| 1. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Practising Peer Review in Organizations: a Qualifier for Knowledge Dissemination and Legitimization
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Information Technology. - London : SAGE Publications. ; 16:2, s. 99-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key issue in many organizations is how to disseminate information in an effective way and, more importantly, how to make use of this information in order to create new knowledge. One way of addressing this problem is to focus on how information is socially transformed into knowledge. This includes how knowledge is handled in practice and how the knowledge produced is qualiŽ ed as being something worth knowing and acting upon. Two well-established practices for doing this are the refereeing system and the peer review process. These are used in scientiŽ c communities as a means of validating and legitimating knowledge, for example by reviewing journal papers before publishing or project proposals before granting funds, etc. This paper argues that peer review is a useful concept when looking at knowledge creation and legitimization in organizations. The social meaning of peer review is to legitimize new knowledge by organizationally sanctioning it and thereby creating a platform for collective sense making. This paper uses an example from a Ž eld study in a pharmaceutical company in order to illustrate this argument. The study took place in a quality support department where the quality of health care products and processes was assessed. The organization had a need for fast and reliable updating of information that could in uence how the production process of pharmaceuticals should be carried out. In order to cope with these problems the department established an ‘evaluation loop’, which shared several characteristics with the peer review process.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-
(författare)
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Effects of practice and intellectual growth on performance on the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT)
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - Washington : American psychological Association. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 20:3, s. 192-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study is to examine effects of repeated test taking over several sessions on the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT). Self-selection effects on test performance due to background variables that must be taken into consideration are also investigated. All test repeaters with two and three test scores from three cohorts are included in the study. By using different regression models a distinction can be made between the effects of practice as a function of test-taking experience, and the effects of growth as a function of time. The results show self-selection effects due to age and grades, such that students with higher grades tend to be younger when taking the first test. Furthermore, this phenomenon tends to be more accentuated with repeated test takings. It is also shown that there are score gains as a function of practice at the first testing session, and that there are also effects of growth on the SweSAT performance. The magnitude of score gains associated with growth is equal over the two intervals measured, but different between the three cohorts. There are reasons to assume that effects of schooling may explain these differences. An additional explanation may be that the younger students have a greater potential for growth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
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| 4. |
- Gellerstedt, Martin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Interpretation of subjective symptoms in double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges - interobserver reliability
- 2004
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 59, s. 354-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Subjective symptoms after food challenges are difficult to interpret and no standard is available. We discuss a strategy for how to interpret a diary. Furthermore, the interobserver reliability is evaluated. METHODS: Diaries for 32 patients with subjective symptoms were used. The diaries were re-evaluated with a predefined strategy by three independent observers. RESULTS: The proportion of positives was 21.9% among the old diagnoses, according to the new approach 34.4% (observers I and II) and 37.5% (observer III) were positive. The new approach had high interobserver reliability (97 and 100%). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of positives depends on how subjective symptoms are interpreted. Interpretations of subjective symptoms in diaries could be made with high interobserver reliability.
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| 5. |
- Gråsjö, Urban, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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A Monte Carlo Simulation Study of Tobit Models
- 2001
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Ingår i: Applied Economics Letters. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1350-4851 .- 1466-4291. ; 8:9, s. 581-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on a comparison of diOEerent kinds of Tobit models. According to the ® ndings, a simple Tobit I method can produce results that are similar to and in some cases better than much more sophisticated methods. This is especially true if the participation or index equation is incorrectly speci® ed.
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| 6. |
- Magnusson, J, et al.
(författare)
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A kinetic study in adults with food hypersensitivity assessed as eosinophil activation in fecal samples
- 2003
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 33:8, s. 1052-1059.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Immune-mediated food hypersensitivity affecting the gut is difficult to evaluate, and objective tools to diagnose local gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory reactions are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether allergic manifestations in adults with a history of food-related GI symptoms could be assessed in feces during symptomatic and non-symptomatic periods, using the surrogate markers, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). METHODS: Thirteen subjects with food hypersensitivity-related GI symptoms, confirmed by a positive double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC), were subjected to an open kinetic food challenge design for 6 weeks. Symptoms were recorded and scored during the 3-week study period and stool samples were obtained every day. The surrogate markers ECP, EPX and MPO were measured in the supernatants from feces samples. RESULTS: A significant increase in abdominal pain, distension and flatulence was observed during challenge, with a gradual decrease during elimination diet. Both between days and subjects, EPX levels were more frequently increased compared to ECP and MPO. Individuals with a history of a short duration of symptoms had significantly higher mean levels of EPX and MPO than those with a longer duration of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: An overall increase in levels of eosinophil markers, in particular EPX, was observed in feces from patients with food-related GI symptoms. However, rather than being a tool to differentiate symptomatic from non-symptomatic periods, EPX might be used for detecting an ongoing clinical or subclinical chronic inflammation, that may have an impact on the patient's clinical course of GI symptoms.
