| 1131. |
- Jacobson, JM, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple rapid automatic naming measures of cognition: Normal performance and effects of aging
- 2004
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Ingår i: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 98:3, s. 739-753
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid automatic naming tasks are clinical tools for probing brain functions that underlie normal cognition. To compare performance for various stimuli in normal subjects and assess the effect of aging, we administered six single-dimension stimuli (color, form, number, letter, animal, and object) and five dual-dimension stimuli (color-form, color-number, color-letter, color-animal, and color-object) to 144 normal volunteers who ranged in age from 15 to 85 years. Rapid automatic naming times for letters and numbers were significantly less than for forms, animals, and objects. Rapid automatic naming times for color-number and color-letter stimuli were significantly less than for color-form, color-animal, or color-object stimuli. Age correlated significantly with rapid automatic naming time for each single-dimension stimulus and for color-form, color-number, color-animal, and color-object stimuli. Linear regression showed that rapid automatic naming times increased with age for aggregated color stimuli, aggregated single-dimension stimuli, and aggregated dual-dimension stimuli. This age effect persisted in subgroups less than 60 years of age and greater than 60 years of age. We conclude that normal performance time is dependent on the task, with letter and number stimuli eliciting most rapid responses, and that most rapid automatic naming times increase with age.
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| 1132. |
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| 1133. |
- Jahre, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating supply chains for emergencies and ongoing operations in UNHCR
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Operations Management. - : Wiley. - 0272-6963 .- 1873-1317. ; 45:Special Issue, s. 57-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humanitarian organizations (HOs) often base their warehouse locations on individuals' experience and knowledge rather than on decision-support tools. Many HOs run separate supply chains for emergency response and ongoing operations. Based on reviews of humanitarian network design literature combined with an in-depth case study of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), this paper presents a warehouse location model for joint prepositioning that incorporates political and security situation factors. Although accessibility, co-location, security, and human resources are crucial to the practice of humanitarian operations management, such contextual factors have not been included in existing network optimization models before. We found that when quantified, and modeled, such factors are important determinants of network configuration. In addition, our results suggest that joint prepositioning for emergency response and ongoing operations allows for expansion of the global warehouse network, and reducing cost and response time.
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| 1134. |
- Jakobsson, Albin, et al.
(författare)
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Three-dimensional functional human neuronal networks in uncompressed low-density electrospun fiber scaffolds
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nanomedicine. - : Elsevier. - 1549-9634 .- 1549-9642. ; 13:4, s. 1563-1573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate an artificial three-dimensional (3D) electrical active human neuronal network system, by the growth of brain neural progenitors in highly porous low density electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) fiber scaffolds. In neuroscience research cell-based assays are important experimental instruments for studying neuronal function in health and disease. Traditional cell culture at 2D-surfaces induces abnormal cell–cell contacts and network formation. Hence, there is a tremendous need to explore in vivo-resembling 3D neural cell culture approaches. We present an improved electrospinning method for fabrication of scaffolds that promote neuronal differentiation into highly 3D integrated networks, formation of inhibitory and excitatory synapses and extensive neurite growth. Notably, in 3D scaffolds in vivo-resembling intermixed neuronal and glial cell network were formed, whereas in parallel 2D cultures a neuronal cell layer grew separated from an underlying glial cell layer. Hence, the use of the 3D cell assay presented will most likely provide more physiological relevant results.
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| 1135. |
- Jalali-Moghadam, Nilou, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating practitioners’ perceived self- confidence and practices for multilingual children with developmental language disorder : The case of Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Språk i skola, på fritid och i arbetsliv : Aktuella arenor för svensk forskning inom tillämpad språkvetenskap - Aktuella arenor för svensk forskning inom tillämpad språkvetenskap. - Karlstad : Association suédoise de linguistique appliquée (ASLA). - 1100-5629. - 9789187884290 ; 29, s. 213-239
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study is twofold: to explore the assessment andintervention practices of Swedish practitioners (mainly Speech and LanguageTherapists: SLTs) for multilingual children with Developmental LanguageDisorders (DLD) and to explore to which extent they perceive themselves asconfident with respect to assessment and intervention. The data comes fromthe Swedish part of the survey by the European research network (COST1406),including data from 35 countries. In total, 101 practitioners in Swedenanswered an online survey. Most of the respondents were female, had amaster’s degree, Swedish as their first language (L1), and used only onelanguage in their professional role. All the practitioners answered the firstsection, 45 of whom also answered questions regarding which languages theyuse in assessment and intervention with multilingual children. A majority of theparticipants reported that they encourage parents to use the minority languagewhen communicating with their child at home. The results indicate a contextspecific DLD intervention approach in which Swedish practitioners tend toemphasize the importance of native language-usage at home. However, due tothe amount of missing data, methodological issues need to be taken intoconsideration.
