| 1. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions and reasons for choice of fat- and fibre-containing foods by Swedish schoolchildren
- 2003
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Ingår i: Appetite. ; 40, s. 61-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Home Economics, Göteborg University, Box 122 04, SE 402 42, Göteborg, Sweden. christina.berg@ped.gu.se This study investigated schoolchildren's breakfast choices focusing on their reported usual intake and perceptions of fat-reduced or fibre-enriched alternatives. A total of 184 eleven- to fifteen-year-old were asked to participate, and 181 completed the study. Using pictures of food items, the children were instructed to reproduce their usual breakfast, and then breakfasts that would be: healthy, tasty, consumed by their parents, or approved by their parents. Participants' usual breakfast included breads and breakfast cereals containing a higher fibre content than that of the breakfast reported as most palatable. Their usual breakfast also contained products with less fibre than was the case for their healthy or perceived parental norm breakfasts. This may be interpreted as evidence that high-fibre bread and breakfast cereals are perceived as healthy but that consumption of these products is limited by palatability. In contrast to the ambivalence towards cereal products, corresponding disagreements between breakfasts were not observed for milk, and only a small systematic disagreement was observed for spread. Thus, the majority consumed the kind of milk and spread perceived as being healthy, tasty and parentally sanctioned despite the fact that full-fat products were frequently consumed. In conclusion, the results suggest that taste may be a barrier to consumption of high-fibre products, while consumption of low-fat products appears to be impeded by health beliefs. PMID: 12631506 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 2. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Relation between breakfast food choices and knowledge of dietary fat and fiber among Swedish schoolchildren.
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. - 1054-139X. ; 31:2, s. 199-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate dietary knowledge and beliefs of schoolchildren, in relationship to breakfast choices, with specific attention to fat and fiber content. METHODS: Food choice and perceptions were studied by interviews using the "stacking box methodology". Youth (n = 181) aged 11-15 years were instructed to select food items among photographs of breakfast foods. In addition to choosing their own typical breakfasts, they were asked to exchange foods in hypothetical breakfasts to create meals with less fat and more fiber. The interview also dealt with recent changes in breakfast habits, and perceptions of healthy breakfasts, dietary fat, and foods rich in fiber. Data were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Knowledge concerning sources and health attributes of dietary fiber was associated with usual consumption of bread and breakfast cereals rich in fiber. In a similar way, a positive attitude toward limited fat intake predicted consumption of reduced-fat milk products. However, no association was observed between food choices and knowledge of a food-packaging symbol indicating low-fat and fiber-enriched foods. CONCLUSION: Lack of awareness of, and knowledge about, healthy eating may be important barriers to the development of health promoting food habits by schoolchildren.
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| 3. |
- Berteus Forslund, Helene, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Meal patterns and obesity in Swedish women-a simple instrument describing usual meal types, frequency and temporal distribution
- 2002
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Ingår i: Eur J Clin Nutr. - 0954-3007. ; 56:8, s. 740-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To characterize meal patterns in relation to obesity in Swedish women using a simple instrument describing meal frequency, meal types and temporal distribution. DESIGN: Cross-sectional parallel group design. SUBJECTS: Eighty-three obese women from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study were compared with 94 reference women, randomly recruited from the population. METHOD: A new, simplified and self-instructing questionnaire was used to assess meal patterns. Usual meal pattern was reported as time and meal type for each intake episode during a typical day. RESULTS: The obese women consumed 6.1 meals/day compared with 5.2 meals/day among the reference women (P<0.0001). All types of meals except 'drink meals' were significantly more frequently consumed in the obese group. The obese women also displayed a different meal pattern across the day, consuming a larger number of meals later in the day. As a result a larger fraction of each obese woman's total meals were consumed in the afternoon and in the evening/night. There was no difference in the number of obese vs reference women consuming breakfast. Snack meals were positively associated with total energy intake in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: A new simplified method assessing meal pattern revealed that the number of reported intake occasions across a usual day was higher in obese women compared with controls and the timing was shifted to later in the day. These findings should be considered in the treatment of obesity.
