| 11191. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Difference in Secular Trend in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 82 (suppl 1), s. 132. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background, objective and hypotheses: By using QEPS, a new mathematic growth model, different components of growth can be analyzed, comparing secular trends of prepubertal and pubertal growth in Swedish birth cohorts born 1974 and 1990. Materials and methods: Two birth cohorts followed to adult height (AH) born around 1974 (1691 boys; 1666 girls) and 1990 (1647 boys; 1501 girls) being healthy, Nordic and born term. A subpopulation of 1974 (1177 boys; 1168 girls) and 1990 (989 boys; 919 girls) with < 10 height measurements evenly distributed during growth phases, and high data quality was used for comparison. The different components of the QEPS-model: (Q)uadratic, (E)xponential, (P)ubertal, and (S)top function were estimated with corresponding maximum values at AH and tempo adjusting ‘time scale ratios’ of E and P. Multivariate regression analyses were used for explaining the variation of AH. Results: Both boys and girls born 1990 compared to those born 1974 had at birth an increased lengthSDS and weightSDS and during infancy a more rapid growth (shorter Etimescale). Boys -1990 had increased prepubertal growth (P= 0.0001 for Qmax, Qheightscale), their pubertal part of growth was not significantly changed. Their AHcm increased 1.3 from 180.4 to 181.7; the variation in AH was explained to 44% by mid parental height (MPH) and birth characteristics, to 72% by adding Qmax, to 75% by pubertal onset age and to 99% by Pmax. Girls -1990 had prepubertal growth increased (P=0.05 for Qmax, Qheightscale). Their pubertal gain was markedly increased (P=0.001 for Pmax; Pheightscale), and duration decreased whereas mean menarche age remained 12.8 years. AHcm increased 0.7 from 167.6 to 168.3. AH could be explained to 52% by MPH and birth characteristics, to 71% by adding Qmax, to 75% by pubertal onset, and to 99% by Pmax. Conclusion: In cohorts born 16-years apart; a secular trend with increased AHcm was found, 1.3 in boys, due to more prepubertal growth, 0.7 in girls, due to more pubertal growth, indicating gender specific underlying regulations.
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| 11192. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Higher childhood BMI is associated with less pubertal gain
- 2015
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Ingår i: Obesity Facts (The European Journal of Obesity). - : S. Karger AG. - 1662-4025 .- 1662-4033.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: Our objective was to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) in childhood on the pattern of growth during puberty. Methods: The longitudinally followed Grow up 1990 Gothenburg birth cohort, with growth data from birth until adult height was analyzed, using the QEPS growth model (describing total height as a combination of four mathematical functions; Quadratic -Q, Exponential -E, Pubertal -P and Stop –S, Fig 1.), for calculation of estimates for pubertal growth (1). Individual BMI-SDS values, from 3.5–8 years of age (n = 1908) were calculated for linear and subgroup analyses (low/normal- nw, overweight – ow, obese– ob), based on the IOTF 2012 reference. Results: Ow/ob children already at birth were heavier and grew faster in height in the pre pubertal period compared to nw, due to an increased Q function. Ow/ob children of both genders had 3.4–4.3 months earlier puberty, reduced growth during puberty, boys and girls had 3 cm and 2 cm, respectively, less pubertal gain from the specific pubertal growth function (P) compared to their nw peers. We saw a negative dose-response effect of childhood BMI on pubertal gain, across the whole BMI spectrum (Fig 2–3.). The adult height was not related to BMI in childhood. Conclusion: For the first time, the result of the present study has shown that; the higher the BMI is in childhood, the less is the pubertal gain. Higher childhood BMI was also associated with increased pre pubertal growth due to an increased Q-function and the resulting adult height was similar for ow/ob and nw children. Reference 1.Holmgren A et al.: Horm. res. in paed. 2013;80(suppl. 1):177.
