| 303331. |
- Hatfield, Megan, et al.
(författare)
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Leaps of faith
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs. - : WILEY. - 1471-3802. ; 17:3, s. 187-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescents on the autism spectrum experience difficulty transitioning from secondary school to post-school activities, often due to transition planning processes that do not meet their unique needs. This study identified parents and professionals viewpoints on transition planning for adolescents on the autism spectrum. Interviews were completed with nine parents of adolescents on the autism spectrum and four professionals who worked with adolescents on the autism spectrum. A constant comparison approach was used to analyse the transcripts. Four themes were identified, reflecting parents and professionals viewpoints on how to meet the transition planning needs of adolescents on the autism spectrum. Supporting adolescents to grasp the big picture can enhance motivation to participate in transition planning. Autism can be an invisible disability; therefore, encouraging adolescents to be active participants and to be seen in transition planning ensures their individual needs are met. Encouraging adolescents to have high aspirations in transition planning develops their self-determination. Finally, to be prepared for the transition from school may reduce the adolescents anxiety. Adolescents on the autism spectrum face unique challenges in transition planning. The themes identified in this study provide insight into how parents and professionals might support adolescents with these challenges.
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| 303332. |
- Hatfield, Megan, et al.
(författare)
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Pilot of the BOOST-A™ : An online transition planning program for adolescents with autism
- 2017
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 64:6, s. 448-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many adolescents with autism face difficulties with the transition from high school into post-school activities. The Better OutcOmes & Successful Transitions for Autism (BOOST-A™) is an online transition planning program which supports adolescents on the autism spectrum to prepare for leaving school. This study describes the development of the BOOST-A™ and aimed to determine the feasibility and viability of the program.Methods: Two pilot studies were conducted. In Pilot A, the BOOST-A™ was trialled by six adolescents on the autism spectrum, their parents, and the professionals who worked with them, to determine its feasibility. In Pilot B, 88 allied health professionals (occupational therapists, speech pathologists, and psychologists) reviewed the BOOST-A™ to determine its viability.Results: Participants rated the BOOST-A™ as a feasible tool for transition planning. The majority of allied health professionals agreed that it was a viable program. Based on participant feedback, the BOOST-A™ was modified to improve usability and feasibility.Conclusion: The BOOST-A™ is a viable and feasible program that has the potential to assist adolescents with autism in preparing for transitioning out of high school. Future research will determine the effectiveness of the BOOST-A™ with adolescents across Australia.
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| 303333. |
- Hatfield, Megan, et al.
(författare)
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Process Evaluation of the BOOST-A (TM) Transition Planning Program for Adolescents on the Autism Spectrum: A Strengths-Based Approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 48:2, s. 377-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A process evaluation was conducted to determine the effectiveness, usability, and barriers and facilitators related to the Better OutcOmes amp; Successful Transitions for Autism (BOOST-A (TM)), an online transition planning program. Adolescents on the autism spectrum (n = 33) and their parents (n = 39) provided feedback via an online questionnaire. Of these, 13 participants were interviewed to gain in-depth information about their experiences. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: (i) taking action to overcome inertia, (ii) new insights that led to clear plans for the future, (iii) adolescent empowerment through strengths focus, and (iv) having a champion to guide the way. The process evaluation revealed why BOOST-A (TM) was beneficial to some participants more than others. Trial registration #ACTRN12615000119594.
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| 303334. |
- Hathaway, Cassandra A., et al.
(författare)
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Prolactin and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 30:9, s. 1652-1659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prolactin is synthesized in the ovaries and may play a role in ovarian cancer etiology. One prior prospective study observed a suggestive positive association between prolactin levels and risk of ovarian cancer.Methods: Weconducted a pooled case-control study of 703 cases and 864 matched controls nested within five prospective cohorts. We used unconditional logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between prolactin and ovarian cancer risk. We examined heterogeneity by menopausal status at blood collection, body mass index (BMI), age, and histotype.Results: Among women with known menopausal status, we observed a positive trend in the association between prolactin and ovarian cancer risk (Ptrend = 0.045; OR, quartile 4 vs. 1 = 1.34; 95% CI = 0.97–1.85), but no significant association was observed for premenopausal or postmenopausal women individually (corresponding OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.74–2.58; Ptrend = 0.32 and OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 0.93–2.13; Ptrend = 0.08, respectively; Pheterogeneity = 0.91). In stratified analyses, we observed a positive association between prolactin and risk for women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, but not BMI < 25 kg/m2 (corresponding OR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.56–4.59; Ptrend < 0.01 and OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.58–1.40; Ptrend = 0.98, respectively; Pheterogeneity < 0.01). Associations did not vary by age, postmenopausal hormone therapy use, histotype, or time between blood draw and diagnosis.Conclusions: We found a trend between higher prolactin levels and increased ovarian cancer risk, especially among women with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.Impact: This work supports a previous study linking higher prolactin with ovarian carcinogenesis in a high adiposity setting. Future work is needed to understand the mechanism underlying this association.
