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| 12. |
- Hyötyläinen, Tuulia, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Cord serum metabolic signatures of future progression to immune-mediated diseases
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Cell Press. - 2589-0042. ; 26:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous prospective studies suggest that progression to autoimmune diseases is preceded by metabolic dysregulation, but it is not clear which metabolic changes are disease-specific and which are common across multiple immune-mediated diseases. Here we investigated metabolic profiles in cord serum in a general population cohort (All Babies In Southeast Sweden; ABIS), comprising infants who progressed to one or more immune-mediated diseases later in life: type 1 diabetes (n = 12), celiac disease (n = 28), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n = 9), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 7), and hypothyroidism (n = 6); and matched controls (n = 270). We observed elevated levels of multiple triacylglycerols (TGs) an alteration in several gut microbiota related metabolites in the autoimmune groups. The most distinct differences were observed in those infants who later developed HT. The specific similarities observed in metabolic profiles across autoimmune diseases suggest that they share specific common metabolic phenotypes at birth that contrast with those of healthy controls.
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| 13. |
- Seidl, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Personality and Cognitive Functions in Violent Offenders – Implications of Character Maturity? : Personality and Cognition in Offenders
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © Copyright © 2020 Seidl, Nilsson, Hofvander, Billstedt and Wallinius. Previous research has suggested that personality and cognitive functions are essential in the emergence of persistent aggressive antisocial behaviors and that character maturity could be an important protective factor against these behaviors. The aims of this study were (1) to determine associations between personality traits, intellectual ability, and executive function in young male violent offenders, and (2) to investigate differences in intellectual ability and executive function between groups of violent offenders with low, medium, and high character maturity. A cohort of 148 male violent offenders (18–25 years of age) participated in this study. The Temperament and Character Inventory was used as a self-report measure of personality traits, and cognitive functions were measured with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Intellectual ability was negatively correlated to the temperament dimension Harm Avoidance and the character dimension Self-Transcendence, and positively correlated to the character dimensions Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness and the temperament dimension Novelty Seeking. Visual sustained attention correlated positively to the temperament dimension Persistence and negatively to the temperament dimension Harm Avoidance. Spatial working memory correlated negatively to the character dimension Cooperativeness. Character maturity, however, did not affect intellectual and executive functions to a statistically significant degree. Our findings indicate that offender personality characteristics such as optimism, responsibility, empathy, curiosity, and industry that would seem more favorable to positive intervention outcomes are related to better cognitive functioning. Possible implications are that interventions in offender populations could be more effective if tailored to participants’ personality dimensions and cognitive proficiencies, rather than offered as “one size fits all.”.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Orekhova, Elena V, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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EEG theta rhythm in infants and preschool children.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1388-2457. ; 117:5, s. 1047-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study behavioral correlates of theta oscillations in infants and preschool children. METHODS: EEG was recorded during baseline (visual attention) and two test conditions--exploration of toys and attention to 'social' stimulation. Age specific frequency boundaries of theta and mu rhythms were assessed using narrow bin analysis of EEG spectra. RESULTS: Theta spectral power increased whereas mu power decreased under test conditions in both age groups. In preschoolers theta rhythm increased predominantly over anterior regions during exploratory behavior and over posterior regions during attention to social stimulation. Theta frequency range changed with age from 3.6 to 5.6 Hz in infants to 4-8 Hz in children, and mu range from 6.4-8.4 Hz to 8.4-10.4 Hz. CONCLUSIONS: In early life, theta oscillations are strongly related to behavioral states with substantial attentional and emotional load. The scalp distribution of theta spectral power depends on age and behavioral condition and may reflect engagement of different brain networks in control of behavior. SIGNIFICANCE: The findings contribute to the scanty knowledge about the developmental course of theta rhythm. Data on behavioral correlates of theta rhythm in early life may improve our understanding of cognitive and mental processes in healthy and neuropsychiatrically diseased children.
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| 19. |
- Cronehed, Johan
(författare)
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Vetenskapsteori: Om vetenskapsteoretisk debatt och vetenskapligt praktiserande
- 2009
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vetenskapen likt andra verksamhetsområden existerar i växelspel med det omgivande samhället, i sitt historiska, sociala och psykologiska sammanhang. Något som även omfattar ekonomiska, politiska och kunskapsmässigt sammansatta grundvalar. På detta fundament vilar analysen i denna bok som förmedlar flera olika aspekter avseende vetenskapligt debatterande och vetenskapligt praktiserande. Boken ger ingångar till fortsatt analys inom ämnesområdet vetenskapsteori. This book has a summary in English. Este libro tiende un resúmen en español
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| 20. |
- Dahlqvist, Ralf, 1973-
(författare)
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Speciation and fractionation of Ca and the REE in fresh and marine waters
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study is concerned with speciation and fractionation of the rare earth elements (REE) and calcium (Ca) in aqueous solutions. The aim is to investigate the chemical states and physical sizes in which these elements can be present. The REE (including neodymium) and Ca have contrasting geochemical behavior in aqueous solutions. Ca is a major dissolved element, while the REE are trace components and highly reactive with aquatic particles.The major interests of the five papers included in this thesis are the following:· Papers I and V deal with the behavior of neodymium (Nd) and its isotopes in the Kalix River and some marine waters.· The diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) method is developed for measuring Ca and Mg in Paper II.· Paper III presents a speciation and fractionation study of Ca in the Kalix and Amazonian rivers.· The rare earth elements and their carrier phases are investigated in the Kalix river in Paper IV.For most elements a detailed study of speciation and fractionation can not be performed using only one method. This is due to the overall heterogeneity of the material, considering both size and chemical composition, which is present in aquatic solutions. During this project the aquatic geochemistry of the REE and Ca has been studied using mainly three methods; cross-flow filtration (CFF), field-flow fractionation (FFF) and diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT). Field work has to a large part been conducted in the Kalix River, in northern Sweden, which is one of the last pristine river systems in Europe. Some field work has also been conducted in the Baltic Sea and the Arctic Ocean. Results from Amazonian rivers are also presented.These are the main conclusions from this work:The DGT technique works equally well for measuring Ca and Mg in natural waters as previously reported for trace metal.A significant colloidal phase for Ca could be detected in the Kalix River and in different Amazonian rivers. This was concluded independently using both CFF and FFF.Variations in REE signatures in the Kalix River suggests two different pathways for the REE during weathering and release form soil profiles and transport in the river.No significant variation in Nd-isotopic composition could be detected in the Kalix River although concentrations varied by a factor of ~10. This suggests that there is one major source for Nd in the river although different pathways for the REE may exist.A study of Nd in the Kalix River, the Baltic Sea and the Arctic Ocean showed that the isotopic compositions in the diffusible fractions were similar to water samples. However, the relative amount of diffusible Nd increased with salinity, probably reflecting the lower concentration of colloidal and particulate material in marine waters.
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