| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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31 recommendations for increased profit - reducing waste
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Those companies and organizations that wish to ensure long-term profitability must successively decrease resource use in both product development and in product usage. Primarily, it is waste that must be reduced, i.e. the consumption of resources that do not add to customer value or to the organization. Waste is widespread in all operations. Even in well-functioning processes, more than half of the resource consumption can be classified as waste. One obstacle to waste elimination is that most waste is hidden. Thus, executives, middle management and specialists must prioritize efforts to uncover the waste in their operations.Building and construction activities consist of a complex system of decisions, components, organizations and processes that must be coordinated. There are therefore many explanations as to why waste arises, or does not. Based on a series of discussions with experienced builders, consultants, contractors and materials providers, five main groups of factors that characterize effective operations were found. In this report these factors are illustrated in the form of a “value pyramid”. A holistic view of long-term customer benefits is the apex of the pyramid. Structure, competence, leadership and culture act as the driving forces at each corner of the pyramid’s foundation. Should one of the corners gives way, then the pyramid risks toppling over.With the value pyramid as support, 31 recommendations for what should be done to reduce waste are presented. These are aimed at standardizing the product from an overall perspective (five recommendations), defining and standardizing processes (ten recommendations), developing the organization and its competence (seven recommendations), disciplining management (five recommendations), and driving continuous improvement work (four recommendations). Reducing uncertainties and increasing effective time utilization are the red threads, as the Swedes would say, that run through all the recommendations.Everyone who uses resources has a responsibility to reduce waste. By systematically monitoring one’s own use of time, one can gain insights that will help improve one’s work situation. However, the burden of initiating and driving improvements overall obviously lies with management. How this should be done depends on the nature and purpose of the activities as well as on the organization’s capabilities. It is to manage this progress and achieve profitability that managers are appointed. It is in the interest of all enterprises and organizations to develop the ability and an interest to detect and understand what work/task is value adding what is not. This ability will provide possibilities to develop new competitive advantages and new business concepts.
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| 5. |
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| 7. |
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7:e Nordiska Forskarsymposiet i Turism 1998
- 1999
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nordiska Forskarsymposiet i Turism genomförs årligen. ETOUR stod som värd för 1998 års symposium som hölls i Åre i början av december. ETOUR har sammanställt konferensrapporten som innehåller de uppsatser som presenterades under symposiet. Deltagande forskare representerar olika perspektiv av turism, vilket gör att rapporten ger en bred översikt över nordisk turismforskning. Uppsatserna behandlar bland annat attraktioner, evenemang, destinationsutveckling, framtidens resande och attityder gentemot turism. Läsaren får en aktuell belysning av turistiska fenomen i denna rapport.
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| 8. |
- A. Alkhamisi, Mahdi, et al.
(författare)
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A Monte Carlo Study of Recent Ridge Parameters
- 2007
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Ingår i: Communications in statistics. Simulation and computation. - 0361-0918 .- 1532-4141. ; 36:3, s. 535-547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- A. Almaqtari, Faozi, et al.
(författare)
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Earning management estimation and prediction using machine learning: A systematic review of processing methods and synthesis for future research
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 International Conference on Technological Advancements and Innovations (ICTAI). - : IEEE. - 9781665420884 - 9781665420877 ; , s. 291-298
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study highlights earning management optimization possibilities to constrain the events of earning management and financial fraud. Our study investigates the existing stock of knowledge and strand literature available on earning management and fraud detection. It aims to review systematically the methods and techniques used by prior research to determine earning management and fraud detection. The results indicate that prior research in earning management optimization is diverged among several techniques and none of these techniques has provided an ideal optimization for earning management. Further, the results reveal that earning management determinants are complex based on the type and size of business entities which complicate the optimization possibilities. The current research brings useful insights for predicting and optimization of earnings management and financial fraud. The present study has significant implications for policymakers, stock markets, auditors, investors, analysts, and professionals.
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| 10. |
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A Bad Apple Went Away: Exploring Resilience among Bitcoin Entrepreneurs
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emerging digital cryptocurrency Bitcoin has made waves in mainstream media across the globe, as have the numerous extreme events that have rocked it. One such event, the bankruptcy of a prominent Bitcoin exchange called Mt. Gox, particularly shocked the emerging sociotechnical field. However, it is not clear how the numerous entrepreneurial firms operating in this field survived this shock.
