| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Andersson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
-
Large Housing Estates in Sweden. Overview of developments and problems in Jönköping and Stockholm
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- All over Europe massive numbers of people live in large-scale housing estates built after the Second World War. The estates were carefully planned, but now often manifest a mulitude af problems. They house large numbers of low-income households, the unemployment rates are above average and in some countries they have become concentration areas for ethnic minorities. Many estates are becoming increasingly associated with crime and social exclusion. The circumstances on the estates and policy initiatives associated with these are focus of the RESTATE-project. RESTATE is the acronym for Restructuring Large-scale Housing Estates in European Cities: Good Practices and New Visions for Sustainable Neighbourhoods and Cities. The study draws on estates in ten European countries: France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The present report deals specifically with large housing estates in two cities in Sweden: Jönköping och Stockholm. The basic questions are about physical structure, demographic-, economic- and socio-cultural developments. The same kind of information for estates in other countries in the RESTATE-project can be found in the parallel reports
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Backvall, Karin
(författare)
-
Constructing the Suburb : Swedish Discourses of Spatial Stigmatisation
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- By exploring representations of place, this thesis treats practices of spatial stigmatisation in the context of segregated Swedish cities. In three papers, different aspects of stigmatisation and place-making are discussed and analysed, where the overarching ambition is to identify and critically deconstruct the ideology behind stigma as well as suggest ways of making representation positive. In other words, this thesis takes issue with the negative labels attached to certain urban areas by exploring dominant discursive trends and mechanisms, or techniques, of creating spatial stigma.Theoretically, the analysis is informed by postcolonial critical research on segregation and representations of people and place, where place-making is of particular importance. The case study consists of printed news media and political discourse concerning stigmatised urban areas in Sweden, and the method is inspired by critical discourse analysis.The empirical material covers a period of twenty years, and the analysis is particularly focused on constructions of ‘race’ and poverty and how these two dimensions intertwine. The main findings point to a dominant trend of representing stigmatised neighbourhoods as failed and miserable places that are not considered part of Sweden. They become racialised both through representations of the neighbourhoods as foreign and unintegrated places and through representations of the residents, usually categorised as the ‘immigrants’, as culturally different from ‘Swedes’. There are signs of a more critical discourse which challenges the negative representations, but it remains weak compared to the predominance of the negative reporting.
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| 46. |
- Bendazzoli, Simone, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic rat brain segmentation from MRI using statistical shape models and random forest
- 2019
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Ingår i: MEDICAL IMAGING 2019. - : SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. - 9781510625464 - 9781510625457
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In MRI neuroimaging, the shimming procedure is used before image acquisition to correct for inhomogeneity of the static magnetic field within the brain. To correctly adjust the field, the brain's location and edges must first be identified from quickly-acquired low resolution data. This process is currently carried out manually by an operator, which can be time-consuming and not always accurate. In this work, we implement a quick and automatic technique for brain segmentation to be potentially used during the shimming. Our method is based on two main steps. First, a random forest classifier is used to get a preliminary segmentation from an input MRI image. Subsequently, a statistical shape model of the brain, which was previously generated from ground-truth segmentations, is fitted to the output of the classifier to obtain a model-based segmentation mask. In this way, a-priori knowledge on the brain's shape is included in the segmentation pipeline. The proposed methodology was tested on low resolution images of rat brains and further validated on rabbit brain images of higher resolution. Our results suggest that the present method is promising for the desired purpose in terms of time efficiency, segmentation accuracy and repeatability. Moreover, the use of shape modeling was shown to be particularly useful when handling low-resolution data, which could lead to erroneous classifications when using only machine learning-based methods.
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| 47. |
- Bengtsson, Åsa, 1967-
(författare)
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Nyktra kvinnor : Folkbildare, företagare och politiska aktörer. Vita Bandet 1900-1930
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis the female Christian temperance union the White Ribbon is in focus. The White Ribbon was founded in Stockholm in 1900 and it was part of the international organization World’s Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WWCTU). The organization’s ambition was to create a temperate and moral society, running a variety of philanthropic institutions and adult education, as well as non-alcohol serving restaurants.The aim of the thesis is to study the White Ribbon’s social and political commitment and its ideological approach during the first three decades of the 20th century. The White Ribboners’ ideological approach and culture are problematized in relation to the prevailing and predominant view on women. The organization’s monthly journal has been closely studied and the ideas and practical social and political commitment have been analyzed in a theoretical perspective of social movement theory, according to the Swedish sociologist Håkan Thörn’s methodological framework. This theoretical approach is an instrument to analyze what the White Ribbon identified to be social problems; what was considered to be the reasons for these problems; and what strategy the organization regarded to be the best way to deal with them in order to reach the prognosticated change.The analysis shows that the White Ribbon identified the predominant gender system and the bourgeois view on women as a primary social problem. The organization’s strategy was to eliminate the patriarchal order of the gender system and to change the attitude of people through adult education, information and persuasion. The White Ribbon participated in public debate pursuing temperance and women’s suffrage, and was a lobbyist proposing motions and demanding legislative reforms. The White Ribbon’s ideological approach, as well as their philanthropic activities emanated from a bourgeois ideal of conscientiousness and cultivation, and from an interest in social politics. This was in contrast to the bourgeois view of what the ideal woman should do. From the White Ribboners’ point of view, society could only prosper when women had the same rights as men, and could participate the public sphere and become involved in politics.The study shows that the organization worked hard for equality and democracy, pursuing a feminist and liberal ideology. The White Ribboners regarded themselves, and also acted, as political agents. They introduced and increased women’s possibilities for adult education. They initiated and provided social protection for alcohol addicted women, and for poor and fallen women and girls. These activities must be seen as forms of enterprises and the White Ribboners as entrepreneurs, since these institutions were, in fact, innovations and models for solving problems in order to build a welfare system and to create a temperate and prosperous society. The thesis put forward arguments that the White Ribbon’s social and political work are political innovations and important elements in the process of democratization and, therefore, played an important part in this process.