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| 1136. |
- Janciauskiene, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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A link between sICAM-1, ACE and parietal blood flow in the aging brain.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 30:9, s. 1504-1511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A connection between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and endothelium pathology has been inferred from measured decreases in both blood flow and metabolism in the parietal and temporal cortex. However, it is not known whether these alterations are seen in normal aging. We performed regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements in 22 AD patients and in 44 non-demented subjects during a simple test of information processing speed. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) were analyzed in non-demented subjects. We found correlations between sICAM-1 and ACE (p=0.004), and sICAM (but not ACE) and CSF/plasma albumin ratio (p<0.0001). Higher concentrations of sICAM-1 (>893ng/L) and ACE (>5.22microg/L) were exclusively associated with lower parietal blood flow (p<0.001). The rCBF patterns in the AD and non-demented subjects with biomarker levels above median showed similar reductions in the temporoparietal areas. Our findings provide evidence that elevated CSF sICAM-1 and ACE are associated with lower perfusion levels in the parietal cortex of cognitively intact elderly.
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| 1137. |
- Jansson, Irene, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of personality disorder features on social functioning in substance-abusing women five years after compulsive residential treatment.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9891 .- 1022-6877. ; 15:1, s. 25-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Personality disorders (PD) are related to negative outcome in substance abuse treatment, and in the general population, personality disorders are related to negative outcome in overall functioning. Little is known about the impact of PD on adjustment following substance abuse treatment. METHODS: A cohort of 132 women was followed for 5 years after their index treatment episode in compulsory treatment. During treatment, patients were assessed with the SCID-II. At follow-up, patients were administered a timeline follow-back interview covering their functioning, including employment status over the years, and linked with hospital and criminal justice registers. RESULTS: The impact of PD on functioning varied substantially between disorders and outcome domains. Conduct disorder alone was associated with criminal justice involvement, and conduct disorder and avoidant PD features were associated with unemployment. Dependent PD and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder features were positively associated with employment. Borderline PD features were associated with hospital admissions. DISCUSSION: We discuss how strategies associated with various PDs may foster or hinder social adjustment in general and employment patterns in particular.
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| 1138. |
- Jansson, Irene, et al.
(författare)
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Personality disorder features as predictors of symptoms five years post-treatment.
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal on Addictions. - : Wiley. - 1521-0391 .- 1055-0496. ; 17:3, s. 172-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personality disorders are associated with dysfunction in a variety of areas. Recent longitudinal research has shown that personality disorders are also predictive of problems later in life, as well as of poor response to treatment of depression and anxiety. This study assessed whether personality disorder features were associated with psychiatric symptoms in a cohort of women treated for substance abuse in Sweden. Patients were diagnosed with personality disorders using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-II) personality questionnaire and SCID-II interview, and were then administered a self-report questionnaire designed to measure symptoms of psychiatric illness, the Symptoms Checklist-90 (SCL-90), during and five years after treatment. Concurrently, features of all personality disorders, except histrionic, were associated with SCL-90 score. At five-year follow-up, most personality disorders remained associated with SCL-90 score, with the exception of paranoid and schizoid personality disorder. After controlling for baseline score on the SCL-90, conduct disorder, borderline personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder remained significantly associated with symptoms at follow-up. After controlling for abstinence and baseline score, only borderline personality disorder features remained associated with SCL-90 score at follow-up. Patients with personality disorders should be monitored after treatment for psychiatric symptoms.
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| 1139. |
- Jansson, Irene, et al.
(författare)
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Validity of self-reported criminal justice system involvement in substance abusing women at five-year follow-up
- 2008
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : BMC Psychiatry BioMed Central. - 1471-244X. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few studies have compared self-reported criminal behaviour with high-quality databases of criminal offences and judicial sanctions. Self-reported problems from drug abusers are generally believed to be valid. We assessed the validity of self-reported theft, drug offences and prison sentences from a five-year follow-up of female substance abusers who were originally treated in a compulsory care unit in Lund, run by the Swedish Board of Institutional Care. Methods: Data from a total of 106 of a consecutive sample of 132 women inter-viewed in a five-year follow-up. All were thoroughly assessed for somatic complaints, psychiatric and psychological problems, background factors with standardized instruments. Data over the five years were linked to official records of judicial sanctions, retrieved from The National Council for Crime Prevention, Stockholm, Sweden. Register data have a full cover for the whole cohort. The current data base contain full data back to 1975 up to 2004. Results: Agreement was assessed for each year, as well as for the total period. Statistical control was performed for other types of crimes and prison. Although statistically significant, agreement was modest, and in contrast to previous studies, patients under-reported violence charges. Conclusion: The findings suggest that self-reports of criminal behaviour from women can be used with some caution, and that the validity of self-report may vary between types of criminal justice system involvement.
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| 1140. |
- Javed, Farrukh, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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GARCH-Type Models and Performance of Information Criteria
- 2013
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Ingår i: Communications in statistics. Simulation and computation. - 0361-0918 .- 1532-4141. ; 42:8, s. 1917-1933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the ability of information criteria toward the correct selection of different especially higher-order generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) processes, based on their probability of correct selection as a measure of performance. Each of the considered GARCH processes is further simulated at different parameter combinations to study the possible effect of different volatility structures on these information criteria. We notice an impact from the volatility structure of time series on the performance of these criteria. Moreover, the influence of sample size, having an impact on the performance of these criteria toward correct selection, is observed.
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