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| 11. |
- A. Bateki, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Of milk and mobiles: Assessing the potential of cellphone applications to reduce cattle milk yield gaps in Africa using a case study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1699. ; 191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are growing expectations that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) applications could help improve on-farm yields amongst smallholder farmers in developing countries, and consequently, food and nutrition security. However, few studies have quantified the actual contribution of ICT applications on farmers’ yields, and these studies predominantly focused on crop production. We assessed the potential of ICT applications to close milk yield gaps among small- and medium scale dairy cattle farmers in Africa. First, we developed a theoretical framework summarizing biophysical and socio-economic constraints that foster milk yield gaps and discussed which constraints can be addressed using ICT applications. Second, using a case study of a feeding advice application for dairy cattle pre-tested with farmers in rural Kenya, we analyzed how much stand-alone the application could contribute to close dairy cattle milk yield gaps. Our findings suggest that ICT applications could help address some existing biophysical and socio-economic constraints fostering milk yield gaps, including data collection for breeding programs, feeding management advice, and facilitating access to markets and capital. Our stand-alone ICT application closed yield gaps by 2 % to 6 % on representative farms. Several factors may explain the limited actual contribution of selected ICT applications to reduce existing milk yield gaps, including the quality of the input data and models used in ICT applications, and more structural constraints that cannot be addressed by digital tools. Therefore, although ICT applications could help address constraints to achieving higher milk yields on dairy farms, a significant contribution to improve yields may only be achieved when conditions surrounding their use are adequate.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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A good life for all : Essays on sustainability celebrating 60 years of making life better
- 2017. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For a better world now and in the futureFor a world that sustains itself for genereations to come, the University of Gävle is an ambitious and development-oriented organization with a focus on sustainability now and in the future. Under the leadership of Dr. Maj-Britt Johansson, the University is creating a sustainable community. This book commemorates her efforts in hounour of her 60th birthday.The ten essays here show the wide variety of sustainability activities under her leadership, not limited to ecological issues, includning science, social work, building design and contruction, and World Hertiage sites, along with a variety of other cutting-edge topics.
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| 14. |
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A HISTORY OF BUSINESS CARTELS - INTERNATIONAL POLITICS, NATIONAL POLICIES AND ANTI-COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOUR
- 2022
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- International cartels are powerful organizations that impact our everyday lives, although they are little known. This book presents 15 historical case studies of international cartels that include agricultural and mineral commodities, the machinery industry, telephone equipment, whiskey and cement. These cases reveal that international cartels manipulated prices and shared markets over many decades but that their real impact was far wider. The global convergence towards criminalizing serious cartel conduct has seen a revival in historical research on cartels and competition policy. The regulation of anti-competitive behaviour has changed over time. To understand why the US, European and other modern economies altered their policies through the 20th century, it is critical to understand when, how and why governments have interacted with, and been influenced by, business organizations such as cartels. This volume draws together researchers from different nations to examine the impact of international cartels on the experience of individual nations, those nations’ interactions with one or more international cartels, and ultimately the interactions of individual nations with the wider international community. This book will be of interest to researchers, academics and advanced students in the fields of business and economic history, political economy, and government policy, as well as those interested in cartels and their impact on the wider economy.
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| 15. |
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A Longitudinal Investigation Of Business Angel Relationship Risk Mitigation Strategies Within Investments - A Three-dimensional Approach
- 2015
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Business angel (BA) investing is associated with various types of risks, where relationship risk often is highlighted as being especially critical (Fiet, 1995). Three investor strategies for mitigating relationship risks associated with BA investing in young private firms can be traced in the literature: (i) indirect control through monitoring and rewarding/punishing entrepreneur behavior and output, (ii) direct control through active involvement, and (iii) relying on mutual trust (Van Osnabrugge and Robinson, 2000; Maxwell and Lévesque, 2011). While early research in the field adopted a rather static view on BA categorization (Coveney and Moore, 1998; Sørheim and Landström, 2001), more contemporary research shows that BAs change investment roles across investments (Avdeitchikova, 2008; Lahti, 2011). However, whether BAs behave differently regarding risk mitigation within investments is less explored. This explorative study contributes to the opening of the black box of how BAs may shift risk mitigation strategies over time within single investments.