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| 11193. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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New puberty growth model for estimation of age for peak height velocity ompared with a manual method.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 9th Joint Meeting of Paediatric Endocrinology. 19-22 september 2013. Milan, Italien.. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: There is a lack of methods describing pubertal growth in a computerized way. Objective and hypotheses: To compare a mathematical model, describing pubertal growth, for age at start P5%, mid P50% and end P95% of pubertal growth and total curve peak height velocity (TPHV) to compare with manually identified PHV. Methods: From a new growth model (QEPs Quadratic Exponential Puberty stop) we used the P(uberty) function for estimating PO (5% of P(AUC), mid puberty as P50% and PE (95% of P(AUC)). The calculated PHV from total growth curve (TPHV) was compared with the manually identified PHV (against a ICP based grid) . The Swedish growth reference, born 1974 (n=3655 of which 2622) was selected. Results: For the 1320 boys mean (SD) of ageP50% was 13.82 (0.96), ageTPHV 13.67 (0.97) and age at PHV 13.85 (1.00). For the 1302 girls mean (SD) of ageP50% was 12.08 (0.97), ageTPH 11.81 (0.99) and age at PHV 11.93 (0.95). PO, as P5% for boys was 11.77 (1.00) and for girls 9.80 (1.04). PE, as P95% for boys was 16.16 (0.99) and for girls 14.70 (0.97) giving a mean duration for boys of 4.8 years and 4.9 years for girls. The mean age difference between PHV and TPHV was for boys 0.18 (0.38) and for girls 0.11 (0.48). The mean difference between PHV and P50% was for boys 0.03 (0.38) and for girls -0.15 (0.48). Conclusions: This new puberty growth model gives computerized information of start, mid and end of pubertal growth as well as the age at TPHV. This makes possible a better evaluation of influence of hormones, disease and environment on timing of amount of pubertal growth.
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| 11194. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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The Pubertal Gain in Height is Inversely Related to BMI in Childhood
- 2015
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. ; 84:Supplement 1, s. 268-69
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Weight in childhood may influence the pubertal timing and pattern of growth. Objective: To investigate the impact of BMI in childhood on further growth, especially the specific pubertal pattern of growth. Method: The longitudinally followed GrowUpGothenburg1990 birth cohort, was analyzed using the QEPS growth model (Nierop et al. Horm Res in Ped.2013; 80(suppl 1):152–153) (describing total height as a combination of four mathematical functions; Quadratic – Q, Exponential – E, Pubertal – P and Stop – S). Individual BMISDS values, from 3.5–8 years of age were calculated for linear and subgroup analyses (low/normal – Lw/Nw, overweight/obese – Ow/Ob), based on the IOTF 2012 reference (Cole TJ, Lobstein T. Pediatric obesity. 2012; 7(4):284–94.). Results: Across the whole BMI range a negative dose-response effect of childhood BMI on pubertal gain (Pmax) was found. Already at birth Owob children were heavier, and they grew faster in height in the prepubertal period compared to Lw/Nw, as evidenced by an increased Q function. Owob children of both genders had earlier puberty (91–117 days), P = 0.0004, reduced growth during puberty, boys/girls 3.13/2.26 cm less pubertal gain P<0.0001, from the specific pubertal growth function (Pmax). The adult height was not related to BMI in childhood. Conclusion: The higher BMI in childhood, the faster the prepubertal growth, the earlier onset of puberty, the less pubertal gain. This was evident across the whole BMI-range, making weight status an important modifier of growth. Funding information: This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR no 7509 and VR 2006-7777), VR/FORMAS/FORTE/VINNOVA (259-2012-38 and 2006-1624); EpiLife-TEENS research program, Pfizer AB, the Governmental Grants for University Hospital Research (ALF), the R&D Department, County of Halland, and the Foundation Växthuset for children.
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| 11195. |
- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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The Specific Pubertal Height Gain is Higher in Boys as Well as in Children with Lower BMISDS
- 2016
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Growth in height during puberty can be described by the QEPS-model as a combination of continuous basal growth, QES, and a specific pubertal growth function, P. Objective and hypotheses: To study the relationship between childhood BMISDS and the prepubertal gain and pubertal gain related to growth functions from the QEPS-model. Method: The longitudinally followed GrowUpGothenburg 1990 birth cohort, was analyzed, by the QEPS-model. Individual maximal BMISDS values, from 3.5–8.0 years of age (n=1901) were calculated for linear and subgroup analyses, underweight (blue cross), normal (blue open circles), overweight (red open circles), obese (red circles). Results: For girls (Figure left), total pubertal gain (Tpubgain) depended more on QESgain during puberty. For boys, total pubertal gain depended more on specific Pgain (Figure right). With higher BMISDS this balance was shifted towards less Pgain for both girls and boys. Before puberty, children with higher BMISDS were taller, expressed as higher QESgain, with a linear correlation over the whole BMI–range (P<0.001for both girls/ boys). Conclusion: During puberty, girls grew more due to the QES than the P functions, with opposite findings in boys. For both boys and girls, there were less Pgain and more QES- gain with higher childhood BMISDS. Before puberty, children with higher BMISDS were taller.
