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- Ejermo, Olof
(författare)
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Perspectives on regional and industrial dynamics of innovation
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of five essays in the field of innovation economics, with an introductory chapter. The focus is mainly empirical with four of the five chapters consisting of studies of aspects of Swedish innovation activity. These empirical chapters are an endeavor to quantify aspects of the effects of the public-good property of knowledge. To this effect, innovation indicators were collected regarding industrial and firm research and development (R&D); regional indicators were collected using business and university R&D and records of patent applications and granted patents assigned to Swedish regions using the residential location of inventors.The first essay studies the productive effect (total factor productivity) of R&D on Swedish firms and the effect that R&D can be expected to have on other firms. The second essay analyzes, with corporate groups as the unit of observation, the effect of accessibility to R&D in universities, and in other groups’ R&D on the innovative capability of the individual group. The third essay tries to characterize the extent to which Swedish regions are specialized or diverse. This is summarized in a single variable which is used to test the effect on innovative activity as measured by the number of patent applications. The fourth essay, the theoretical study of the thesis, constructs a two-region model with two firms residing in each. The incentives for doing process R&D are worked out by agglomerating consumers in one of the regions, and by changing interregional accessibility. The sixth essay studies Swedish inventor networks and regional affinity based on networks.
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- Johansson, Börje, et al.
(författare)
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Process Innovations in a Duopoly with Two regions
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Most models of duopolies with a spatial dimension refer to the ’linear’ or ’circular’ city. Moreover, in duopoly models with innovations, the spatial dimension is usually dropped. We bridge this gap by constructing a model with two regions, each hosting production of a differentiated quality (high and low quality). In addition, consumers are heterogenous with different willingness to pay for quality. The analysis focuses on the incentives for process innovations, which affect the unit cost of production. The model captures two common trends in the urbanization process, and their effects on the incentive for process innovations. The first is regional enlargement or reduced transport costs. We find that such changes raise the proportion of process R&D in the region producing the low-quality good relative to process R&D from the high-quality region. Second, we examine the effect on optimal process R&D of moving consumers from the low-quality to the high-quality region. This lowers the optimal amount of process R&D undertaken in the low-quality region, while it is raised in the high-quality region.
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