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| 16. |
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A new scramble for Africa? : imperialism, investment and development
- 2009
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dramatically escalating prices of raw materials, driven by rapid industrialisation in China and other countries of the global South as well as by looming world shortages, had for the few years preceding the financial meltdown and global recession of 2009 promoted a new scramble for Africa’s natural resources. It signalled a brisk turnaround in prospects for what The Economist had dubbed the ‘hopeless continent’ as recently as 1999. However, while average growth rates across the continent have increased, the implications for Africa’s development were and remain at best dubious.In this important volume, the new scramble for Africa is placed in the historical context of imperialism and the contributors show important continuities with the original nineteenth-century scramble. However, while the previous scramble was between major European powers, today the continent provides a battleground for competition between the US, the European Union, China and other emerging players such as India and South Africa.This book raises significant general questions relating to the nature of emerging global competition between the US and China; the centrality of the struggle for oil and minerals and resulting militarisation; the international battle to capture Africa’s markets; the marginalisation of African capitalism; and the ambiguous benefits that investment and production by multinational companies bring to African communities. Arguing that exploitation of the continent by comprador African elites remains central, the book concludes by raising important questions about the prospects for development in Africa.
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| 17. |
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A Nordic Perspective on Co‐Operation for Sustainable Destination and Regional Development
- 2015
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research report contributes to a Nordic perspective on co-operation for sustainable destination- and regional development based on studies conducted within a Swedish-Danish Interreg project 2012-2014 (MARIFUS). An introduction chapter with major themes initiates this report followed by five chapters1 written by researchers from Aalborg University, Denmark (Incevida) and University West, Sweden (School of Business, Economics and IT). The purpose of this report is to give deeper nsights in Nordic destination and regional development by empirical case studies. These studies have been presented and discussed at seminars during international scientific conferences within regional science (the 16th Uddevalla Symposium 2013 in Kansas City, USA and the 17th Uddevalla Symposium 2014 in Uddevalla, Sweden) organized by University West. The contributions are nterdisciplinary in that sense that they are written by scholars from different scientific disciplines such as business administration, informatics, planning and culture studies. However, all scholars have a destination and/or regional perspective as a point of departure in the case studies conducted. The three-year project offered great opportunities to cross-border learning and applied research in close co-operation (Work integrated learning) with project partners and students.The studies are partly supported by the project MARIFUS “Maritime Inlands – past, present and future strengths” financed by the European Union Regional Development Fund (Interreg IV A). The editors express sincere gratitude to all authors and all partners of the MARIFUS project.
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| 18. |
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A research agenda for entrepreneurship and context
- 2016. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary.There is growing recognition that entrepreneurship can be better understood within its context(s). This carefully designed book invites readers to take a journey: from reflecting critically on where the discussion on context and entrepreneurship stands today towards identifying future research questions and themes that deserve the attention of entrepreneurship scholars. This collection draws attention to the research challenges the entrepreneurship field faces by reviewing the many facets of contexts and by reflecting on methods and theoretical approaches that are required in order to contextualize entrepreneurship research. Written by renowned international scholars, the book's leading-edge contributions provide a thorough exploration of how to contextualize entrepreneurship research. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, comprehensive coverage of the entrepreneurship/contexts debate is included, in addition to reading lists and a chapter dedicated to advancing future research avenues. Students and academics interested in context and entrepreneurship will benefit from this far-reaching and forward-thinking book.
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| 19. |
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A Research Agenda for Management and Organization Studies
- 2016
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Managing and organizing are now central phenomena in contemporary societies. It is essential they are studied from a variety of perspectives, and with equal attention paid to their past, their present, and their future. This book collects opinions of the trailblazing scholars concerning the most important research topics, essential for study in the next 15–20 years. The opinions concern both traditional functions, such as accounting and marketing, personnel management and strategy, technology and communication, but also new challenges, such as diversity, equality, waste and cultural encounters. The collection is intended to be inspiration for young scholars and an invitation to a dialogue with practitioners.
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| 20. |
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A Research Agenda for Sustainable Cities and Communities
- 2023
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global in its outlook, this Research Agenda systematically reviews and critiques existing research on sustainable cities, calling for greater engagement with a diversity of perspectives. It interrogates foundational assumptions in the field and offers reframed perspectives on sustainability. Chapters also explore diverse approaches, actors and domains, locating emerging dynamics and new directions for practitioners.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Aaberge, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an In-work Tax Credit Reform in Sweden: Effects on Labor Supply and Welfare Participation of Single Mothers
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a recent Swedish in-work tax credit reform where we pay particular attention to labor market exclusion; i.e. individuals in as well as outside the labor force are included in the analysis. To highlight the importance of the joint effects from the tax and the benefit systems it appears particular relevant to analyze the labor supply behavior of single mothers. To this end, we estimate a structural microeconometric model of labor supply and welfare participation. The model accounts for heterogeneity in consumption-leisure preferences as well as for constraints in job opportunities. The results of the evaluation show that the reform generates welfare-gains for virtually every single mother, and moreover benefits low-income households. Finally, due to increased labor supply and decline in welfare participation we find that this reform is almost self-financing.