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| 48. |
- Bergström, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Miljöbedömning och miljöbeskrivning i väg- och järnvägsprojekt : Vägledning
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna vägledning förmedlar Trafikverkets syn på hur de båda processerna miljöbedömning och miljöbeskrivning bör tillämpas i planläggning och projektering av väg- och järnvägsprojekt, med utgångspunkt från lagkrav, praxis och Trafikverkets erfarenheter. Den tar även upp innehållet i de båda dokumenten miljökonsekvensbeskrivning och miljöbeskrivning som kommer ut av de båda processerna. Vägledningen syftar till att bidra till integrering av miljöaspekter i planläggning och projektering av vägar och järnvägar samt till en god kvalitet på genomförande och redovisning. Den syftar även till att miljöbedömningar och miljöbeskrivningar ska genomföras på ett likartat sätt i hela Trafikverket och få en jämn kvalitet. Vägledningen riktar sig främst till Trafikverkets konsulter och egna miljöspecialister som gör miljöbedömningar och miljöbeskrivningar i Trafikverkets väg- och järnvägsprojekt. Vägledningen ersätter Trafikverkets Handbok om metodik för miljökonsekvensbeskrivning för vägar och järnvägar (Trafikverket 2011:090). Den ersätter också texter om MKB och miljöbeskrivning i Trafikverkets Rapport planläggning av vägar och järnvägar. Vägledningen innehåller bland annat:relevant lagstiftning och målbeskrivning om hur miljö integreras samt miljöbedömningens roll och moment i planläggningens olika skedensamråd, samrådsunderlag, utredning om betydande miljöpåverkan och miljökonsekvensbeskrivningens (MKB) innehåll Trafikverkets syn på hantering av miljöaspekter, behov av att koppla dessa till miljöintressen för vilka konsekvenser beskrivs
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| 49. |
- Bernberg, Evelina, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of social isolation and environmental enrichment on atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice
- 2008
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Ingår i: Stress. - 1607-8888 .- 1025-3890. ; 11:5, s. 381-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social support and a stimulating environment have been suggested to reduce stress reactions and cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to assess the role of environmental enrichment and social interaction for development of atherosclerosis in atherosclerosis prone mice. Male ApoE-/- mice were divided into four groups and followed during 20 weeks: (i) enriched environment (E, n=12), (ii) deprived environment (ED, n=12), (iii) enriched environment with exercise (E-Ex, n=12) and (iv) socially deprived by individual housing (SD, n=10). Plasma lipid and cytokine concentrations were measured. Atherosclerosis was quantified in cross-sections of innominate artery and en face in thoracic aorta. Plaque area was significantly increased in SD mice in the innominate artery (P<0.05 vs. all other groups), but not in the thoracic aorta. Plasma lipids were increased in SD mice (P<0.001 vs. all for total cholesterol, P<0.05 vs. E and P<0.01 vs. ED for triglycerides). Plasma concentration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was decreased in SD mice compared to E mice (P<0.05). Thus, social isolation increased atherosclerosis and plasma lipids in ApoE-/- mice. Reduction in plasma G-CSF levels may hamper endothelial regeneration in the atherosclerotic process. While environmental enrichment did not affect atherosclerosis, social isolation accelerated atherosclerosis.
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| 50. |
- Bernberg, Evelina, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Repeated exposure to stressors do not accelerate atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 204:1, s. 90-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychosocial stress is suggested to play a significant role in development of cardiovascular disease. To evaluate the effects of repeated exposure to stress on atherosclerosis in atherosclerosis-prone ApoE(-/-) mice we used five different stressors. We further sought to determine whether stress combined with high salt diet induces dysfunctional neurohormonal regulation and impaired salt excretion, thus amplifying the atherogenic potential of salt. The five stressors were evaluated in male C57BL/6 mice and ApoE(-/-) mice (studies I and II) and then used in female ApoE(-/-) mice to study their effect on atherosclerosis (study III). The mice in study III received standard or high salt diet (8%) alone or in combination with stress for 12 weeks. Urine and plasma were collected for corticosterone and lipid analysis, respectively. Acute blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses to stress were measured using telemetry. Plaque burden was assessed in the thoracic aorta and aortic root. Plaque morphology was investigated regarding macrophages and collagen content. Urinary corticosterone chronically increased in stressed mice (P<0.05 control vs. stress, P<0.05 control salt vs. stress salt). BP and HR increased acutely during all stressors (P<0.05). Body weight gain decreased significantly in the stress group (P<0.05 vs. control). However, stress did not alter plasma lipid levels, plaque area or plaque morphology. Increased BP and HR suggest an acute stress-related response in ApoE(-/-) mice. Furthermore, stress chronically decreased body weight gain and increased urinary corticosterone levels. Notably, despite an apparent stress effect, stress affected neither atherogenesis nor plaque morphology.
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