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Sökning: LAR1:gu > (2007)

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41.
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43.
  • Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al. (författare)
  • Gut microbiota and development of atopic eczema in 3 European birth cohorts.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 120:2, s. 343-50
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Stimulation of the immune system by gut microbes might prevent allergy development. OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the hypothesis that sensitization to food allergens and atopic eczema are influenced by the infantile intestinal colonization pattern. METHODS: Infants were recruited perinatally in Göteborg (n = 116), London (n = 108), and Rome (n = 100). Commensal bacteria were identified to the genus or species level in rectal (3 days) and quantitative stool cultures (7, 14, and 28 days and 2, 6, and 12 months of age). At 18 months of age, atopic eczema and total and food-specific IgE levels were assessed. These outcomes were modeled in relation to time to colonization with 11 bacterial groups and to ratios of strict anaerobic to facultative anaerobic bacteria and gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria at certain time points. Study center, mode of delivery, parity, and infant diet were included as covariates. RESULTS: Neither atopic eczema nor food-specific IgE by 18 months of age were associated with time of acquisition of any particular bacterial group. Cesarean section delayed colonization by Escherichia coli and Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium species, giving way to, for example, Clostridium species. Lack of older siblings was associated with earlier colonization by Clostridium species and lower strict anaerobic/facultative anaerobic ratio at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study does not support the hypothesis that sensitization to foods or atopic eczema in European infants in early life is associated with lack of any particular culturable intestinal commensal bacteria. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The nature of the microbial stimulus required for protection from allergy remains to be identified.
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44.
  • Adlesic, M., et al. (författare)
  • Histamine in rheumatoid arthritis
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Scand J Immunol. - : Wiley. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 65:6, s. 530-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a persistent inflammation of the synovium, leading to the erosion of articular cartilage and bone. Synovial mast cells and their effector molecule, histamine, receive increased attention as mediators of joint inflammation. The aim of our study was to analyse levels of free histamine in serum and joint fluid of RA patients and to evaluate the potential inflammatogenic properties of histamine in vivo and in vitro. Histamine levels were measured by an ELISA in synovial fluid and sera of RA patients and of healthy controls. Histamine levels were also assessed in plasma of RA patients undergoing anti-TNF-alpha treatment. In the murine part of the study, histamine was injected intra-articularly in the knee joint of mice and the joints were subsequently analysed with respect to induction of inflammation. RA patients displayed significantly lower levels of histamine in circulation (0.93 +/- 0.16 ng/ml) compared with the healthy controls (1.89 +/- 0.45 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Locally, in synovial fluid the levels of histamine were even lower (0.37 +/- 0.16 ng/ml, P < 0.0006). Long-term anti-TNF-alpha treatment significantly increased circulating levels of histamine in RA patients. Our experiments on animals show that histamine on its own neither induces inflammation in the joint cavity nor influences the course of HMGB1 and peptidoglycan-induced joint inflammation. Based on our experimental and clinical studies we suggest that histamine lacks harmful properties in RA.
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46.
  • Adolfsson, Petra, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • After Quantification: Quality Dialogue and Performance in a Swedish Municipality
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Financial Accountability & Management. - 0267-4424. ; 23:1, s. 73-89
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The article discusses the performance management and quality systems as widely accepted reform processes in the New Public Management (NPM). These reforms are said to be built on a rational model of decision making by gathering information from various accounting, auditing and accountability systems. The chief characteristic of this system is customer focus, which motivates the management and evaluation of an operation. The article further discusses how the model of quality dialogue was implemented by different administrations including the city administrative office, the upper secondary school, and the four districts of the City of Gothenburg.
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47.
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48.
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49.
  • Agrell, Beata, 1944 (författare)
  • Brukslitteratur, skönlitteratur och medkänslans estetik. Betraktelse över läsarter
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Den litterära textens förändringar. Studier tillägnade Stina Hansson. - Stockholm/ Stehag : Symposion. - 9789171397935
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Receptionsteoretisk och responsestetisk ansats. Diskussion av den skönlitterära textens möjligheter att via olika retoriska grepp styra läsandet. Åskådningsexempel: Margareta Ekströms novell "Långt lidet" (i samlingen Överfallet, 1963).
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