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| 24. |
- Aaberge, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Income Inequality and Income Mobility in the Scandinavian Countries Compared to the United States
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Review of Income and Wealth. - : Blackwell Publishers Ltd. - 1475-4991 .- 0034-6586. ; 48:4, s. 443-469
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares income inequality and income mobility in the Scandinavian countries and the United States during 1980-90. The results suggest that inequality is greater in the United States than in the Scandinavian countries and that this inequality ranking of countries remains unchanged when the accounting period of income is extended from one to eleven years. The pattern of mobility turns out to be remarkably similar, in the sense that the proportionate reduction in inequality from extending the accounting period of income is much the same. But we do find evidence of greater dispersion of first differences of relative earnings and income in the United States. Relative income changes are associated with changes in labor market and marital status in all four countries, but the magnitude of such changes are largest in the United States.
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| 25. |
- Aaberge, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Long-run evolution of income inequality in the Nordic countries
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - 0358-5522.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper surveys Nordic historic studies on the distribution of income to highlight similarities and differences between Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden in the evolution of income concentration and income inequality over more than 140 years. Our descriptive analysis allows for a decomposition where we identify the contribution of the income share of the richest 1 per cent and the distribution of income among the other 99 per cent to overall inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient. The results show that the evolution of income concentration and inequality can be characterised by episodes rather than by secular cycles, which means that the evolution can neither be summarised by Kuznets’ inverse U nor by a U. The evidence on the role played by the share of the top 1 per cent for overall income inequality shows to be mixed and to vary across time and countries.
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| 26. |
- Aaberge, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Tony Atkinson and his Legacy
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Review of Income and Wealth. - : Wiley. - 0034-6586 .- 1475-4991. ; 63:3, s. 411-444
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tony Atkinson is universally celebrated for his outstanding contributions to the measurement and analysis of inequality, but he never saw the study of inequality as a separate branch of economics. He was an economist in the classical sense, rejecting any sub-field labelling of his interests and expertise, and he made contributions right across economics. His death on 1 January 2017 deprived the world of both an intellectual giant and a deeply committed public servant in the broadest sense of the term. This collective tribute highlights the range, depth and importance of Tony's enormous legacy, the product of almost fifty years’ work.
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| 27. |
- Aaberge, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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U.S. versus Sweden: The Effect of Alternative In-Work Tax Credit Policies on Labour Supply of Single Mothers
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An essential difference between the design of the Swedish and the US in-work tax credit systems relates to their functional forms. Where the US earned income tax credit (EITC) is phased out and favours low and medium earnings, the Swedish system is not phased out and offers 17 and 7 per cent tax credit for low and medium low incomes and a lump-sum tax deduction equal to approximately 2300 USD for medium and higher incomes. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency and distributional effects of these two alternative tax credit designs. We pay particular attention to labour market exclusion; i.e. individuals within as well as outside the labour force are included in the analysis. To highlight the importance of the joint effects from the tax and the benefit systems it appears particular relevant to analyse the labour supply behaviour of single mothers. To this end, we estimate a structural random utility model of labour supply and welfare participation. The model accounts for heterogeneity in consumption-leisure preferences as well as for heterogeneity and constraints in job opportunities. The results of the evaluation show that the Swedish system without phase-out generates substantial larger labour supply responses than the US version of the tax credit. Due to increased labour supply and decline in welfare participation we find that the Swedish reform is self-financing for single mothers, whereas a 10 per cent deficit follows from the adapted EITC version used in this study. However, where income inequality rises modestly under the Swedish tax credit system, the US version with phase-out leads to a significant reduction in the income inequality.
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| 28. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Capturing processes in longitudinal multiple case studies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501. ; 41:2, s. 235-246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses and suggests a methodological approach to capture processes in multiple case studies. While single case studies may address processes in an inductive or abductive manner, multiple case studies entail a stronger need for analytical frameworks and methodological tools developed ex ante in order to maintain focus on the same phenomena across cases and over time. This is, however, difficult to pursue in studies that focus on processes. The aim of the paper is to suggest an approach to longitudinal multiple case studies. We use an example of an on-going multiple case study aiming at capturing the processes of strategizing in terms of how the networking of start-up companies interplays with their ideas of future network positions. The paper concludes by suggesting the use of a combination of narratives and network drawings. Network drawings can be instrumental in capturing the past, the present and the future at different points in time for the individual cases. Based on these descriptions, change patterns and how these evolve can be analyzed and compared across cases and over time.
