| 1. |
- Björkman, Annica, et al.
(author)
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Giving advice to callers with mental illness : adaptation among telenurses at Swedish Healthcare Direct
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 14:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Our aim was to describe Swedish Healthcare Direct (SHD) and its features as a complex system.Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 SHD telenurses, covering their experiences and skills when encountering and advising callers with mental illness. Complexity science was used as an a priori theoretical framework to enhance understanding of the complex nature of telenursing.Results: SHD was described as a complex system as nurses were constantly interacting with other agents and agencies. During these interactions, dynamic processes were found between the agents in which the nurses adapted to every new situation. They were constantly aware of their impact on the care-seekers, and perceived their encounters with callers with psychiatric illness as "balancing on a thin line". SHD was also described as both an authority and a dumping ground. The openness of the system did not give the nurses possibility to control the number of incoming calls and the callers' intentions.Conclusions: These new insights into SHD have important implications for organization developers and nursing management in terms of overcoming linear thinking.
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| 2. |
- Björkman, Annica, et al.
(author)
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Increased Mental Illness and the Challenges This Brings for District Nurses in Primary Care Settings
- 2018
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In: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 39:12, s. 1023-1030
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Patients with mental illness generally make their initial healthcare contact via a registered nurse. Although studies show that encountering and providing care to care-seekers with mental illness might be a challenge, little research exists regarding Primary Care Nurses' (PCN) view of the challenges they face. The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore PCNs' reflections on encountering care-seekers with mental illness in primary healthcare settings. The results consist of three themes: constantly experiencing patients falling through the cracks, being restricted by lack of knowledge and resources, and establishing a trustful relationship to overcome taboo, shame, and guilt.
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| 3. |
- Björkman, Annica, et al.
(author)
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The bidirectional mistrust - callers’ online discussions about their experiences of using the national telephone advice service
- 2018
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In: Internet Research. - 1066-2243. ; 28:5, s. 1336-1350
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore and describe online communication about the experiencesand attitudes toward Swedish Healthcare Direct, a national telephone advice nursing (TAN) service.Design/methodology/approach – A descriptive research design was adopted using a six-step netnographicmethod. Three Swedish forums were purposefully selected and data from the virtual discussions were collected.Findings – Three themes emerged: expectancy and performativity of the nurses, absurdity in accessibilityand the scrutinizing game. The most prominent finding was the scrutinizing game, which included aspects ofbidirectional mistrust from both nurses and callers. Another salient finding was the attitudes that callers heldtoward nurses who used a technique interpreted as “passing the buck.”Research limitations/implications – The use of a nethnographic method is novel in this area of research.Consequently, the body of knowledge has regarding telephone advise nursing service has significantly beenbroadened. A limitation in this study is that demographic data for the posters are not available.Practical implications – Bidirectional distrust is an important issue that must be acknowledged by TANservices, since it might damage the service on a fundamental level. Healthcare providers, politicians, andresearchers should account for the power and availability of virtual discussions when seeking consumers’opinions and evaluating the quality of the care provided.Originality/value – This analysis of the ongoing discussions that take place on the internet provides insightinto callers’ perceptions of a national TAN service. The bidirectional mistrust found from both the nurses andthe callers might be a threat to callers’ compliance with the advice given and their care-seeking behavior.
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| 4. |
- Björkman, Annica, et al.
(author)
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When all other doors are closed : Telenurses' experiences of encountering care seekers with mental illnesses.
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1445-8330 .- 1447-0349. ; 27:5, s. 1392-1400
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to describe the telephone nurses' experiences of encountering callers with mental illnesses. Telenursing services are solely staffed with telenurses, who with the support of a decision support system (CDSS) independently triage callers based on the severity of the main symptoms presented by the care seeker. The system focuses on somatic symptoms, while information regarding mental health and mental illnesses is limited. Information about telenurses' experiences of encountering care seekers with mental illnesses is scarce, despite the increase in mental illnesses in the population. The study used a descriptive design with a qualitative approach. Twenty telenurses were interviewed, and the data were then analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis. The results are elaborated in the following three categories: (i) Experiences of encountering care seekers with mental illnesses; (ii) Experiences of facing difficulties and challenges; and (iii) Experiences of facing dissatisfaction and threats. Encountering care seekers with mental illnesses is metaphorically addressed as 'when all other doors are closed'. Encountering care seekers with mental illnesses was perceived as time-consuming and did not adequately correspond to the resources given by the service. Even though telenurses strive to achieve agreement, there is a collision between human needs and organizational structures. The study pinpoints the lack of resources for and education about mental illnesses and the limitations of the decision system, which needs to be updated in order to provide all care seekers care on equal terms.
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| 5. |
- Eklund, Rakel, et al.
