| 501. |
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| 502. |
- Koponen, AM, et al.
(författare)
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Job involvement of primary healthcare employees: does a service provision model play a role?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 38:3, s. 266-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate whether the development of job involvement of primary healthcare (PHC) employees in Southern Municipality (SM), where PHC services were outsourced to an independent non-profit organisation, differed from that in the three comparison municipalities (M1, M2, M3) with municipal service providers. Also, the associations of job involvement with factors describing the psychosocial work environment were investigated. Methods: A panel mail survey 2000—02 in Finland (n=369, response rates 73% and 60%). The data were analysed by descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression analysis. Results: Despite the favourable development in the psychosocial work environment, job involvement decreased most in SM, which faced the biggest organisational changes. Job involvement decreased also in M3, where the psychosocial work environment deteriorated most. Job involvement in 2002 was best predicted by high baseline level of interactional justice and work control, positive change in interactional justice, and higher age. Also other factors, such as organisational stability, seemed to play a role; after controlling for the effect of the psychosocial work characteristics, job involvement was higher in M3 than in SM. Conclusion: Outsourcing of PHC services may decrease job involvement at least during the first years. A particular service provision model is better than the others only if it is superior in providing a favourable and stable psychosocial work environment.
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| 503. |
- Korlin, J, et al.
(författare)
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Sickness absence among women and men in the police: a systematic literature review
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 37:3, s. 310-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of the present study was to carry out a systematic literature review of all scientific studies on sickness absence among women and men in the police in order to obtain a knowledge base for the introduction of relevant preventive actions against the high sick-leave rates among police women in Sweden. Methods: Publications with data on sickness absence in the police published in peer-reviewed scientific journals in English, Danish, Norwegian or Swedish were systematically searched for in literature databases and reference lists. Identified publications were assessed for relevance. A set procedure was used to extract information from each study included. Results: The majority of the 21 included articles were from the USA or Europe. Most studies were published from 1990 and onwards. Sick-leave measures used in the different studies varied considerably. Four studies presented overall data on sickness absence by gender: three found higher rates among female officers than among male officers, and one found similar rates. Results also varied for more specific aspects. Conclusions: The research on sickness absence in the police is very scarce, especially concerning gender differences. The sick-leave measures used were too inconsistent or vaguely described to allow comparisons between studies. There was a tendency for higher sickness absence among women police; however, there is an obvious need for more studies in this area.
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| 504. |
- Krachler, Benno, et al.
(författare)
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Population-wide changes in reported lifestyle are associated with redistribution of adipose tissue.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 37:5, s. 545-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The Northern Sweden MONICA project 1986—2004 demonstrated a marked increase in average body mass, an unchanged prevalence of diabetes, and a decrease in myocardial infarctions and lately also in stroke. This study estimates the relative importance of time-trends in lifestyle on average waist and hip circumference on a population level. Methods: From a series of independent cross-sectional surveys, a study population of 2,831 men and 2,976 women was formed. Associations between lifestyle factors and waist and hip circumference were estimated. Partial regression coefficients for every level of the lifestyle factors were multiplied by the differences in the proportion of the population reporting the corresponding levels of the respective lifestyle factors in 1986 and 2004. The sum of the product terms for each item represents the respective estimated impact of change in waist and hip circumference. Results: Lifestyle trends associated with changes in hip circumference were (women/men): higher education level (+4.0 mm/+2.4 mm), fewer smokers (+0.4 mm/+0.9 mm), a slight increase in alcohol consumption (+0.4 mm/+0.3 mm), and more saturated fat from meat in women (-0.9 mm) and more fibre from grains in men (+0.6 mm). Average waist circumference was influenced by increased levels of physical activity (-2.2 mm/-4.6 mm), fewer female smokers (-0.3 mm), and a higher intake of saturated fatty acids from meat among men (+1.8 mm). Conclusions: We identified physical activity and the intake of meat and whole-grain products as prime candidates for lifestyle interventions in northern Sweden.
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| 505. |
- Krantz, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Workload, work stress, and sickness absence in Swedish male and female white-collar employees
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948. ; 34:3, s. 238-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study aimed to analyse, in a homogeneous population of highly educated men and women, gender differences in self‐reported sickness absence as related to paid and unpaid work and combinations of these (double exposure), as well as to perceived work stress and work–home conflict, i.e. conflict between demands from the home and work environment. Methods: A total of 743 women and 596 men, full‐time working white‐collar employees randomly selected from the general Swedish population aged 32–58, were assessed by a Swedish total workload instrument. The influence of conditions in paid and unpaid work and combinations of these on self‐reported sickness absence was investigated by multivariate regression analyses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess differences between men and women. Results: Overtime was associated with lower sickness absence, not only for men but also for women, and a double‐exposure situation did not increase the risk of sick leave. Contrary to what is normally seen, conflict between demands did not emerge as a risk factor for sickness absence for women, but for men. Conclusions: Our assumption that sickness absence patterns would be more similar for white‐collar men and women than for the general population was not confirmed. However, the women working most hours were also the least sick‐listed and assumed less responsibility for household chores. These women were mainly in top‐level positions and therefore we conclude that men and women in these high‐level positions seem to share household burdens more evenly, but they can also afford to employ someone to assist in the household.