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| 29. |
- Aaboen, Lise, et al.
(författare)
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Case-based entrepreneurship education in and for the Nordic region
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Reframing the Case Method in Entrepreneurship Education.. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781800881143 - 9781800881150 ; , s. 2-17
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The case method provides entrepreneurship educators with great potential to be entrepreneurial and to think outside the box when adjusting the case method for increased entrepreneurial learning. This chapter provides the theoretical background of case-based entrepreneurship education and a debate on context in case teaching in general and the Nordic countries in particular. Further the chapter provides a synopsis and reflections of how the chapters in this book discuss the design and utilization of cases through 2 parts. Part 1 includes theoretical perspectives, discussions, and practical procedures on how the case method and case activities can be reframed and approached in entrepreneurship education in general and for experiential learning in particular. Part 2 contributes with a collection of Nordic entrepreneurship cases with accompanying teaching notes. We believe that this book is of great inspiration for entrepreneurship educators wanting to use the case method in their teaching.
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| 30. |
- Aaboen, Lise, et al.
(författare)
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Corporate governance and performance of small high-tech firms in Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Technovation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-4972 .- 1879-2383. ; 26:8, s. 955-968
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The approach uses data from a sample of 183 small high-tech firms, new, technology-based firms (small high-tech firms) in Sweden (54 variables under the headings of work experience, board and advice, financing, motivation-performance priorities, technological innovation and strategy). This study identifies some core areas of importance in corporate governance. Few managers in this study had a strong background and experience of finance and the preparation of business. Only 64 per cent of the managers have had previous work experience before starting the firm. The survey makes it clear that the small high-tech firms are likely to have a strong link with banking institutions. The consequence of these links is that most of the firm's capital supply is from banks, and that there are strong ownership links between banks and industry. The background of the founder does seem to have had an effect on the problem of financing and ownership issues. It is private sector organizations (banks) and families that are most frequently consulted by small high-tech firms (However, low means). It is also the private and public sector organizations, in connection with external board membership, regional development agencies and banks that are most frequently consulted. In the future, it is reasonable to search for factor patterns that can begin to explain and predict the direction of corporate governance in small new technology-based firms.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Aaboen, L, et al.
(författare)
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Critical dimensions for technology transfer Incubator-facilitated links between finance, academia and NTBFs
- 2008
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development. - 1468-4330 .- 1741-8127. ; 5:3, s. 331-335
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores incubator facilitation of technology transfer for their New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs). Empirical evidence gathered from six interviews with incubator managers, together with a survey of 131 NTBFs in incubators in Sweden, in 2005, and the findings made in a survey of 273 NTBFs situated inside-and-outside Science Parks in 1999, are used for the exploration. It is suggested that incubators do facilitate technology transfer for their NTBFs. It is further suggested that the development towards increased ability to facilitate technology transfer will continue as a results of the efforts made on the incubator and systemic level.
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| 33. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the roles of university spin-offs in business networks
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 59, s. 157-166
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper identifies different university spin-off (USO) roles related to resource interaction among business parties. It does so by mapping how USOs become part of business networks in terms of their roles relative to other parties. The theoretical frame of reference focuses on roles and resource interaction based on an industrial network approach to business markets. The empirical research is based on five cases of USOs representing a variety in terms of technology, degree of newness, sector, and area of application. As a result of the analysis, three different roles are identified: the USO as resource mediator, resource re-combiner and resource renewer. These roles reflect how USOs adapt resources to, or require changes among, business parties' resources. The paper also discusses the main resource interfaces associated with the three roles and related challenges. The paper contributes to previous research through illustrating USOs' roles relative to business parties from a resource interaction point of view, and by pointing to the establishment of new companies in business networks as a way of implementing innovation. Finally, the paper discusses the managerial implications of the research in terms of the USO's need to understand which role to take and how to develop it.
