| 1. |
- Fistarol, G. O., et al.
(författare)
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Allelopathy in Alexandrium spp.: effect on a natural plankton community and on algal monocultures
- 2004
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Ingår i: Aquatic Microbial Ecology. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0948-3055 .- 1616-1564. ; 35:1, s. 45-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied allelopathy in the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium by testing the effect of A. tamarense on a natural plankton community from Hopavagen Bay, Trondheimsfjord, Norway, and the effect of toxic and non-toxic strains of A. tamarense and a toxic strain of A. minutum on algal monocultures. Also, a possible relation between the allelopathic effect and the production of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) toxin was investigated. A. tamarense affected the whole phytoplankton community by decreasing the growth rate and changing the community structure (relative abundance of each species, dominant species). A negative effect of A. tamarense was also observed on ciliates, but not on bacteria numbers, In the bioassay with algal monocultures, the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii and the cryptophyte Rhodomonas sp. were exposed to the filtrate of Alexandrium spp. All tested Alexandrium strains negatively affected T weissflogii and Rhodomonas sp. cultures, independent of whether PSP toxins were produced. The compounds released by Alexandrium caused lysis of natural and cultured algal cells, suggesting that the allelopathic effect may be connected with previously described ichthyotoxic and haemolytic properties of Alexandrium. Furthermore, the observation that several components of the plankton community were affected by compounds released by A. tamarense emphasizes the importance of allelopathy for the ecology of this species.
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| 2. |
- Hallgren, Hanna, 1972-
(författare)
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Karin Boye
- 2001
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Ingår i: Who´s Who in Contemporary Gay & Lesbian history. - London/New York : Routledge.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Holgersson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Some Aspects of Non-Normality Tests in Systems of Regressions Equations
- 2001
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Ingår i: Communications in statistics. Simulation and computation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0361-0918 .- 1532-4141. ; Vol 30 No 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a short background of the Jarque and McKenzie (JM) test for non-normality is given, and the small sample properties of the test is examined in view of robustness, size and power. The investigation has been performed using Monte Carlo simulations where factors like, e.g., the number of equations, nominal sizes, degrees of freedom, have been varied.Generally, the JM test has shown to have good power properties. The estimated size due to the asymptotic distribution is not very encouraging though. The slow rate of convergence to its asymptotic distribution suggests that empirical critical values should be used in small samples.In addition, the experiment shows that the properties of the JM test may be disastrous when the disturbances are autocorrelated. Moreover, the simulations show that the distribution of the regressors may also have a substantial impact on the test, and that homogenised OLS residuals should be used when testing for non-normality in small samples.
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| 4. |
- Humphrey, David, et al.
(författare)
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What does it cost to make a payment?
- 2003
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Ingår i: Review of Network Economics. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 1446-9022 .- 2194-5993. ; 2:2, s. 159-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We survey the limited data that exists concerning the cost of making/receiving a payment by banks, retailers, and other parties to a transaction. Since an electronic payment costs between one-third and onehalf that of a paper-based instrument, a country may save 1% of its GDP annually as it shifts from a fully paper-based to a fully electronic-based payment system. Some gains have already been realized. Additional analysis indicates that bank costs of making a payment may have fallen by 45% in Europe as the share of electronic transactions in 12 countries rose from .43 to .79 over 1987-1999.
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| 5. |
- Knutsson, Susanne, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Visits of children to patients being cared for in adult ICUs : policies, guidelines and recommendations
- 2004
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Ingår i: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 20:5, s. 264-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the frequency of children visiting their nearest relatives in adult ICUs or if there are any policies/guidelines or recommendations regarding these. The aims of this multi-centre descriptive study were to survey Swedish ICUs policies/guidelines or recommendations, and examine the reasons given both for and against restricting child visits; if parents/guardians sought advice in connection with such visits, and if any differences in demographic data could be ascertained. Fifty-six Lead Nurse Managers (LNM), representing as many general adult ICUs, participated by answering a questionnaire. Only one ICU had written policy/guidelines concerning child visits; most ICUs (70%) had no policies/guidelines at all. All LNMs reported that their ICU was positive to child visits, but only two actively encouraged these. Nineteen (34%) of the ICUs restricted child visits. More than 50% of the LNMs reported that only about half of their patients ever had visits from children. Seventy percent of the ICUs had no restrictions on visiting hours, but 30% imposed some form of restriction. Twenty LNMs reported that 75% of the parents/guardians of children 0-6 years old asked for advice about child visits. However, those responsible for children >12 years of age seldom asked for any advice at all.
