| 1. |
- Barber, D F, et al.
(author)
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PTEN regulation, a novel function for the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- 2006
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In: Science Signaling. - 1937-9145. ; 362, s. 49-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Timely regulation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2] and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] abundance in cells is essential for the control of cellular homeostasis. The concentrations of these lipids are low in quiescent cells but rapidly and transiently increase following growth factor receptor (GFR) stimulation, which triggers cellular metabolic changes, proliferation, survival, and motility. Class I(A) phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which is composed of a p85 (regulatory) and p110 (catalytic) subunits, is the enzyme generating PI(3,4)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 following GFR stimulation. Although the steps in GFR-induced activation of PI3K , are relatively well known, the mechanisms for subsequent 3-polyphospho-PI down-regulation are less understood. Examination of frequent genetic alterations in human cancer showed that PTEN (phosphatase with tensin homology on chromosome 10) is the major enzyme that decreases PI(3,4)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 cell content. Nonetheless, interpretation of the complexity of PTEN regulation remains a matter of debate. The recent description of diminished PTEN activity in liver-conditional knockout mice lacking the p85alpha PI3K regulatory subunit reveals a previously unknown p85alpha-dependent negative-feedback pathway that controls PI(3,4)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 half-life by regulating PTEN.
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| 4. |
- Lillsjö, Erica, et al.
(author)
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Registered nurses’ challenges and suggestions for improvement of their leadership close to older adults in municipal home healthcare
- 2023
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In: BMC Nursing. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6955. ; 22:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Worldwide people are living longer. The need for healthcare for older adults is increasing. The trend is towards advanced home healthcare, where registered nurses are key figures. This implies challenges for municipal home healthcare, as well as for registered nurses’ leadership. The aim is to explore registered nurses’ perceptions of challenges and suggestions for improvements in their leadership close to older adults in municipal home healthcare. Methods: The present study is part of a larger web-based questionnaire survey with a cross-sectional design. The design is inductive, analysing data using qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics. A questionnaire with open-ended and closed-ended questions was used. A total of n = 70 registered nurses leading close to older adults participated in seven municipalities in two geographic areas in Sweden. Results: The results show registered nurses’ perceptions of challenges as leaders close to older adults in terms of 11 categories. The categories are motivating for care, adjusting and coordinating nursing care to the older adult, relating to next of kin, managing communication difficulties, relating to social situations in the home, managing demands, working alone, having lack of time, collaborating with physicians, and care staff having low competence. The registered nurses suggested improvements for their leadership close to older adults in terms of nine categories. The categories are adjusting the work to the older adult, clarifying registered nurses’ responsibility, balancing demands and resources, setting time aside, improving staffs’ competence, ensuring staff’s competence development, improving the work environment, and cooperation between professions in the municipality, as well as between healthcare organizations. Conclusion: The results show that registered nurses’ leadership in municipal home healthcare implies a wide range of challenges. There is a need for strategies to improve the organizational preconditions to reduce challenges in registered nurses’ leadership in order to promote positive patient outcomes for safe and quality care.
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| 5. |
- Lowe, Robert, et al.
(author)
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Affective-Associative Two-Process theory: A neural network investigation of adaptive behaviour in differential outcomes training
- 2017
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In: Adaptive Behavior. - : SAGE Publications. - 1059-7123 .- 1741-2633. ; 25:1, s. 5-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article we present a novel neural network implementation of Associative Two-Process (ATP) theory based on an Actor-Critic-like architecture. Our implementation emphasizes the affective components of differential reward magnitude and reward omission expectation and thus we model Affective-Associative Two-Process theory (Aff-ATP). ATP has been used to explain the findings of differential outcomes training (DOT) procedures, which emphasize learning differentially valuated outcomes for cueing actions previously associated with those outcomes. ATP hypothesizes the existence of a prospective' memory route through which outcome expectations can bring to bear on decision making and can even substitute for decision making based on the retrospective' inputs of standard working memory. While DOT procedures are well recognized in the animal learning literature they have not previously been computationally modelled. The model presented in this article helps clarify the role of ATP computationally through the capturing of empirical data based on DOT. Our Aff-ATP model illuminates the different roles that prospective and retrospective memory can have in decision making (combining inputs to action selection functions). In specific cases, the model's prospective route allows for adaptive switching (correct action selection prior to learning) following changes in the stimulus-response-outcome contingencies.
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| 6. |
- Grisendi, Giulia, et al.
