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| 2. |
- Alm, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of a mobile telephone task on driver behaviour in a car following situation
- 1995
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 27:5, s. 707-715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of a mobile telephone task on young and elderly drivers' choice reaction time, headway, lateral position, and workload were studied when the subjects were driving in a car-following situation, in the VTI driving simulator. It was found that a mobile telephone task had a negative effect upon the drivers' choice reaction time, and that the effect was more pronounced for the elderly drivers. Furthermore, the subjects did not compensate for their increased reaction time by increasing their headway during the phone task. The subjects' mental workload, as measured by the NASA-TLX, increased as a function of the mobile telephone task. No effect on the subjects' lateral position could be detected. Taken together, these results indicate that the accident risk can increase when a driver is using the mobile telephone in a car following situation. The reasons for the increased risk, and possible ways to eliminate it, are also discussed.
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| 4. |
- Borg, D., et al.
(författare)
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Tissue distribution of S-35-labelled perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in C57Bl/6 mice following late gestational exposure
- 2010
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Ingår i: Reproductive Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-6238 .- 1873-1708. ; 30:4, s. 558-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure of rodents in utero to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) impairs perinatal development and survival Following intravenous or gavage exposure of C57Bl/6 mouse dams on gestational day (GD) 16 to S-35-PFOS (12 5 mg/kg) we determined the distribution in dams fetuses (GD18 and GD20) and pups (postnatal day 1 PND1) employing whole-body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting In dams levels were highest in liver and lungs After placental transfer S-35-PFOS was present on GD18 at 2-3 times higher levels in lungs liver and kidneys than in maternal blood In PND1 pups levels in lungs were significantly higher than in GD18 fetuses A heterogeneous distribution of S-35-PFOS was observed in brains of fetuses and pups with levels higher than in maternal brain This first demonstration of substantial localization of PFOS to both perinatal and adult lungs is consistent with evidence describing the lung as a target for the toxicity of PFOS at these ages.
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| 5. |
- Dahlgren, Jörgen, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Managing inter-firm industrial projects - on pacing and matching hierarchies
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Business Review. - 0969-5931 .- 1873-6149. ; 10:3, s. 305-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to present a conceptual framework useful for understanding and analyzing the management and organization of the execution phase of inter-firm industrial projects. On the basis of an exploratory case study of a project within the ABB (Asea Brown Boveri) Group, we develop two concepts. One is pacing, which focuses on the mutual coordination of activities between client and contractor. Pacing refers to the temporal orientation of the parties involved in inter-firm projects. The other concept is matching hierarchies, which focuses on how the interacting parties establish joint-decision making in order to handle overall project-related dependencies and conflicts. The suggested concepts are linked to each other in the sense that a configuration with matching hierarchies provides the arena for solving pacing problems, while, on the other hand, the pacing process provides the mechanism for linking hierarchies.
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| 7. |
- Hjelm, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of manufacturing error tolerances on contact pressure in gears
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 0954-4062 .- 2041-2983. ; 235:20, s. 5173-5185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gear manufacturing always results in some degree of manufacturing errors, i.e. deviations from the desired gear geometry. These errors alter how the gears mesh, typically causing increased contact pressure which in turn shortens service life. It is therefore crucial to choose tolerances such that excessive contact pressure, and especially tip contact, is avoided. With increasing demands due to electrification, this becomes even more important. The aim of this paper is to study how pitch error and profile slope error affect the contact pressure in spur gears sets. The meshing is simulated using a novel simulation approach that uses a parametric description of the reference profile and gear geometry, and a hybrid model for the compliance. The method includes tooth modifications such as tip relief, and uses the true geometry to find contacts. Thus, it also handles contact outside the nominal line of action, including tip contact. The study includes cases where a gear is subjected to both pitch error and profile slope error simultaneously. Numerical examples, relevant to the automotive industry, show the outcome of the simulations. It is shown how simulation-based tolerances for relevant industrial applications can be used to improve manufacturing outcome.
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| 8. |
- Holmberg, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Isak av Nineve. Betraktelse över helvetet.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Svenskt Patristiskt Bibliotek. V. Asketer och munkar. - 9789175803890 ; , s. 239-245
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a translation from Syriac into Swedish of a text by Isaac the Syrian (7th c. A.D.) dealing with the topic of hell.
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| 9. |
- Jebari, Karim, 1982-
(författare)
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Existential Risks : Exploring a Robust Risk Reduction Strategy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science and Engineering Ethics. - : Springer. - 1353-3452 .- 1471-5546. ; 21:3, s. 541-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A small but growing number of studies have aimed to understand, assess and reduce existential risks, or risks that threaten the continued existence of mankind. However, most attention has been focused on known and tangible risks. This paper proposes a heuristic for reducing the risk of black swan extinction events. These events are, as the name suggests, stochastic and unforeseen when they happen. Decision theory based on a fixed model of possible outcomes cannot properly deal with this kind of event. Neither can probabilistic risk analysis. This paper will argue that the approach that is referred to as engineering safety could be applied to reducing the risk from black swan extinction events. It will also propose a conceptual sketch of how such a strategy may be implemented: isolated, self-sufficient, and continuously manned underground refuges. Some characteristics of such refuges are also described, in particular the psychosocial aspects. Furthermore, it is argued that this implementation of the engineering safety strategy safety barriers would be effective and plausible and could reduce the risk of an extinction event in a wide range of possible (known and unknown) scenarios. Considering the staggering opportunity cost of an existential catastrophe, such strategies ought to be explored more vigorously.
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| 10. |
- Jebari, Karim, 1982-
(författare)
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Human enhancement and technological uncertainty : Essays on the promise and peril of emerging technology
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay I explores brain machine interface (BMI) technologies. These make direct communication between the brain and a machine possible by means of electrical stimuli. This essay reviews the existing and emerging technologies in this field and offers an inquiry into the ethical problems that are likely to emerge.Essay II, co-written with professor Sven-Ove Hansson, presents a novel procedure to engage the public in deliberations on the potential impacts of technology. This procedure, convergence seminar, is a form of scenario-based discussion that is founded on the idea of hypothetical retrospection. The theoretical background and the results of the five seminars are presented.Essay III discusses moral bioenhancement, an instance of human enhancement that alters a person’s dispositions, emotions or behavior. Moral bioenhancement could be carried out in three different ways. The first strategy is behavioral enhancement. The second strategy, favored by prominent defenders of moral enhancement, is emotional enhancement. The third strategy is the enhancement of moral dispositions, such as empathy and inequity aversion. I argue that we ought to implement a combination of the second and third strategies.Essay IV considers the possibility and potential desirability of sensory enhancement. It is proposed that existing sensory modalities in vertebrate animals are proof of concept of what is biologically possible to create in humans. Three considerations on the normative aspects of sensory enhancement are also presented in this essay.Essay V rejects disease prioritarianism, the idea that the healthcare system ought to prioritize the treatment of diseases. Instead, an approach that focuses on what medicine can accomplish is proposed.Essay VI argues that from the idea that species have an intrinsic value and that humanity has a collective responsibility to protect animal species from extinction, the conclusion that we ought to recreate species follows.Essay VII argues that unknown existential risks have not been properly addressed. It proposes a heuristic for doing so, and a concrete strategy. This strategy consists in building refuges that could withstand a large number of catastrophic events.
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