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Sökning: WFRF:(Akselsson Roland)

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  • Akselsson, Roland, et al. (författare)
  • Particle Size Distribution and Human Respiratory Deposition of Trace Metals in Indoor Work Environments
  • 1976
  • Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1475-3162. ; 19:3-4, s. 225-238
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Respiratory response to inhalation of fine particles has been investigated for the aerosol generated by welding. Particles were sampled using a pair of 5-stage cascade impactors operating at 1 l./min flow rate. The subject exhaled into one impactor through an air ballast arrangement, and the other impactor simultaneously sampled the surrounding air. Particle size fractions were analyzed for principal elemental constituents from sulphur to lead using proton induced X-ray emission, PIXE. The results indicated a complex respiratory response, including both increase in particle size due to exposure to high humidity in the respiratory tract and deposition of particles during inhalation. The response was found to be different for the element group Mn, Cr, Fe, Ni compared to the group K, Ca, Ti by observing the associations among the elements as a function of particle size in the inhaled and exhaled aerosol. However, for respiratory deposition efficiency alone in all runs averaged together, no systematic differences between the different elements are demonstrated at the 99 % confidence level.
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55.
  • Akselsson, Roland, et al. (författare)
  • PIXE Analysis Research in Lund
  • 1979
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - 0018-9499. ; NS-26:1, s. 1358-1362
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Protons or a-particles from a 3 MV tandem Pelletron are used to induce characteristic x-rays, which are detected by a Si(Li)-detector. To optimize the quality and speed of data taking we use an absorber with a hole, pile-up rejection and on-demand beam. Forty samples may be entered simultaneously into the vacuum, and their positioning is operated by pushbuttons. The system is prepared for minicomputer steering. PIXE is combined with analysis of backscattered particles and in some cases γ-ray detection from a 19F(p,αγ) 160-reaction. At different stages of development we have a bent-chrystal spectrometer, microbeam and facilities to extract the beam from vacuum. In the introduction of PIXE to applied fields, it is important, that physicists take part in identifying, planning and performing suitable projects e.g. experiments where rapid multielemental analysis of many samples is crucial. In Lund we investigate the elemental composition of size-fractionated airborne particles from work environments and ambient air. The objectives are then to learn about sources, transport and deposition of particles and to contribute to the understanding of relations between exposure and health effects. We are also developing procedures for trace elemental analysis of water. Detection limits in the range of 0.1 ppb have been demonstrated. In other projects in progress biological and mineralogical samples are analysed.
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56.
  • Akselsson, Roland (författare)
  • PIXE in 1980: Summary of the Second International Conference on Particle Induced X-Ray Emission and its Analytical Applications
  • 1981
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - 0018-9499. ; NS-28:2, s. 1369-1373
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Second International Conference on Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and its analytical applications was held in Lund, Sweden, June 9-12, 1980. About a hundred papers were presented, including seven invited talks (PIXE and particle scattering, microbeam analysis (2), applications to aerosols (2) and biological samples (2)). The main impression left by the conference was that both the PIXE method and its applications are in a phase of fast development. Considerable effort has successfully been devoted to optimizing the basic PIXE technique. Also the great advantage of simultaneously getting information about lighter elements and sample mass was reported to have been successfully employed in routine analyses. PIXE, which was initially considered to be a method mainly for thin samples, has also been shown to be competitive for a variety of thick samples. Consequently there were several papers dealing with problems characteristic of thick sample analysis. In this context, external beam analysis was also thoroughly discussed. Charged particle microprobes seem to be very attractive and several investigators reported progress on microprobe development and very interesting results of applied work. It is gratifying to note the increasing interest shown by non-physicists in using PIXE. These activities have greatly contributed to the fact that PIXE has now in a few areas left the phase of feasibility tests. E.g. an imposing amount of data from aerosol studies was presented. With the PIXE method, it is feasible to perform series of measurements over a long period of time, many samples in parallel and/or samples from sites of poor accessibility. However, the advantages of PIXE may be further exploited in aerosol investigations and some promising lines of sampler development were reported. Sample preparation techniques are crucial for applications to biological samples and several laboratories are engaged in such developmental work,. However, it was also evident that PIXE us already giving significant contributions to research in biology and medicine.
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