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| 6. |
- Mårtensson, Lena, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term influences of a biopsychosocial rehabilitation programme for chronic pain patients.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Musculoskeletal care. - : Wiley. - 1478-2189 .- 1557-0681. ; 2, s. 152-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Chronic pain leads to high costs in the form of compensation for absence from work due to illness, production loss and health care utilization. Multidisciplinary treatment programmes at pain clinics can result in return to work and a decrease in doctor visits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term influences of a rehabilitation programme in primary health care for chronic pain patients with regard to doctor visits, frequency of sick-leave and level of disability. DESIGN: A longitudinal, intervention study design was used over a three-year period. METHODS: A biopsychosocial rehabilitation programme based on ego-strengthening psychotherapy was used. An occupational therapist and a physiotherapist led the intervention, which comprised two meetings per week for six weeks. The study was performed in a primary health care area in the southwest of Sweden with 54 chronic pain patients. RESULTS: The results showed a significant decrease in the number of doctor visits as well as sick-leave days. The level of absenteeism due to occupational disability changed significantly from being on sick leave to receiving a disability pension. CONCLUSIONS: The rehabilitation programme reduced patient attendance at health care facilities but did not increase the numbers of patients returning to work.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Sverker, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a health promotion programme to prevent the misuse of androgenic anabolic steroids among Swedish adolescents
- 2004
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Ingår i: HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0957-4824 .- 1460-2245. ; 19, s. 61-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to design an appearance programme in order to prevent the misuse of androgenic anabolic steroids among adolescents and to evaluate the adolescents' perception of this programme. The study was performed in all schools in a primary health care area on the south west coast of Sweden. The intervention targeted all 16- and 17-year-old males and females (n = 921). The intervention and evaluation were completed by 451 boys. The strategy of the appearance programme was to create awareness of and to discuss attitudes towards steroid hormones among these adolescents. Youth leaders and health workers, who discussed these subjects with adolescents over a period of 2 years, carried out the intervention programme. The perception of the programme was analysed anonymously using questionnaires. Effects on the total population of youths were assessed by two cross-sectional surveys. The intervention programme was well received by the adolescents. The misuse of androgenic anabolic steroids had a tendency to decrease after the appearance programme. We demonstrated a method for involving the community in an appearance programme to reduce misuse of anabolic steroids and showed that youth were sensitive to our discussions about appearance and attitudes. This study indicates that drug abuse among adolescents can be decreased by health promotion activities, such as group discussions. Controlled studies are needed before the results of this appearance programme can be generalized. Key words: adolescents; androgenic anabolics; appearance; intervention
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Sandin, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Precautionary defaults - A new strategy for chemical risk management
- 2004
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Ingår i: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-7039 .- 1549-7860. ; 10, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to give adequate support to risk managers, new risk assessment methods should be developed that are (1) scientifically sound, (2) simplified, and (3) suited for precautionary risk management. In this Perspective we propose that the notion of a precautionary default can be a useful tool in the development of such methods. A precautionary default is a cautious or pessimistic assumption that is used in the absence of adequate information and that should be replaced when such information is obtained. Furthermore, we point out some promising research areas for the development of such indicators, viz. connections between chemical characteristics such as persistence and effect parameters, monitoring of contaminants in polar regions, monitoring of contaminants in breast milk, application of results from (human) toxicology in ecotoxicology and vice versa, (eco) toxicological test systems that are sensitive to effects on reproduction, and the application of bioinformatic methods to complex data, both in genomic research and in ecotoxicology. We conclude that precautionary decision-making does not require less science, but to the contrary it requires more science and improved communication between scientists and risk managers.
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