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| 34. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Incubator performance : An efficiency frontier analysis
- 2008
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Business Innovation and Research. - 1751-0252 .- 1751-0260. ; 2:4, s. 354-380
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessments and evaluations of incubators has been a topic of discussion for as long as incubators have been in existence due to the fact that there has not been an agreement on how to determine good performance. This paper demonstrates the use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) when studying performance of incubators. More specifically, it does so within the four dimensions of cooperation with universities, business networks, external funding and competence development on a sample of 16 Swedish incubators. We show that DEA enables us to measure non-numerical dimensions, and to simultaneously take into account the efforts made by both the incubator and the outcomes. Moreover, DEA provides benchmarks and, based on a model that divides the incubators into four different groups, illustrates the difference between the benchmark and the incubators' current situation.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Nourishment for the piggy bank : facilitation of external financing in incubators
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation. - : Inderscience. - 1470-6075 .- 1741-5284. ; 10 3-4, s. 354-374
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we argue that incubators facilitate access to external financing for their incubatees. Incubators use a wide range of activities to facilitate the accessing of external financing from public and private sources. We have grouped these into two sets of activities. The general activities aim to develop the conditions for external financing through information, education of incubatees, network-building and lobbying activities. The specific activities aim to assist the individual incubatee in their pursuit of external finance through help in application procedures, establishing need for capital, making contacts with the best public or private investor, etc. Based on the survey data, we have also shown that it is more common for incubatees to attract external capital compared to non-incubator firms. The incubatees seem especially successful in attracting public capital. The incubatees also attract more private external capital, however, the observed frequency of private capital in the incubatees are low.
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| 39. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship development patterns of university-based start-ups
- 2021
-
Ingår i: A Research Agenda for the Entrepreneurial University. ; , s. 207-228
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the present chapter, we focus on how start-ups become embedded in the university and industry context(s) in order to suggest a research agenda for a more systemic approach to university and industry actors when studying start-up development in entrepreneurial universities. More specifically, the story should not end in business formation but an entrepreneurial university also has roles in the further development of start-ups originating both from the university and industry. We base our suggested research agenda on a case study of the automotive and transport cluster in Western Sweden, which is established as both an academic context and an industry context. We relied both on secondary data about the case as such as well as primary data about the relationship development patterns of the 9 start-ups in the cluster. We identified 5 different patterns of how start-ups become embedded. Arguing that the development and success of university-based start-ups have to be understood in terms of how they embed in their context(s) entails several important implications for further studies connected to additional details of the development patterns, the roles universities play in the networking and embedding of start-ups and the design of collaborative platforms for collaboration between various actors.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Transfer Offices, Incubators, and Intellectual Property Management
- 2016
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Ingår i: 76th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a systematic literature review of the intersection between intellectual property (IP) management, technology transfer offices (TTOs) and incubators (and to some degree also science parks) in order to find out how incubators and/or TTOs support and work with patenting and IP management in startups. IP management is an important issue for the competitiveness of technology based startups and a difficult issue due to the resources needed to obtain, monitor and enforce IP rights. Understanding how the support organizations facilitate this work is therefore of importance for the startups as well as for universities and policy actors seeking to support technology transfer. The identified publications were systematized according to the actor in focus and whether the paper discussed IP as an output or as a strategic focus. The literature review showed that this literature tends to adopt a simplistic view of IP management, not taking all strategies into account. The literature typically narrows the focus down to a simplistic view of trying to increase the patent output of TTOs and incubators, and the related firms and/or universities.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Aadland, Torgeir, et al.
(författare)
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Levelling the playing field: Could entrepreneurship education compensate the lack of entrepreneurial pedigree and prior experience?
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Questions we care about: In the last four decades, the importance of entrepreneurship education for societal renewal has seen a dramatic rise. Policy arguments state that to spur economic development, a more entrepreneurially oriented workforce is needed. To increase our understanding of how entrepreneurship education impacts entrepreneurial careers, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how entrepreneurship education, in the form of venture creation programs (VCPs), mitigate or surpass a lack of entrepreneurial career antecedents, such as entrepreneurial pedigree or prior entrepreneurial experience. We ask: What role do VCPs play in the subsequent career choice of graduates regarding career impact relative to prior entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial pedigree? Approach: This paper investigates the role of VCPs, entrepreneurial pedigree, and prior entrepreneurial experience regarding early career choice. A broad perspective of entrepreneurial career is considered, across four occupational forms: self-employed, entrepreneurial