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2-(p-Hydroxybenzyl)indoles - Side Products Formed Upon Cleavage of Indole Derivatives from Carboxylated Wang Polymer - an NMR Study.
- 2003
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Ingår i: molecules. ; 8:10, s. 728-734
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of carboxylated Wang polymer attached to a 2-unsubstituted indole derivative with a trifluoroacetic acid based mixture resulted in a side reaction: p-hydroxybenzylation at the 2-position of the indole ring. The structure of the resulting N-3- aminopropyl)-N-benzyl-4-[2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-butyramide trifluoroacetate was ascertained by a full assignment of its 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra. The side reaction could be suppressed by the use of 1,2-ethanedithiol in high concentrations (16 %).
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7th International Workshop on Automotive System/Software Architecture (WASA 2021)
- 2021
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This volume contains the papers presented at the 7th International Workshop on Automotive System/Software Architecture (WASA 2021) held on March 22, 2021, in Stuttgart, Germany. WASA was organized as part of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA 2021), the premier software architecture conference. Due to the worldwide SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the main conference and the workshop were hosted virtually.
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- A. Bateki, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Of milk and mobiles: Assessing the potential of cellphone applications to reduce cattle milk yield gaps in Africa using a case study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1699. ; 191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are growing expectations that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) applications could help improve on-farm yields amongst smallholder farmers in developing countries, and consequently, food and nutrition security. However, few studies have quantified the actual contribution of ICT applications on farmers’ yields, and these studies predominantly focused on crop production. We assessed the potential of ICT applications to close milk yield gaps among small- and medium scale dairy cattle farmers in Africa. First, we developed a theoretical framework summarizing biophysical and socio-economic constraints that foster milk yield gaps and discussed which constraints can be addressed using ICT applications. Second, using a case study of a feeding advice application for dairy cattle pre-tested with farmers in rural Kenya, we analyzed how much stand-alone the application could contribute to close dairy cattle milk yield gaps. Our findings suggest that ICT applications could help address some existing biophysical and socio-economic constraints fostering milk yield gaps, including data collection for breeding programs, feeding management advice, and facilitating access to markets and capital. Our stand-alone ICT application closed yield gaps by 2 % to 6 % on representative farms. Several factors may explain the limited actual contribution of selected ICT applications to reduce existing milk yield gaps, including the quality of the input data and models used in ICT applications, and more structural constraints that cannot be addressed by digital tools. Therefore, although ICT applications could help address constraints to achieving higher milk yields on dairy farms, a significant contribution to improve yields may only be achieved when conditions surrounding their use are adequate.
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