal act, the liars were encouraged to prepare a cover story to use in case they were intercepted. All participants were intercepted before they could accomplish their mission and subsequently interrogated. During the interrogations evidence (web browser history, fingerprints, eyewitness) speaking to the suspects’ guilt was disclosed either early or late. We hypothesized that the late disclosure condition would elicit significantly more cues to deception than the early disclosure condition. The results, as well as the practical implications, of this study will be discussed.
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| 3. |
- Clemens, Franziska, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Skulking around the dinosaur: Eliciting cues to children’s deception via strategic disclosure of evidence.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. ; 24, s. 925-940
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has shown that cues to deception are more salient as an effect of strategic use of evidence (SUE) during interviews. This study examined the feasibility of the SUE-technique for eliciting cues to children's deception. Experiment 1 investigated verbal cues to deception as a function of early vs. late disclosure of evidence. Eighty-four children (12–14 years) either guilty or innocent of a mock crime were interviewed. As predicted, deceptive statements were significantly more inconsistent with the evidence than truthful statements, and this was more pronounced as a function of late compared to early disclosure of evidence. In Experiment 2, adult observers (N = 168) made veracity assessments of the videotaped statements. Observers in the late disclosure condition achieved an accuracy rate higher than chance (63.1%), whereas accuracy rates in the early disclosure condition were at chance level (56%). Accuracy rates were significantly higher for truthful (70.2%), than deceptive statements (48.8%).
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Forensic Psychology in context: Nordic and international perspectives
- 2010
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The book has several key concerns. Foremost amongst them is to explore the particular characteristics of the Nordic legal systems in the light of both local and international research in forensic psychology. Other sections in the book then go on to focus more specifically on investigative psychology and at the use of forensic psychology in the court. The volume reflects the results of research in the Nordic countries themselves, but each chapter is at the same time concerned to situate its subject within a broader comparative and international context.
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| 5. |
- Goodman-Delahunty, Jane, et al.
(författare)
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Insightful or wishful: Lawyers’ ability to predict case outcomes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Psychology, Public Policy and Law. ; 16, s. 133-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lawyers’ litigation forecasts play an integral role in the justice system. In the course of litigation, lawyers constantly make strategic decisions and/or advise their clients based on their perceptions and predictions of case outcomes. The study investigated the realism in predictions by a sample of attorneys (n=481) across the USA who specified a minimum goal to achieve in a case set for trial. They estimated their chances of meeting this goal by providing a confidence estimate. After the cases were resolved, case outcomes were compared with the predictions. Overall, lawyers were overconfident in their predictions, and calibration did not increase with years of legal experience. Female lawyers were slightly better calibrated than their male counterparts, and showed evidence of less overconfidence. In an attempt to reduce overconfidence, some lawyers were asked to generate reasons why they might not achieve their stated goals. This manipulation did not improve calibration.
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| 6. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964
(författare)
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Deception detection: discriminating between true and false intentions
- 2010
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Ingår i: Program for 9th International Conference of the International Academy for Investigative Psychology (London, January, 2010).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today there is a large body of literature on deception detection, and virtually all this research is on lie-catchers’ ability to discriminate between truthful and deceptive statements about past actions, or liars’ and truth-tellers’ verbal/non-verbal behaviour when talking about past actions. This is remarkable considering the frequency and importance of situations calling for assessments of whether a person is lying or telling the truth about his or her intentions (e.g., stated reasons for crossing a boarder or entering a stadium). In brief, the societal value of an increased accuracy in detecting criminal intent (i.e., illegal actions planned, but not yet committed) can hardly be overstated. In this talk I will describe some theoretical notions that might be of assistance when studying true and false intentions (e.g. episodic future thought). I will also try to illuminate some of the trademarks of forming true intentions and false intentions. In addition, I will give a brief presentation of three recent empirical studies, focusing on different aspects of true and false intentions.
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| 7. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964
(författare)
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Forensic psychology in a Nordic context
- 2010
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Ingår i: Forensic psychology in context: Nordic and international perspectives. - Cullompton, Devon, UK : Willan Publishing. - 9781843928270 ; , s. 3-13
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter introduces the 17 chapters that are included in the full volume (structure, content and contributors). In addition, it provides a brief historical note on legal psychology in the Nodric region, and acknowledges the current situation in terms of research.
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| 8. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964
(författare)
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Interviewing strategically to detect deception: New findings and future directions
- 2010
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Ingår i: Keynote address at the scientific meeting "Kochenov Reading: Psychology & Law in Contemporary Russia", Moscow State University, October 14-16, 2010.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this lecture I first gave a background to psycho-legal research on deception and its detection. I then moved on to talk about different ways to interview in order to elicit cues to deception. Particular focus was paid to the Strategic Use of Evidence (SUE) technique. The theoretical platform of the technique was reviewed, as well as its tactical dimension and its application. The lecture was closed by acknowledging a few future challenges.
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| 9. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Interviewing to detect deception
- 2010
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Ingår i: Forensic psychology in context: Nordic and international approaches. - Collumpton, Devon, U.K. : Willan Publishing. - 9781843928270 ; , s. 75-93
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this chapter we focus on different aspects of police officers' deception detection. We review research examing police officers' beliefs on cues to deception, and follow this up by a summary on what is known on police officers' ability to detect deception. We argue that the so-called information-gathering interviewing technique is a better technique for detecting deception than the more traditional confrontational techniques. We also highlight three new and promising extentions of the information gathering approach.
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| 10. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964
(författare)
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Interviewing to elicit cues to deception
- 2010
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Ingår i: Keynote delivered at 'International forensic day' at University of Leicester "New ways of gathering information from witnesses and suspects" Friday 17th, september, 2010.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This lecture will depart from the paradigmatic way of doing research on deception detection (i.e., having participants passively trying to detect what is not there), and then move on to acknowledge a new wave of research examining ways to interview to detect deception (i.e., actively elicit diagnostic cues to deception and truth). In this part, a number of different approaches will be discussed, with a main focus on ‘evidence-based’ methods (and particularly so the so-called Strategic Use of Evidence technique (SUE)). It will be argued that basic psychological theory has much to offer with respect to understanding suspects’ counter-interrogation tactics, and that this knowledge, in turn, can be used to interview in ways which may increase deception detection accuracy.
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