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| 7. |
- Olsson, Malin Broberg, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Depression in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disability
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. - : Wiley. - 0964-2633 .- 1365-2788. ; 45:Pt 6, s. 535-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parental depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in 216 families with children with autism and/or intellectual disability (ID), and in 214 control families. Mothers with children with autism had higher depression scores (mean = 11.8) than mothers of children with ID without autism (mean = 9.2), who in turn, had higher depression scores than fathers of children with autism (mean = 6.2), fathers of children with ID without autism (mean = 5.0), and control mothers (mean = 5.0) and fathers (mean = 4.1). Forty-five per cent of mothers with children with ID without autism and 50% of mothers with children with autism had elevated depression scores (BDI > 9), compared to 15-21% in the other groups. Single mothers of children with disabilities were found to be more vulnerable to severe depression than mothers living with a partner.
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| 8. |
- Olsson, Malin Broberg, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of coherence in parents of children with different developmental disabilities
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. - : Wiley. - 0964-2633 .- 1365-2788. ; 46:Pt 7, s. 548-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to test if Antonovsky's theory of sense of coherence can facilitate understanding: (1). individual differences in psychological adaptation in parents of children with intellectual disability (ID); and (2). why parents of children with ID generally experience higher levels of stress and depression than parents of children who develop normally. METHODS: Sense of coherence (SoC) and depression were assessed using the short SoC scale (13 items) and the Beck Depression Inventory in 216 families of children with ID and/or autism, and in 213 control families. RESULTS: It is argued that: (1). parents of children with ID with low SoC are at increased risk for developing depression compared to control parents with low SoC not experiencing this stressor; and (2). the life situation of parenting a child with ID may have a negative impact on parents' SoC levels that, in turn, will make them more vulnerable to experiencing stress and depression. CONCLUSION: The SoC theory is valuable in understanding individual differences in psychological adaptation in parents of children with ID.
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| 9. |
- Rystedt, Hans, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing simulation technologies in nurse education : a nursing practice perspective.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nurse education in practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5223 .- 1471-5953. ; 1:3, s. 134-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computer simulations have been widely used for training purposes and proliferate in nursing and medicine. To take account of the multifaceted nature of nursing, a participatory design approach was applied in which nursing practice was utilized as a point of departure for exploring the educational value of the new technologies. In an empirical study, nurses with different degrees of experience were interviewed about those tasks within nursing that they perceived as difficult to learn, and how simulation technologies might contribute to learning the management of these. Six aspects of expertise emerged:judging the patient's health status; monitoring care interventions; prioritizing and carrying out interventions efficiently; communicating with patients and their relatives; cooperating with other members of the staff; and managing complexity. Most aspects include dynamic and complex features, and simulations were judged to be useful for capturing these and, subsequently, for training. Other aspects, such as focusing on human interaction, were assessed to be less prolific. Compared to traditio nal teaching media, the dynamic featuresof simulations were judged to be most useful. Training with simulations was regarded as complementary to other forms of instruction, and the curricular integration of simulations decisive in determining their cont ribution to learning in nurse education.
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| 10. |
- Sorbring, Emma, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Children's beliefs about the importance of gender in transgression situations
- 2004
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Ingår i: CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT. - : Wiley. - 0305-1862 .- 1365-2214. ; 30:1, s. 39-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective In previous research, several variables are shown to have an impact on children's perception of gender. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between discipline methods and the child's beliefs about the importance of gender in transgression situations. Methods In this study, variables such as type of siblings, socioeconomic status, child's sex, parental values and shared responsibility are controlled for. Two hundred and five 8-year-old children in Sweden were interviewed about discipline methods in five transgression situations and their parents were asked to fill in a battery of questions. Results The results show that harsher discipline methods, such as behaviour modification, physical restraint and physical punishment, relate to stronger beliefs about the importance of gender in transgression situations.
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