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| 506. |
- Krantz, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Ethics and vaccination.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scand J Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 32:3, s. 172-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 507. |
- Krantz, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Screening for postpartum depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) : An ethical analysis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - London : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 36:2, s. 211-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To assess the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a self-administered questionnaire created to screen for symptoms of postpartum depression in the community, from an epidemiological and ethical perspective. Screening, as the practice of investigating apparently healthy individuals to detect unrecognised disease or its precursors, has interpretation problems and is complicated by deliberations on probabilities for something to occur, on which the scientific community is unanimous. Methods: Our ethical analysis is made using a framework with two different dimensions, the ethical principles autonomy and beneficence and the affected persons. To balance the ethical costs and the ethical benefits of EPDS an analogy with the assessment of pharmaceutics is used. Results: In this article we argue that routine EPDS screening of Swedish postpartum women would lead to considerable ethical problems due to the weak scientific foundation of the screening instrument. Despite a multitude of published studies, the side-effects in terms of misclassifications have not been considered carefully. The EPDS does not function very well as a routine screening instrument. The dualism created is too reductive and fails to recognize the plurality of difference that exists in the social word. Conclusions: Public health authorities should not advocate screening of unproved value. Screening is not just a medical issue but also an ethical one.
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| 508. |
- Krettek, Alexandra, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic School of Public Health NHV and its legacy in global health
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 43, s. 36-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the legacy of the Nordic School of Public Health NHV (NHV) in global health. We delineate how this field developed at NHV and describe selected research and research training endeavours with examples from Vietnam and Nepal as well as long-term teaching collaborations such as BRIMHEALTH (Baltic RIM Partnership for Public HEALTH) in the Baltic countries and Arkhangelsk International School of Public Health in Russia.
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| 509. |
- Kristenson, Margareta, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for coronary heart disease in different socioeconomic groups of Lithuania and Sweden - The LiVicordia study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 29:2, s. 140-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Lithuanian middle-aged men have a fourfold higher risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality compared with Swedish men. In Sweden, CHD mortality is twice as high in blue- compared with white-collar workers. Whether the same risk factors that characterized Lithuanian men, compared with Swedish men, could be found in low socioeconomic groups within the cities was investigated. Methods: The LiVicordia study compared both traditional and new possible risk factors for CHD among 150 50-year-old men in Link÷ping, Sweden and Vilnius, Lithuania. A comparison was made of the prevalence of these risk factors in high and low socioeconomic groups within the cities and, after controlling for the city, variations across socioeconomic groups in the total sample. Results: Small differences were found in traditional risk factors between cities. However, Vilnius men were shorter, had lower serum levels of antioxidant vitamins, more psychosocial strain, and lower cortisol response to a standardized laboratory stress test. These characteristics were also found among men in low social classes in both cities. In linear regression models, short stature, low serum ▀-carotene, low social integration, coping and self-esteem, high vital exhaustion, high baseline and low cortisol response to stress were related to low social class. Conclusions: The same set of risk factors, mainly relating to oxidative and psychosocial stress, that characterized Vilnius men was also found in men in low social classes within the cities. The results suggest that a common set of risk factors may help to explain health differences both between and within countries. ⌐ Taylor & Francis 2001.
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| 510. |
- Kristenson, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic differences in outpatient healthcare utilisation are mainly seen for musculoskeletal problems in groups with poor self-rated health
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 39:8, s. 805-812
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To assess whether there are socioeconomic (SES) differences in outpatient visits within groups of comparable morbidity (medical disease and self-rated health) and whether psychosocial factors can explain these differences. Methods: Baseline data for SES, presence of disease, self-rated health (SRH), and psychosocial factors were collected during 2003-04 from 923 men and women aged 45-69 years in southeast Sweden. Outcome data were all registered outpatient healthcare visits to physicians during 2004-08. Cumulative incidences and standardised rate ratios (SSR) were calculated for strata of comparable morbidity for all visits, for visits due to cardiovascular disorders (CVD)/diabetes and for musculoskeletal problems. Results: Low SES was associated with more outpatient visits due to musculoskeletal problems (SRR for education 1.52, 95% CI 1.35-1.73; for occupation 1.40, 95% CI 1.26-1.56) and accentuated in groups with poor SRH. The SES effect was significant for visits to primary care and to hospitals, for men and women, and independent of present disease, SRH, and psychosocial factors. Low SES was significantly associated with more total outpatient visits at primary healthcare centres. In contrast, for outpatient visits due to CVD/diabetes, high SES was related to more visits to hospitals among people with good SRH at baseline. Conclusions: We found a consistent pattern for outpatient visits related to musculoskeletal problems where people with low SES counted more visits and this was most prominent in groups of poor SRH. The results demonstrate the need to apply different morbidity measures when studying inequalities in healthcare utilisation.
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