employment (intrapreneur), hybrid (self-employed and employed in parallel), and conventional employment. To investigate career choice, data from graduates of VCPs at three universities in Northern Europe was collected through an online survey. Questions addressed graduate background prior to education, yearly occupational employment subsequent to graduation, and graduates’ own perception of entrepreneurial activity in employment positions. The survey was sent to 1326 graduates (total graduate population = 1568) and received 692 responses (52.2% response rate). Results: The educational context of VCPs, whether Ind-VCP or Corp-VCP, mitigated prior entrepreneurial experience. Although prior entrepreneurial experience interacted with Ind-VCP in making a career as self-employed more likely, this was not the case for Corp-VCP, in subsequently choosing intrapreneurial careers. Entrepreneurial pedigree had no significant effect on career choice other than for hybrid careers. Implications: Entrepreneurial experience gained from VCPs seems to influence graduates towards future entrepreneurial careers. For some, a VCP is the first entrepreneurial experience, while others are building existing entrepreneurial experiences. Evidence supports the conclusion that many VCP graduates lacking prior entrepreneurial experience instead develop entrepreneurial competencies (knowledge, skills, and judgmental abilities) through the program, which prepares them to engage in subsequent entrepreneurial careers. For policy and practice, entrepreneurship education can level the playing field for students aspiring to an entrepreneurial career but lacking prior entrepreneurial experience or entrepreneurial pedigree. This is an important insight when considering the need to spur innovativeness among businesses transitioning towards sustainable futures and/or recouping from the economic downturns created and perpetuated by the pandemic. Our evidence illustrates that action-based, contextualized education in entrepreneurship creates graduates that engage either as self-employed or as change agents (working with initiating and developing new opportunities) in established businesses. Value/Originality: This study offers novel evidence that entrepreneurship education can level the playing field for students preparing for entrepreneurial careers but lacking prior entrepreneurial experience or an entrepreneurial pedigree.
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| 48. |
- Aadland, Torgeir, et al.
(författare)
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Mitigating the lack of prior entrepreneurial experience and exposure through entrepreneurship education programs
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research. - 1355-2554. ; 30:11, s. 19-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose : To increase the understanding of how entrepreneurship education impacts entrepreneurial careers, the purpose of the paper is to investigate the role that a venture creation program (VCP) might have in mitigating or surpassing a lack of other antecedents of entrepreneurial careers. In particular, the authors focus on entrepreneurial pedigree and prior entrepreneurial experience. Design/methodology/approach : Data from graduates of VCPs at three universities in Northern Europe were collected through an online survey. Questions addressed graduate background prior to education, yearly occupational employment subsequent to graduation and graduates' own perceptions of entrepreneurial activity in employment positions. The survey was sent to 1,326 graduates and received 692 responses (52.2% response rate). Findings : The type of VCP, either independent (Ind-VCP) or corporate venture creation (Corp-VCP), influenced the mitigation of prior entrepreneurial experience. Prior entrepreneurial experience, together with Ind-VCP, made a career as self-employed more likely. However, this was not the case for Corp-VCP in subsequently choosing intrapreneurial careers. Entrepreneurial pedigree had no significant effect on career choice other than for hybrid careers. Research limitations/implications : Entrepreneurial experience gained from VCPs seems to influence graduates toward future entrepreneurial careers. Evidence supports the conclusion that many VCP graduates who lack prior entrepreneurial experience or entrepreneurial pedigree can develop sufficient entrepreneurial competencies through the program. Originality/value : This study offers novel evidence that entrepreneurship education can compensate for a lack of prior entrepreneurial experience and exposure for students preparing for entrepreneurial careers.
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| 49. |
- Aadland, Torgeir, et al.
(författare)
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Mitigating the lack of prior entrepreneurial experience and exposure through entrepreneurship education programs
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research. - UK : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1355-2554 .- 1758-6534. ; 30:11, s. 19-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeTo increase the understanding of how entrepreneurship education impacts entrepreneurial careers, the purpose of the paper is to investigate the role that a venture creation program (VCP) might have in mitigating or surpassing a lack of other antecedents of entrepreneurial careers. In particular, the authors focus on entrepreneurial pedigree and prior entrepreneurial experience.Design/methodology/approachData from graduates of VCPs at three universities in Northern Europe were collected through an online survey. Questions addressed graduate background prior to education, yearly occupational employment subsequent to graduation and graduates' own perceptions of entrepreneurial activity in employment positions. The survey was sent to 1,326 graduates and received 692 responses (52.2% response rate).FindingsThe type of VCP, either independent (Ind-VCP) or corporate venture creation (Corp-VCP), influenced the mitigation of prior entrepreneurial experience. Prior entrepreneurial experience, together with Ind-VCP, made a career as self-employed more likely. However, this was not the case for Corp-VCP in subsequently choosing intrapreneurial careers. Entrepreneurial pedigree had no significant effect on career choice other than for hybrid careers.Research limitations/implicationsEntrepreneurial experience gained from VCPs seems to influence graduates toward future entrepreneurial careers. Evidence supports the conclusion that many VCP graduates who lack prior entrepreneurial experience or entrepreneurial pedigree can develop sufficient entrepreneurial competencies through the program.Originality/valueThis study offers novel evidence that entrepreneurship education can compensate for a lack of prior entrepreneurial experience and exposure for students preparing for entrepreneurial careers.
