| 11. |
- Nooijen, Carla F., et al.
(författare)
-
Effectiveness of interventions on physical activity in overweight or obese children : a systematic review and meta-analysis including studies with objectively measured outcomes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Obesity Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1467-7881 .- 1467-789X. ; 18:2, s. 195-213
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is no consensus on interventions to be recommended in order to promote physical activity among overweight or obese children. The objective of this review was to assess the effects on objectively measured physical activity, of interventions promoting physical activity among overweight or obese children or adolescents, compared to no intervention or to interventions without a physical activity component. Publications up to December 2015 were located through electronic searches for randomized controlled trials resulting in inclusion of 33 studies. Standardized mean differences from baseline to post-intervention and to long-term follow-up were determined for intervention and control groups and meta-analysed using random effects models. The meta-analysis showed that interventions had no effect on total physical activity of overweight and obese children, neither directly post-intervention (-0.02 [-0.15, 0.11]) nor at long-term follow-up (0.07 [-0.27, 0.40]). Separate analyses by typology of intervention (with or without physical fitness, behavioural or environmental components) showed similar results (no effect). In conclusion, there is no evidence that currently available interventions are able to increase physical activity among overweight or obese children. This questions the contribution of physical activity to the treatment of overweight and obesity in children in the studied interventions and calls for other treatment strategies.
|
|
| 12. |
- Siegel, Aki
(författare)
-
Social epistemics for analyzing longitudinal language learner development
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Applied Linguistics. - Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons. - 0802-6106 .- 1473-4192. ; 25:1, s. 83-104
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on the notion of epistemic stance (Heritage 2013) and utilizing the analytical framework of Conversation Analysis, this study investigates the development of language learner identity from a longitudinal socio‐interactional perspective and suggests an alternative perspective in analyzing L2 development. English as a lingua‐franca interactions at a university dormitory in Japan were collected across 22 months between two participants with different L1s. Through the analysis of word search sequences, participants were found utilizing and managing claim of rights to the knowledge of language in constructing language expert or novice identities. Furthermore, these sequentially contingent positions were found negotiable and changeable, displaying learner identity and development as a co‐constructed phenomenon. This study suggests social epistemics and identity as a framework for analyzing language learner development.
|
|
| 13. |
- Singh, Tania, et al.
(författare)
-
Loss of MafA and MafB expression promotes islet inflammation.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maf transcription factors are critical regulators of beta-cell function. We have previously shown that reduced MafA expression in human and mouse islets is associated with a pro-inflammatory gene signature. Here, we investigate if the loss of Maf transcription factors induced autoimmune processes in the pancreas. Transcriptomics analysis showed expression of pro-inflammatory as well as immune cell marker genes. However, clusters of CD4+ T and B220+ B cells were associated primarily with adult MafA-/-MafB+/-, but not MafA-/- islets. MafA expression was detected in the thymus, lymph nodes and bone marrow suggesting a novel role of MafA in regulating immune-cell function. Analysis of pancreatic lymph node cells showed activation of CD4+ T cells, but lack of CD8+ T cell activation which also coincided with an enrichment of naïve CD8+ T cells. Further analysis of T cell marker genes revealed a reduction of T cell receptor signaling gene expression in CD8, but not in CD4+ T cells, which was accompanied with a defect in early T cell receptor signaling in mutant CD8+ T cells. These results suggest that loss of MafA impairs both beta- and T cell function affecting the balance of peripheral immune responses against islet autoantigens, resulting in local inflammation in pancreatic islets.
|
|
| 14. |
- Singh, Tania, et al.
(författare)
-
MafA expression preserves immune homeostasis in human and mouse islets
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Genes. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4425. ; 9:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes are triggered by a combination of environmental and/or genetic factors. Maf transcription factors regulate pancreatic beta (β)-cell function, and have also been implicated in the regulation of immunomodulatory cytokines like interferon-β (IFNβ1). In this study, we assessed MAFA and MAFB co-expression with pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling genes in RNA-seq data from human pancreatic islets. Interestingly, MAFA expression was strongly negatively correlated with cytokine-induced signaling (such as IFNAR1, DDX58) and T1D susceptibility genes (IFIH1), whereas correlation of these genes with MAFB was weaker. In order to evaluate if the loss of MafA altered the immune status of islets, MafA deficient mouse islets (MafA−/−) were assessed for inherent anti-viral response and susceptibility to enterovirus infection. MafA deficient mouse islets had elevated basal levels of Ifnβ1, Rig1 (DDX58 in humans), and Mda5 (IFIH1) which resulted in reduced virus propagation in response to coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. Moreover, an acute knockdown of MafA in β-cell lines also enhanced Rig1 and Mda5 protein levels. Our results suggest that precise regulation of MAFA levels is critical for islet cell-specific cytokine production, which is a critical parameter for the inflammatory status of pancreatic islets.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- van der Wens, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Integrating arsenic in water safety planning in the Netherlands
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Environmental Arsenic in a ChangingWorld - 7th International Congress and Exhibition Arsenic in the Environment, 2018. - London : CRC Press/Balkema. - 9781138486096 ; , s. 618-619
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Dutch drinking water sector complies with the most restrictive guidelines in the world and has a long-standing history of striving for excellence in water quality standards. The Dutch Association of Drinking Water Companies (Vewin) concluded in 2015 to lower the standard on arsenic in drinking water to 1 µg L−1. Following the new recommendation Brabant Water, a major water supply company in The Netherlands developed its masterplan on arsenic reduction by analysing the presence of arsenic in the systems from source to tap. Several measures were put in place to integrate arsenic into water safety planning in order to manage the risks. The underlying cost-benefit study and its implication on water safety planning at Brabant Water is discussed in this presentation.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Al Zaidi, Nezar, et al.