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| 11196. |
- Holmgren, Helen, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Variation Theory as Teaching Method in Introductory Accounting Courses - Effects on Student Learning
- 2017
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Ingår i: 40th Annual Congress of the European Accounting Association 2017. 10-12 May 2017, Valencia, Spain..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we study effects on student learning from a systematic use of variation theory in the structure of lectures. We study three introductory financial accounting courses in the 2015-16 academic year. Students are randomly assigned to groups, where the treatment group is exposed to a lecture based on variation theory, and the control group is exposed to a traditional lecture. We measure student understanding both before and after the course, using both essay questions and multiple choice questions. The understanding that we focus on is the link between balance sheet measurement and net income, and the relation to stakeholder incentives and interests. We hypothesize and find that students in the treatment group have a better understanding of financial accounting. We also note that essay questions are more effective than multiple choice questions in measuring understanding. In addition, it may be important to consider pre-study experience of accounting (e.g. through work experience), as this has a substantial impact on the level of understanding.
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| 11197. |
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| 11198. |
- Holmgren, Kristina, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Can early identification of work-related stress predict sick-leave in women with physical or mental disorders?
- 2012
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Ingår i: 9th COTEC Congress of Occupational Therapy (Oral presentation), Stockholm 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Work-related stress and sick-leave are high in Sweden in relation to several comparable European countries. Aim: To analyse if work-related stress served to predict sick-leave in a population of employed women who saw a doctor at primary health care centres. Methods: The Work Stress Questionnaire (WSQ) was used in a baseline postal questionnaire data collection in 2008 with a follow-up in 2009. Results: The combination of high perceived stress owing to indistinct organization and conflicts, and owing to high demands and commitment predicted a 3 to 4 times higher risk of becoming sick-listed 8 days or longer. Conclusions: The WSQ seemed to be useful in identifying a group of women with a high risk of future sick-leave. Thus, it can be recommended as a tool in the Primary Health Care field for identifying women with the need for preventive measures decreasing the risk for sick-leave due to work-related stress.
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| 11199. |
- Holmgren, Kristina, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Confidence in public institutions – a focus group study on views
- 2014
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Ingår i: Eur J Public Health. ; 24:suppl 2
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Public confidence in the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (SSIA) has declined considerably during the last years, and today this is one of the least trusted public institutions among the Swedish general public. The SSIA is the public institution which administers the health insurance, and accordingly it is important that both the people in need of the benefit and the general public have confidence in this particular institution. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore how people with experience of health insurance perceive and describe their confidence in the SSIA. Method The focus group methodology was used. It has the form of group discussions and is suitable for picking up the views and experiences of a selected group. Eight groups (n=41) were conducted and each group met on one occasion. The majority (54%) had university education, was employed (58%) and held non-manual higher socio-economic positions (32%). There was a large variation when it comes to diagnoses, although most participants were sick-listed because of mental or musculoskeletal disorders. Results Four different themes, Paradigm Shift, Legal Rights, Reception and Vulnerability, emerged. The participants described a paradigm shift, where the SSIA was politically governed to bring down sickness absence. The legal rights of the individual were disregarded, with arbitrary assessment, and transparency was lacking in the contact with the SSIA. The reception of the individual by the SSIA affected confidence, and the personal contact with the officials was particularly influential in shaping the image of the SSIA as an institution. The participants also described vulnerability in relation to the SSIA. They felt mistrusted, which left a feeling of impotence that worsened their health. Still, this could also turn into a source for finding strategies to change their situation. Experiencing vulnerability left a strong impression and affected the participants’ confidence negatively. Conclusion This study shows that the vertical confidence, i.e. the confidence between individuals and a public institution is created by a paradigm shift in politics, uncertain legal rights, reception and vulnerability of the individual.
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| 11200. |
- Holmgren, Kristina, 1955
(författare)
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Does unbalanced gender composition at the work place influence
- 2012
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Ingår i: 5th European Public Health Conference (O), Malta, 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Earlier research has shown that bad psychosocial working conditions contribute to sick-leave. Some theorists argue that skewed gender composition can be one of the factors contributing to bad psychosocial working conditions. We examined whether workplace gender composition had an effect on the association between job strain and sick-leave. Method Associations were assessed using a case-control design with data from the Health Assets Project based in the Västra Götaland region, Sweden. Data was collected in 2008 and the study population consisted of 2,702 from a randomized general population cohort and 2,893 from an employed sick-listed cohort (n=5,595). Results Results indicated that there was an association between high strain jobs and sickness absence among both women (Adj. OR 2.04, CI95% 1.62-2.57) and men (2.24, 1.67-3.01). Furthermore, both women (2.87, 1.34-6.26) and men (2.53, 1.74-3-69) in male-dominated workplaces had the highest risk for sickness absence due to high strain jobs. Male-dominated workplaces were, in general adverse for both women and men. Conclusions The results indicated that a minority position strengthens job strain for women while it weakens the association for men. Using modern gender theories, we could argue that some of these results might be explained by the general use of masculinity as the social norm in the labor market. However, findings from this study need to be validated by further research.
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