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| 4. |
- Björkelund, Cecilia, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of a primary health care intervention program for women: lower blood pressure and stable weight
- 2000
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Ingår i: Family Medicine. ; 32, s. 246-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Göteborg University, Sweden. cecilia.bjorkelund@allmed.gu.se BACKGROUND: In Strömstad, with 10,000 inhabitants, a cardiovascular prevention program was launched during 1985-1987 because of high rates of cardiovascular disease. To study long-term effects in women, an 8-year follow-up was conducted. METHODS: Participants (n = 114) and nonparticipants (n = 269) in the lifestyle intervention program in 1985-1987 (both groups with cardiovascular risk factors) were compared regarding risk factor levels after 8 years. Effects were also compared to another community not exposed to intervention. RESULTS: After 8 years, intervention participants showed significant reduction of mean systolic blood pressure compared to the control group and had higher intake of dietary fibers and more-positive attitudes to and better knowledge of healthy diets. There was no increase of mean body weight or serum triglyceride levels whatsoever in the intervention group. Compared with another female population not exposed to intervention, body weight and systolic blood pressure changed in a significantly more favorable way. CONCLUSIONS: Results from the prevention program could be discerned after 8 years. Advantages in risk factor changes could also be found when comparing with another female population. Given the high level of stroke in women within the community, the blood pressure advantage in the intervention group is particularly encouraging. PMID: 10782370 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 5. |
- Björkelund, Cecilia, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Women's sleep: longitudinal changes and secular trends in a 24-year perspective. Results of the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Sleep. ; 25, s. 894-896
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. cecilia.bjorkelund@allmed.gu.se STUDY OBJECTIVES: To present observational data on the frequency of sleep problems, sleep duration, and sleep medication in an urban female population. DESIGN: A prospective population study, initiated in 1968-69, with follow-ups in 1974-75, 1980-81, and 1992-93. SETTING: Göteborg, Sweden, with around 445,000 inhabitants. PARTICIPANTS: 1462 women born in 1908, 1914, 1918, 1922, 1930, and 205 women born in 1942 and 1954, a representative selection of women of the respective age in the general population. INTERVENTIONS: NA. MEASUREMENTS: Reported number of hours slept per night, sleep problems, use of sleeping pills, and sleep satisfaction. RESULTS: The frequency of sleep problems increased with age, as did consultations for sleep problems and the use of sleep medication, while no major differences in these parameters could be discerned in a 24-year secular trend analysis of 38- and 50-year-old women, except a lower sleeping pill use in 50-year-old women in 1992-93. An interesting finding was also that the significant reduction of the proportion of 38-year-old women sleeping more than 8 hours per night between 1968-69 and 1980-81 was not accompanied by a secular deterioration in sleep satisfaction in that age group. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep duration decreased by approximately 0.4 hours per night between the ages of 38 and 66. The frequency of sleep problems increased by around 30% between the ages of 38 and 84. The use of sleeping pills also increased, except in the 50-year-old cohort. PMID: 12489897 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Cabrera-Moksnes, Claudia, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic status and mortality in Swedish women: opposing trends for cardiovascular disease and cancer
- 2001
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. ; 12, s. 532-536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined relations between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes mellitus in a 24-year prospective study of 1,462 Swedish women. Two socioeconomic indicators were used: the husband's occupational category for married women and a composite indicator combining women's educational level with household income for all women. The husband's occupational category was strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality in opposite directions, independent of age and other potential confounders. Women with husbands of lower occupational categories had an increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality [relative risk (RR) = 1.60; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.09-2.33] while experiencing lower rates of all-site cancer mortality (RR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.50-0.96). A similar relation was seen with the composite variable: women with low socioeconomic status had an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (RR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.01-1.84) but a somewhat lower risk for cancer of all sites (RR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.66-1.11). Finally, morbidity data (diabetes mellitus, stroke, and breast cancer) yielded results that were consistent with the mortality trends, and breast cancer appeared to account for a major part of the association between total cancer and high socioeconomic status. In summary, higher socioeconomic status was associated with decreased cardiovascular disease mortality and excess cancer mortality, in such a way that only a weak association was seen for all-cause mortality. PMID: 11505172 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 8. |
- Dey, Debashish Kumar, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Body composition estimated by bioelectrical impedance in the Swedish elderly. Development of population-based prediction equation and reference values of fat-free mass and body fat for 70- and 75-y olds