(författare)
-
Alternative site for the placement of totally implantable vascular access device (TIVAD). A case report of two successful TIVAD implantations in the thigh after femoral vein catheterization
- 2015
-
Ingår i: ; , s. 163-163
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) have improved the quality of life for seriously ill and cancer patients. These devices represent a convenient option when long-term venous access is indicated. The Subclavian and Internal Jugular Veins are the vessels of choice for catheterization [1]. However, if it is not possible to catheterize them, an alternative vein should be sought for [2]. Femoral vein can be used in such cases [3].Clinical problem: In 2 cases, it was not possible to catheterise any vein ending in the Superior Vena Cava and implant a TIVAD in the chest wall, although this was very necessary for them. Femoral vein was chosen despite higher risk of complications.Case 1: A 47 years old female with a metastatic breast cancer and infected ulcerations of the anterior chest wall. Veins in both arms were occluded. Her implanted TIVAD could not be used. Case 2: A 44 years old female who had a newly diagnosed lung cancer and Superior Vena Cava Syndrome. She was treated by a high-dose anti-coagulants.Surgical intervention: The catheter was inserted in the left femoral vein using ultrasound-guided percutaneous technique. After making a small incision, PORT-A-CATH® II POWER P.A.C. single-lumen standard port was implanted subcutaneously in the anterior surface of the left thigh. Verification of the catheter’s tip intra-operatively was difficult in Case 1 due to fluoroscopy problems. Prior consideration of the required instruments prevented the occurrence of a similar problem in Case 2. We performed these operations in the University Hospital of Norrland in Sweden in 2013.Follow-up: Apart from later adjustment of the catheter positioning in Case 1, we did not get any complications or problems with the use of the TIVAD. Frequent flushing of the device was recommended. Patients’ and staff’s satisfaction were good. Conclusion: Placement of TIVAD in the thigh is to be considered when the veins of the neck and upper arm are not accessible or the area on the chest wall is not appropriate for implanting the device. Experience improves with more cases.References: 1- Di Carlo I, Toro A. Choice of venous sites. Surgical Implant/technique. Springer-Verlag, Italia, 2011;43-54. 2- Toro A, Mannino M, Cappello G et al. Totally implanted venous access devices implanted in saphenous vein. Relation between the reservoir site and comfort/discomfort of the patient. Ann Vasc Surg 2012;26(8):1127.e9-1127.e13. 3- Chen SY, Lin CH, Chang HM, Hsu HM, Yu JC. A safe and effective method to implant a totally implantable access port in patients with synchronous bilateral mastectomies: modified femoral vein approach. J Surg Oncol 2008;98(3):197-199.
|
|
| 19. |
- Al-Zaidi, Zinah, et al.
(författare)
-
A mobile app as support for pelvic floor muscle training started prior to radical prostatectomy
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BJUI Compass. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2688-4526. ; 4:1, s. 114-122
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of a mobile app to support pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) started prior to radical prostatectomy (RP).Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study conducted in Sweden from June 2018 to February 2021 including men for whom RP was planned within 12 months. Users responded anonymously to questionnaires at baseline, 1 and 3 months. Our primary aim was to evaluate if the app could facilitate PFMT and increase confidence in performing pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contractions correctly. Our second aim was to describe the change in urinary incontinence (UI) after RP, based on the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF).Results: Of the 3043 users at baseline, 388 met the primary inclusion criteria. Of those, 71 (18.3%) were incontinent, predominantly with slight symptoms. The most common type was urge UI, 39/71 (54.9%). Of the 388 users, 159 (41.0%) answered the questionnaire at 1 month, and 131 (33.7%) at 3 months within 89–135 days. Of those 131, 127 (96.9%) indicated that the app facilitated their training ‘a lot’ or ‘somewhat’. Confidence in performing PFM contractions correctly increased from 39.7% at baseline to 74.0% at 1 month and 87.8% at 3 months (p < 0.001). At baseline, 19.8% performed PFM contractions at least daily, which increased to 74.0% at 1 month and 77.9% at 3 months (p < 0.001). At 3 months, 115/131 (87.8%) had undergone RP, 93.6% of which were robot-assisted. Of the 115, 103 (89.6%) were incontinent, and stress UI dominated. The mean ICIQ-UI SF score increased from 1.2 (2.4 SD) at baseline to 9.6 (5.2 SD), p < 0.001, after surgery.Conclusions: The mobile app facilitated pelvic floor muscle training for men who were planned to undergo radical prostatectomy and used the app.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