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| 50. |
- Aadland, Torgeir, et al.
(författare)
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The gender gap in entrepreneurship: The role of the relative pay off from entrepreneurship
- 2022
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Ingår i: RENT Proceedings. - 2219-5572. ; 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Entrepreneurship education garners increasing interest, with current trends showing a greater number of women applying. However, less is known about how attendees experience the use of their education post-education in general, in regard to the relative pay-off in graduates’ subsequent careers. Similarly, the extent to which applied entrepreneurial competencies gained may differentiate in careers of women compared to men is also understudied. Research on the distinct gender populations, focusing on occupational differences have limited space in literature. The objective of this paper is to investigate the career metrics in income and work-life balance, comparing and contrasting a population of entrepreneurship education graduates, along gender lines. Literature review Literature points an underlying gender bias in entrepreneurship, where opportunity-based entrepreneurial careers and self-concept of an entrepreneur has predominantly been studied from a male perspective. For example, studies have highlighted aspects of gender bias towards women engaging in opportunity-based entrepreneurship such as difficulty in obtaining necessary funding for growth, challenges in accessing entrepreneurial networks, lower levels of self-belief and self-efficacy regarding entrepreneurial activity, differences in education, and imbalance in work expectations relative to home life. However, these studies have predominantly focused on a new firm formation definition of entrepreneurship. The utilization of entrepreneurial competencies, as developed through entrepreneurship education that focuses on experience- and reflection-based approaches to learning, have in recent studies shown to be equally important for intrapreneurs as self-employed entrepreneurs. This reflects the broader contextual spread of applied entrepreneurial competence in graduate careers. The entrepreneurial careers of the female graduates who engage in ideation and implementation of new business activity after an entrepreneurship education, may it be in firm formation or in employed roles, remains understudied. Therefore, the question is raised: What is the relative pay-off (i.e., income and work-life balance) of entrepreneurship in relation to occupational choice and gender for graduates of entrepreneurship educations? Approach/Method Alumni from three master-level venture creation programs at three universities in Northern Europe were contacted for this study. From a total population of 1103 (graduating between 1997-2018),531 graduates responded, resulting in a response rate of 48.1 percent. The gender distribution in the total population is 28.5 percent female, and within the respondent sample it is 29.5 percent female. Two dimensions of career progress: income and work-life balance, was then analyzed with a set of dependent variables and control variables in ordinal regression. These regressors include career start-up experience and to what extent ideation and implementation of new business activity in employed occupations impacts the independent variables. Models are based on separate regressions on men and women with the purpose to highlight gendered differences in career progression and what regressors contributes to this. Results/Findings The findings were divided into separate sets by the two dependent variables, income and work-life balance. For income levels, career length is shared by both men and women as being a strong predictor. Beyond that, the regression analysis gives different versions for women and men of what contributes to a high income. Men in paid employment (as conventional employees or intrapreneurs) earns more than their self-employed and hybrid (combining employment and self-employment) peers. For women, there is no significant differences among the occupations. For both genders, type of industry is also influential towards the income level. Work-life balance generated regressions that points towards small influences of the regressors for women. For men, having a partner indicates a higher work-life balance, which is not significant for women. Also, having less work related to entrepreneurial competencies (i.e., being conventional employed), results in a more positive work-life balance. Value & Implications Entrepreneurship education is shown to have many positive impacts on subsequent careers. However, entrepreneurial competencies developed through education do not appear to counteract the general gender differences seen in society, as differentiation between male and female graduates is evident through the study. Where previous research has focused on studying these differences, this study instead focuses on how income and work-life balance unfolds across gender categories of venture creation program graduates. These programs have shown to produce graduates who have developed and later utilized entrepreneurial competencies to a high degree in both employed and self-employed contexts. Though in the subsequent careers, the progression of income and work-life balance falls under different mechanisms depending on the gender of the graduate. Women seems to have more stable progression compared to men, with less variation between occupations. Though a limitation lies within that the regressors builds lesser models for women compared to men. This indicates that future research should consider an expanded set of variables or focus on designing qualitative studies target towards career progression of female entrepreneurs. In conclusion this study informs the need to consider the entrepreneurial career progression of women as different compared to their male graduates.
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