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- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Eyewitnesses under influence: How feedback affects the realism in confidence judgements.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Oral paper presented at the 14’th European Conference on Psychology and Law (Cracow, Poland).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Witnesses often discuss the witnessed event with other witnesses. Hence, it is important to increase our understanding of how co-witness feedback affects witnesses’ memory and meta-memory. This study investigated the effect of confirmatory and disconfirmatory feedback on the accuracy in witnesses’ confidence judgements. A general conclusion from the study is that the realism in the witnesses’ confidence judgements is indeed sensitive to co-witness feedback, and more so to confirming than disconfirming feedback.
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- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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The cognitive interview: Effects on the realism in witnesses confidence in their free recall
- 2004
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 1st meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law (NNPL), Oslo, Norway..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using calibration methodology, this study compared the realism of witnesses’ confidence judgments of their own recall elicited in either the Cognitive Interview (CI) or the Structured Interview (SI). Participants were interviewed about their observations of a staged crime and returned two weeks later to assess their confidence in the statements. The CI, as in previous research, rendered a significantly higher number of correct recalled units compared with the SI. In both interview conditions the witnesses displayed a high level of accuracy and confidence, very good calibration, and very low overconfidence. No difference was found between the CI and SI in terms of calibration, under/overconfidence, or with respect to the witnesses’ estimations of the total number of correctly recalled items. It is suggested that the high realism found in these measures is due to the witnesses assessing their confidence in items they themselves had chosen to report.
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| 8. |
- Ask, Karl, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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The psychological study of police investigations: Contributions from motivated social cognition research
- 2004
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 14th European Conference on Psychology and Law, Cracow, Poland..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some of the most common mistakes in criminal investigations include one-sided and confirmatory information seeking, and premature narrowing of potential suspects. Such activities appear somewhat comprehensible, considering the fact that investigators typically face considerable time pressure and work in a police culture that advocates efficiency, decisiveness and prestige—conditions that promote a need for investigative closure and undue partiality toward specific conclusions. The motivated social cognition framework accounts for how people’s wishes and needs affect social judgments, and a number of mechanisms for such influence have been identified. The present paper is a theoretical overview seeking to elucidate the direct implications that the mechanisms of motivated cognition have for the investigative process and the practical consequences that may follow. In addition, some initial experimental results generated from this approach are presented
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| 9. |
- Fahsing, I.A., et al.
(författare)
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The man behind the mask: Accuracy and predictors of eyewitness offender descriptions
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Psychology. ; 89:4, s. 722-729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An archival study was conducted using 250 offender descriptions by witnesses of armed bank robberies. The accuracy of the descriptions was gauged against authentic video documentation of the witnessed crimes. In general, witnesses provided accurate descriptions of the offenders but reported few identifying details. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the witnesses? role (bank tellers vs. customers), the type of weapon used, and the number of perpetrators involved were moderately predictive of the quality of offender descriptions. However, several of the observed relationships were conditional on whether descriptions of basic attributes (e.g., height, age, build) or more detailed features were considered. Hence, the authors concluded that verifying all aspects of witness descriptions is crucial when studying memories for actual crimes.
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| 10. |
- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Contagious contacts: How police trainees influence each other's memories for a criminal event
- 2004
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Ingår i: Oral paper presented at the 14’th European Conference on Psychology and Law (Cracow, Poland).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated memory conformity effect among police trainees who first witnessed, and the discussed, a criminal event. Each member of a pair watched a different video of the same criminal event. The pairs discussed the event, and then each witness performed an individual recall test. A high proportion (67%) of the witnesses who had discussed the event mistakenly recalled items acquired during the discussion. Furthermore, a subsequent source monitoring test revealed that a majority of these witnesses (75%) were aware of the fact that they had acquired the mistakenly recalled items from their co-witnesses. These findings are discussed both from a theoretical and practical perspective
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