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| 303335. |
- Hathaway, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental crosses within European Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae): intraspecific differentiation, distance effects, and sex ratio
- 2009
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Botany. - 0008-4026. ; 87:3, s. 231-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dioecious weed Silene latifolia Poiret is thought to have spread northwards through Europe from separate southern source populations and shows a pronounced east–west pattern of differentiation in seed morphology. We used crossing experiments to investigate whether patterns of interfertility in S. latifolia are consistent with a scenario of ongoing speciation (reflected by outbreeding depression in crosses between the seed races), a scenario involving local inbreeding (reflected by heterosis in interpopulations crosses), or a combination of both scenarios. The experiments involved three western and three eastern populations, which were crossed reciprocally in all possible inter- and intra-population combinations. Inter-race cross-progenies did not have lower fitness than those from intra-racial crosses, and the results are not consistent with a scenario of incipient speciation. A pattern of overall heterosis was found in three variables, indicating the expression of inbreeding depression in progeny from intrapopulation crosses. For two fitness variables, negative relationships between interpopulation distance and heterosis, together with signs of outbreeding depression in the longest-distance crosses, suggest that there may be significant levels of genetic differentiation between geographically distant populations. The sex ratio was female-biased in most progenies, especially in those from the longest-distance crosses.
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| 303336. |
- Hathaway, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Geographically congruent large-scale patterns of plastid haplotype variation in the European herbs Silene dioica and S-latifolia (Caryophyllaceae)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. - 1095-8339. ; 161:2, s. 153-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The closely related dioecious herbs Silene latifolia and Silene dioica are widespread and predominantly sympatric in Europe. The species are interfertile, but morphologically and ecologically distinct. A study of large-scale patterns of plastid DNA (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) haplotypes in a sample of 198 populations from most of the European ranges of both species revealed extensive interspecific haplotype sharing. Four of the 28 detected haplotypes were frequent (found in > 40 populations) and widespread. Three of these frequent haplotypes occurred in both species and the geographic distribution of each haplotype was broadly congruent in both species. Each of these three, shared and widespread haplotypes is likely to have colonized central and/or northern Europe after the last glaciation from one or more of refugial areas in southern Europe. Interspecific hybridization and plastid introgression within refugial regions and/or during the early stages of postglacial expansion is the most plausible explanation for the broadly similar distribution patterns of the shared, frequent chloroplast haplotypes in the two species. The fourth frequent, widespread haplotype was absent from S. latifolia and almost entirely restricted to Nordic S. dioica. It is most likely that this haplotype spread into the Nordic countries from a central or northern European source or from a refugial area in Russia. (c) 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 161, 153-170.
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| 303337. |
- Hathazi, D., et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic shift underlies recovery in reversible infantile respiratory chain deficiency
- 2020
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Ingår i: Embo Journal. - : EMBO. - 0261-4189 .- 1460-2075. ; 39:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reversible infantile respiratory chain deficiency (RIRCD) is a rare mitochondrial myopathy leading to severe metabolic disturbances in infants, which recover spontaneously after 6-months of age. RIRCD is associated with the homoplasmic m.14674T>C mitochondrial DNA mutation; however, only similar to 1/100 carriers develop the disease. We studied 27 affected and 15 unaffected individuals from 19 families and found additional heterozygous mutations in nuclear genes interacting with mt-tRNAGlu including EARS2 and TRMU in the majority of affected individuals, but not in healthy carriers of m.14674T>C, supporting a digenic inheritance. Our transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of patient muscle suggests a stepwise mechanism where first, the integrated stress response associated with increased FGF21 and GDF15 expression enhances the metabolism modulated by serine biosynthesis, one carbon metabolism, TCA lipid oxidation and amino acid availability, while in the second step mTOR activation leads to increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Our data suggest that the spontaneous recovery in infants with digenic mutations may be modulated by the above described changes. Similar mechanisms may explain the variable penetrance and tissue specificity of other mtDNA mutations and highlight the potential role of amino acids in improving mitochondrial disease.
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| 303338. |
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| 303339. |
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| 303340. |
- Hatherell, S, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes of final-year dental students to bleaching of vital and non-vital teeth in Cardiff, Cork, and Malmö
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : Wiley. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 38:4, s. 263-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine attitudes of final-year dental students in Cardiff, Cork and Malmö towards tooth whitening. Following receipt of ethical approval, pre-piloted questionnaires were distributed to final-year dental students in Cork, Cardiff, and Malmö as close as possible to graduation. The questionnaire sought information relating to various opinions and attitudes towards the use of bleaching techniques including safety of bleaching, confidence in the provision of bleaching, recommendations to patients, teaching received, awareness of restrictions on the use of bleaching products and management of simulated clinical scenarios. Eighty three per cent (n = 116) of questionnaires were returned. Cork dental students had the most didactic teaching (2- h vital, 1- h non-vital bleaching) compared to Cardiff or Malmö students (0 h each). More Cork students regarded bleaching as safe (76%, n = 28) than Cardiff (70%, n = 32) or Malmö (36%, n = 12) students. More than 50% of Cork students feel they know enough about bleaching to provide it in practice, significantly more than Cardiff (<25%) or Malmö (<25%) students. The majority of students would provide vital bleaching after qualification (100% (n = 37) Cork; 82% (n = 27) Malmö; 76% (n = 35) Cardiff). In simulated clinical scenarios, more Cork students would propose bleaching treatments (89%n = 33) than Malmö (64%n = 21) or Cardiff (48%n = 22) students. Variations exist in the attitudes and approaches of three European dental schools towards bleaching. Dental students need to be best prepared to meet the needs of their future patients.
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