(author)
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An integrative review of the literature on how eating disorders among adolescents affect the family as a system – complex structures and relational processes
- 2016
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In: Mental Health Review Journal. - 1361-9322 .- 2042-8758. ; 21:3, s. 213-230
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this literature review is to describe how eating disorders among adolescents affect family relationships and the family’s daily living conditions and to describe the family’s experienced need for professional support.Design/methodology/approachAn integrative literature review based on the method of Whittemore and Knafl. In all, 15 articles with both qualitative and quantitative approaches were reviewed.FindingsThe results are presented in two main themes: a disharmonic family and the need for input from healthcare professionals. The results are discussed using Callista Roy’s adaptation model and the adaptive modes: group identity mode, role function and interdependence.Originality/valueThis review paper will be of interest to clinical nurses and other professionals who encounter families to clarify how the relationships and roles change within the family. To the authors knowledge, no integrative review has paid attention to how the relational aspects of the family members, their social roles and role constructions within the family affect daily living.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Cyber nursing : Health 'experts' approaches in the post-modern era of virtual encounters
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 50:3, s. 335-344
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. The imperative to gather information online and to become an ‘expert’ by locating effective advice for oneself and others is a fairly new support phenomenon in relation to health advice. The creation of new positions for health ‘experts’ within the space of the Internet has been addressed as a cybernursing activity. A focused analysis of communication in health forums might give insight into the new roles that are available for healthexperts in cyberspace.Aim. The aim of this study is to describe approaches to being an ‘expert’ in lifestyle health choice forums on the Internet and to elaborate on the communicative performances that take place in the forums.Method. An archival and cross-sectional observational forum study was undertaken using principles for conducting ethnographic research online. 2640 pages of data from two health Internet forums were gathered and analyzed.Findings. The results reveal three distinctive types of experts that emerge in the forums: (1) those that build their expertise by creating a presence in the forum based on lengthy and frequent postings, (2) those who build a presence through reciprocal exchanges with individual posters with questions or concerns, and (3) those who build expertise around a “life long learning” perspective based on logic and reason.Discussion. The results suggest that experts not only co-exist in the forums, but more importantly they reinforce each others’ positions. This effect is central; alongside one another, the posts of the three types of experts we identify constitute a whole for those seeking the forum for advice and support. Users are provided with strong opinions and advice, support and Socratic reasoning, and a problem-oriented approach. The Internet is now an integral part of everyday living, not least of which among those who seek and offer support in cyberspace. As such, cyber nursing has become an important activity to monitor, and formal health care professionals and nursing researchers must stay abreast of developments.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Cyber nursing : a conceptual framework
- 2016
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In: Journal of Research in Nursing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1744-9871 .- 1744-988X. ; 21:7, s. 505-514
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There have been few attempts to express in words and conceptualise ‘the Internet’ and ‘health’ within a framework. The aim of this study was to present a conceptual framework concerning virtual self-care and online caring. The results show that the concepts of virtual communities, virtual self-care and torrenting frame these very specific interactions and environments and that the concepts of ‘keyboard cowboy’ ‘cyber aid’ and ‘health-interests trader’stipulate different ways in which to express expertise in cyber nursing. Alongside cyber bullying, cyber nursing is also present in virtual arenas. Nursing researchers need to explore and monitor cyber nursing activities using concepts developed within the field of nursing.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Future Challenges of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Nursing : What Can We Learn from Monsters in Popular Culture?
- 2016
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In: The Permanente Journal. - : The Permanente Press. - 1552-5767 .- 1552-5775. ; 20:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is highly likely that artificial intelligence (AI) will be implemented in nursing robotics in various forms, both in medical and surgical robotic instruments, but also as different types of droids and humanoids, physical reinforcements, and also animal/pet robots. Exploring and discussing AI and robotics in nursing and health care before these tools become commonplace is of great importance. We propose that monsters in popular culture might be studied with the hope of learning about situations and relationships that generate empathic capacities in their monstrous existences. The aim of the article is to introduce the theoretical framework and assumptions behind this idea. Both robots and monsters are posthuman creations. The knowledge we present here gives ideas about how nursing science can address the postmodern, technologic, and global world to come. Monsters therefore serve as an entrance to explore technologic innovations such as AI. Analyzing when and why monsters step out of character can provide important insights into the conceptualization of caring and nursing as a science, which is important for discussing these empathic protocols, as well as more general insight into human knowledge. The relationship between caring, monsters, robotics, and AI is not as farfetched as it might seem at first glance.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Nursing under the skin : a netnographic study of metaphors and meanings in nursing tattoos.
- 2014
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In: Nursing Inquiry. - : Wiley. - 1320-7881 .- 1440-1800. ; 21:4, s. 318-26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aims of this study were to present themes in nursing motifs as depicted in tattoos and to describe how it reflects upon nursing in popular culture as well as within professional nursing culture. An archival and cross-sectional observational study was conducted online to search for images of nursing tattoos that were freely available, by utilizing the netnographic methodology. The 400 images were analyzed in a process that consisted of four analytical steps focusing on metaphors and meanings in the tattoos. The findings present four themes: angels of mercy and domination; hegemonic nursing technology; embodying the corps; and nurses within the belly of the monster. The tattoos serve as a mirror of popular culture and the professional culture of nurses and nursing practice within the context of body art. Body art policy statements have been included in nursing personnel dress code policies. Usually these policies prohibit tattoos that are sexist, symbolize sex or could contribute and reproduce racial oppression. The results show that the tattoos can be interpreted according to several layers of meanings in relation to such policies. We therefore stress that this is an area highly relevant for further analyses in nursing research.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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The digital generation and nursing robotics : a netnographic study about nursing care robots posted on social media
- 2017
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In: Nursing Inquiry. - : Wiley. - 1320-7881 .- 1440-1800. ; 24:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to present the functionality and design of nursing care robots as depicted in pictures posted on social media. A netnographic study was conducted using social media postings over a period of 3 years. One hundred and Seventy-two images were analyzed using netnographic methodology. The findings show that nursing care robots exist in various designs and functionalities, all with a common denominator of supporting the care of one's own and others' health and/or well-being as a main function. The results also show that functionality and design are influenced by recent popular sci-fi/cartoon contexts as portrayed in blockbuster movies, for example. Robots'designs seem more influenced by popular sci-fi/cartoon culture than professional nursing culture. We therefore stress that it is relevant for nursing researchers to critically reflect upon the development of nursing care robots as a thoughtful discussion about embracing technology also might generate a range of epistemological possibilities when entering a postmodern era of science and practice.
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