(author)
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GMP-manufactured density gradient media for optimized mesenchymal stromal/stem cell isolation and expansion
- 2010
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In: Cytotherapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1465-3249 .- 1477-2566. ; 12:4, s. 466-477
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AIMS: Bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) are therapeutic tools in regenerative medicine and oncology. MSC isolation is often performed starting from a separation step based on research-grade 1.077 g/mL density gradient media (DGM). However, MSC clinical application should require the introduction of good manufacturing practice (GMP) reagents. We took advantage of two novel GMP DGM with densities of 1.077 and 1.073 g/mL (Ficoll-Paque PREMIUM and Ficoll-Paque PREMIUM 1.073, respectively) to test whether these reagents could isolate MSC efficiently while simultaneously comparing their performance. METHODS: BM samples were processed using either 1.077 or 1.073 g/mL GMP DGM. BM mononucleated cell (MNC) fractions were analyzed for viability, immunophenotype, clonogenic potential, ex vivo expansion and differentiation potential. RESULTS: No differences were noticed in cell recovery and viability between the groups. Fluorescence-activated cell-sorting (FACS) analyzes on freshly isolated cells indicated that the 1.073 g/mL GMP DGM more efficiently depleted the CD45(+) fraction in comparison with 1.077 GMP DGM. Moreover, in the 1.073 group, fibroblastic colony-forming units (CFU-F) were 1.5 times higher and the final MSC yield 1.8 times increased after four passages. Both reagents isolated MSC with the expected phenotype; however, 1.073-isolated MSC showed a higher expression of CD90, CD146 and GD2. Additionally, MSC from both groups were capable of fully differentiating into bone, adipose cells and cartilage. CONCLUSIONS: Both GMP DGM enriched MSC from BM samples, suggesting that these reagents would be suitable for clinical-grade expansions. In addition, the density of 1.073 g/mL provides a significant advantage over 1.077 g/mL GMP DGM, impacting the quantity of MSC obtained and reducing the ex vivo expansion time for optimized cell-based clinical applications.
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| 8. |
- Wang, Dong, et al.
(author)
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Towards better process management in wastewater treatment plants : Process analytics based on SHAP values for tree-based machine learning methods
- 2022
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In: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 301
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding the mechanisms of pollutant removal in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) is crucial for controlling effluent quality efficiently. However, the numerous treatment units, operational factors, and the underlying interactions between these units and factors usually obfuscate the comprehensive and precise understanding of the processes. We have previously proposed a machine learning (ML) framework to uncover complex cause-and-effect relationships in WWTPs. However, only one interpretable ML model, Random forest (RF), was studied and the interpretation method was not granular enough to reveal very detailed relationships between operational factors and effluent parameters. Thus, in this paper, we present an upgraded framework involving three interpretable tree-based models (RF, XGboost and LightGBM), three metrics (R2, Root mean squared error (RMSE), and Mean absolute error (MAE)) and a more advanced interpretation system SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Details of the framework are provided along with a demonstration of its practical applicability based on a case study of the Umeå WWTP in Sweden. Results show that, for both labels TSSe (Total suspended solids in effluent) and PO4e (Phosphate in effluent), the XGBoost models are optimal whereas the RF models are the least optimal, due to overfitting and polarized fitting. This study has yielded multiple new and significant findings with respect to the control of TSSe and PO4e in the Umeå WWTP and other similarly configured WWTPs. Additionally, this study has produced two important generic findings relating to ML applications for WWTPs (or even other process industries) in terms of cause-and-effect investigations. First, the model comparison should be carried out from multiple perspectives to ensure that underlying details are fully revealed and examined. Second, using a precise, robust, and granular (feature attribution available for individual instances) explanation method can bring extra insight into both model comparison and model interpretation. SHAP is recommended as we found it to be of great value in this study.
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| 9. |
- Wångby, Margit, 1960-
(author)
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Externalizing and internalizing adjustment problems in teenage girls : a longitudinal study
- 1997
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The present thesis concerns the development of girls' adjustment problems during the adolescent period and into early adulthood. Its main focus is on a) developmental associations between externalizing and internalizing problems; and b) typical patterns of self-perceived adjustment problems in adolescence and their associations with adult maladjustment. Data were taken from the Swedish longitudinal research program "Individual Development and Adaptation" and concerned a sample of about 500 girls, who had been followed prospectively from age 10 to 25. The holistic, interactionistic perspective has provided a meta-theoretical framework for the research presented here. Traditional, variable-oriented methods were alternated with various person-oriented methods, in which patterns of operating factors were focused upon.The results can be summarized as follows. 1) In the early adolescent years, girls' externalizing and internalizing adjustment problems tend to be largely independent phenomena, each following its own developmental course. From middle adolescence and onward, however, girls with externalizing problems show a significantly increased risk of also having internalizing problems. 2) Somatic complaints were found to be part of all multi-problem patterns in middle adolescence, irrespective of whether other problems in the pattern were mainly externalizing or internalizing. It is suggested that such complaints might be utilized as a litmus test for adolescent maladjustment. 3) Despite finding that the adolescent externalizing and internalizing problems of a significant number of girls persist into early adulthood, such a development is in no way inevitable. Rather, the development of adjustment problems in girls appears to be a process open to substantial change during the teenage years - in, it should be emphasized, both a positive and a negative direction. The results presented here will hopefully provide a basis for future studies of the female adjustment process, in which the principles of an interactionistic research paradigm may be more extensively applied.
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