| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Bohlinger, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Conclusion : The contested field of working and learning
- 2015
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Ingår i: Working and learning in times of uncertainty. - Rotterdam : Sense Publishers. - 9789463002424 - 9789463002431 - 9789463002448 ; , s. 223-232
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 43. |
- Bohman, Anna, 1975-
(författare)
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Framing the water and sanitation challenge : A history of urban water supply and sanitation in Ghana 1909 - 2005
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis analyses the development of urban water supply and sanitation services in Ghana from 1909 to 2005. Special focus is put on institutional arrangements with regard to networked, large scale and centrally managed water and sewerage services. The national and international historical context is highlighted as a way to understand policy redirections in the sector. Further on, the concept of frames is used as an analytical tool in order to put light on the assumptions, arguments and reasons behind institutional reforms. The thesis finds that it was not until the water and sanitation challenge was framed from a productivity perspective, as opposed to a pure humanitarian “health frame”, that funds were released for investments in WSS infrastructure. To begin with, development strategies were largely focussed on “filling the gaps” in terms of manpower, technical and financial resources. As the water challenge was increasingly framed as a matter of managing scarcity, a new thinking gradually emerged which emphasized entrepreneurship, business mindedness and management skills as a way to achieve more efficiency within the sector. This development was also paralleled by a shift in the favoured organisational structure from an extremely centralised state utility model to a gradual focus on decentralisation and unbundling of the sector. Here a strong focus was put on private sector participation in urban water supply whereas the non-commercially viable task of sewerage development was decentralised to local authorities. The study finds that formal institutional change in the sector has been largely donor driven. However, the privatisation element of the recent urban water sector reform did not go unquestioned and a strong opposition movement concerned with the possible negative effects of privatisation was formed. Eventually the initial lease arrangement was transformed into a management contract where its signing was brought to closure in 2005. Besides changing frames strong elements of continuity in the urban water supply and sanitation sector development in Ghana are identified. Historical evidence demonstrate that urban water delivery was a highly political issue in Ghana already during colonial times which, just as today, was closely connected to the framing of water as independence and national integrity. The issue of finance and pricing has remained a constant concern and so the debate cannot be categorized as a novel issue that solely emanates from neo-liberal political trends during the 1980’s and 1990’s. The thesis argues that a legacy of a colonial frame tends to continue normalising inequalities in access and consumption. Continuity can also be found in a neglect of the issue of sanitation which persistently lags behind the development of water distribution. The dissertation concludes that the perceived space for policy alternatives in Ghanaian WSS sector development has been largely constrained by the historical context and contemporary development theories. Therefore, to constantly strive towards a frame reflective policy dialogue is strongly encouraged as a way for policy planners and decision makers to make well informed decisions for the future.
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| 44. |
- Bohman, Anna, 1975-
(författare)
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Framing the Water Challenge : Multilateral donor policies for water supply and sanitation 1960-2005
- 2006
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Opinions on what is best way to provide more people in low income countries with adequate water and sanitation services have changed over time. A recent policy paradigm suggests that private companies should be involved in WSS service provision to improve the situation for those in need. This study looks at how issues of water supply and sanitation (WSS) have been confronted by the international donor community and how strategies to improve performance in this sector have changed from the early 1970’s up until today. The evolution of ideas and strategies are linked to overall development policies in order to better understand the forces that have shaped policy redirections in the sector. In addition, the case study of Ghana gives a preliminary picture of how donor policies have been played out in a national context. The concept of problem frames is used as an analytical tool in order to highlight how ideas change and replace each other but also to illustrate how problem frames are becoming more inclusive as new knowledge and experiences are gained. The study finds that while hardware knowledge such as engineering skills were put at the forefront to begin with, software matters such as capacity building and appropriate management of the sector gained increased attention with time. As the water challenge becomes increasingly framed as a matter of managing scarcity, the economic value of water is emphasized and private sector participation is promoted on a larger scale. With time the cross sectoral nature of the WSS issue gains increased attention as its overall impact on poverty reduction and environmental sustainability is emphasized. This holistic approach also contributes to an increased emphasis on sanitation as important to sustainable WSS systems and services. The case study of Ghana shows that all in all, institutional change within the Ghanaian WSS sector during the post independence era, mirror international policy trends. Power is moving out from the state in different directions and responsibilities are gradually hived off from the central organization to local authorities or other agencies working on specific issues. Subsidies on water tariffs are abolished and at the end of the period the private sector is also invited to act in the sector. However, recent trends indicate that as democracy deepens and civil society is growing stronger this also effects policy development in the Ghanaian WSS sector.
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| 45. |
- Borg, Kajsa
(författare)
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Slöjdämnet : intryck, uttryck, avtryck
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to illuminate and question the school subject Sloyd from the perspective of the former pupils, now adult persons The empirical investigations cover interviews with subject teachers and adult, focusing their memories of the Sloyd subject in the compulsory school. The analysis shows that the impression of the qualities of the subject is connected to the pupil's personal and bodily experience of the work process in textile, wood or metal material. The creative work generates feelings of pleasure and fulfilment, which seems to correspond to basic needs, ahich most people recognize. The Sloyd subject can be characterized by four aspects: the manual, the aestethic, the communicative and the theoretical.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Brodin, Gert, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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On the parametric decay of waves in magnetized plasmas
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Plasma Physics. - Cambridge UK : Cambridge University Press. - 0022-3778 .- 1469-7807. ; 75, s. 9-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We reconsider the theory for three-wave interactions in cold plasmas. In particular, we demonstrate that previously overlooked formulations of the general theory are highly useful when deriving concrete expressions for specific cases. We also pointout that many previous results deduced directly from the basic plasma equations contain inappropriate approximations leading to unphysical results. Finally, generalizations to more elaborate plasma models containing, for example, kinetic effects are given.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Drewes, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Formal Models of Graph Transformation in Natural Language Processing
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dagstuhl Reports. - : Schloss Dagstuhl--Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik. - 2192-5283. ; 5:3, s. 143-161
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In natural language processing (NLP) there is an increasing interest in formal models for processing graphs rather than more restricted structures such as strings or trees. Such models of graph transformation have previously been studied and applied in various other areas of computer science, including formal language theory, term rewriting, theory and implementation of programming languages, concurrent processes, and software engineering. However, few researchers from NLP are familiar with this work, and at the same time, few researchers from the theory of graph transformation are aware of the specific desiderata, possibilities and challenges that one faces when applying the theory of graph transformation to NLP problems. The Dagstuhl Seminar 15122 “Formal Models of Graph Transformation in Natural Language Processing” brought researchers from the two areas together. It initiated an interdisciplinary exchange about existing work, open problems, and interesting applications.
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| 50. |
- Edvinsson, Sören, et al.
(författare)
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Urban mortality in Sweden during the 19th century
- 2000
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Ingår i: Population Dynamics during Industrialization. - Umeå : Umeå universitet. - 9171914218 ; , s. 39-81
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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