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ; 57 (8):Aug, s. 909-916
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Göteborg University, Sweden. debashish.dey@geriatrik.gu.se OBJECTIVE: To develop a bioelectrical impedance (BIA) prediction equation for fat-free mass (FFM(BIA)) and present reference values of FFM and body fat (BF) for healthy Swedish elderly from population-based representative samples. SUBJECTS: This study is based on 823 (344 males, 479 females) participants from two systematic samples of birth cohorts in Göteborg aged 70 (cohort H70V, 201 males and 299 females) and 75 (cohort NORA75, 143 males and 180 females). METHODS: Body composition was measured with BIA (BIA-101, RJL system, Detroit) in both cohorts and was estimated by a four-compartment (4C) model from total body water (TBW) and total body potassium (TBK) in a sub-sample of the NORA75 cohort. The FFM(BIA) was validated against the FFM from the 4C model (FFM(4C)). RESULTS: The FFM(BIA) correlated well with FFM(4C) (r=0.95, SEE=2.64 kg). The FFM(BIA) (kg) in 70-y-old males and females were 58.5+/-5.4 and 43.4+/-4.4, and for 75-y-old males and females were 56.1+/-4.7 and 42.5+/-4, respectively. The body fat in kg (FM) among 70-y-old males and females were 25.2+/-8.1 and 25.7+/-8.4, and for 75-y-old males and females were 21.7+/-7.1 and 22.8+7.2, respectively. The percent body fat (BF%) among 70-y-old males and females were 29.5+/-5.8 and 36.3+/-6.4, and for 75-y-old males and females were 27.3+/-6 and 34.1+/-6.1, respectively. CONCLUSION: The FFM, FM and BF% from this study might be used as reference values for Swedish elderly aged 70 and 75 y. PMID: 12879085 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 9. |
- Dey, Debashish Kumar, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Obesity in 70-year-old subjects as a risk factor for 15-year coronary heart disease incidence
- 2003
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Ingår i: Obesity Research. ; 11 (7):July, s. 817-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epidemiology, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of obesity in general and waist circumference (WC) and BMI in particular as risk factors for 15-year incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the elderly. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: This prospective study was based on 1597 (737 males and 860 females) 70-year-olds free from CHD and participants of three birth cohorts examined in 1971 to 1972 (Cohort I), 1976 to 1977 (Cohort II), and 1981 to 1982 (Cohort III) at Göteborg, Sweden. Fifteen-year incidence of CHD (fatal and nonfatal) was ascertained from follow-up examinations and registers. Relative risk (RR) for first ever CHD in reference to the lowest quartiles of WC and BMI was calculated from Cox regression. RESULTS: In males, RRs for CHD in the highest WC and BMI quartiles were 1.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00 to 1.85] and 1.42 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.92), respectively, after adjustment for cohorts, smoking habits, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol. In men, the risk associated with WC was independent of BMI. Neither WC nor BMI was related to CHD risk in females. After exclusion of first 5-year all-cause deaths, the adjusted RRs in the highest WC and BMI quartiles in males were 1.47 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.04) and 1.42 (1.04 to 1.92), respectively. In females, a significantly higher RR of 1.41 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.94) was observed in the second BMI quartile only after such exclusions. DISCUSSION: WC, an indicator of both central and general obesity, appears to be a stronger predictor of CHD than BMI in elderly males, but in females, obesity was not a risk factor for CHD. PMID: 12855750 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 10. |
- Eiben, Gabriele, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Secular trends in diet among elderly Swedes - cohort comparisons over three decades
- 2004
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. ; 7:5, s. 637-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Box 454, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. gabriele.eiben@medfak.gu.se OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare dietary practices among different birth cohorts of 70-year-old Swedes, who were examined between 1971 and 2000. SETTING: Göteborg, Sweden. DESIGN: Four population-based samples of 1360 70-year-olds, born in 1901, 1911, 1922 and 1930, have undergone health examinations and dietary assessments over a period of almost three decades. One-hour diet history (DH) interviews were conducted in 1971, 1981, 1992 and 2000 with a total of 758 women and 602 women. The formats and contents of the dietary examinations were similar over the years. Statistical analysis of linear trends was conducted, using year of examination as the independent variable, to detect secular trends in food and nutrient intakes across cohorts. RESULTS: At the 2000 examination, the majority of 70-year-olds consumed nutritionally adequate diets. Later-born cohorts consumed more yoghurt, breakfast cereals, fruit, vegetables, chicken, rice and pasta than earlier-born cohorts. Consumption of low-fat spread and milk also increased, along with that of wine, light beer and candy. In contrast, potatoes, cakes and sugar were consumed less in 2000 than in 1971. The ratio of reported energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate did not show any systematic trend over time in women, but showed a significant upward trend in men. CONCLUSIONS: The diet history method has captured changes in food selections in the elderly without changing in general format over three decades. Dietary quality has improved in a number of ways, and these findings in the elderly are consistent with national food consumption trends in the general population. PMID: 15251054 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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