| 1. |
- Ottosson, Hans, et al.
(author)
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Cross-system concordance of personality disorder diagnoses of DSM-IV and diagnostic criteria for research of ICD-10.
- 2002
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In: Journal of personality disorders. - : Guilford Publications. - 0885-579X. ; 16, s. 283-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim in this study was to examine the cross-system concordance between the personality disorders (PDs) of DSM-IV and Diagnostic Criteria for Research of ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders, 10th rev. (ICD-10) PD diagnoses were made by a structured interview in a clinical psychiatric sample of 138 individuals. Both categorical and dimensional scores for each PD were established. The frequency of patients with a PD diagnosis on either classification who were also positive on the other varied from 26% for the schizoid PDs to 88% for the histrionic PDs. The chance-corrected agreement (Cohen's kappa) ranged from .37 to .94. The dimensional correlation (Pearson's r) between pairs of PD criteria sets was in the range of .79 to .98. In conclusion, when analyzed categorically, some of the PDs of DSM-IV and ICD-10-DCR were only moderately concordant. The reasons appear to be different criteria formulations and arbitrary thresholds for diagnoses. In contrast to categorical diagnoses, dimensional agreement was high, implicating similar trait-concept definitions. The least concordant pair of PD was antisocial (DSM-IV)-dissocial (ICD-10).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Chotai, Jayanti, et al.
(author)
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Season of birth variations in dimensions of functioning evaluated by the diagnostic interview for borderline patients
- 2000
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In: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 41:3, s. 132-138
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In view of recent reports showing that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of monoamine metabolites exhibit season of birth variations, and that they are also associated with section II (impulse action patterns) of the diagnostic interview for borderline patients (DIB), we analyzed two samples of data to investigate the relationship between the season of birth and the DIB. The first sample comprised 202 patients participating in psychobiological research in Stockholm, and the second sample comprised 130 patients who had committed suicide in Västerbotten in northern Sweden. Those with intermediate score for section II (impulse action patterns) were significantly more likely to have been born during the season October to January in the pooled data, and this tendency persisted in separate analyses for the two samples and for the two diagnostic groups mood disorders and schizophrenia, respectively. Those with high score for section IV (psychosis) were significantly more likely to have been born during February to April in the pooled sample and in the nonschizophrenic group. In the group with schizophrenia, those born during February to April had significantly high scores for section III (affects). These results throw further light on the role of season of birth in suicidology and in psychiatric morbidity.
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| 4. |
- Tengström, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Men with schizophrenia who behave violently : the usefulness of an early- versus late-start offender typology.
- 2001
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In: Schizophrenia Bulletin. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0586-7614 .- 1745-1701. ; 27:2, s. 205-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Persons who develop schizophrenia are more likely than nondisordered persons to commit crimes. It is important to investigate those who offend, in order to develop treatment programs that effectively prevent recidivism, and eventually, early childhood violence prevention programs. Recent studies have shown that among offenders with major mental disorders, there are two groups: early starters, who begin their criminal careers in adolescence; and late starters, who first offend as adults. The present study examined 272 violent male offenders with schizophrenia in Sweden who underwent a pretrial psychiatric assessment between 1988 and 1995. Early- and late-start offenders were found to present differences in behavior, comorbid disorders, personality traits, and referrals for treatment in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Their parents also differed. The findings have implications for treatment and management of offenders with schizophrenia, for risk assessment, and for prevention.
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| 5. |
- Tengström, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Psychopathy (PCL-R) as a predictor of violent recidivism among criminal offenders with schizophrenia.
- 2000
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In: Law and human behavior. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0147-7307 .- 1573-661X. ; 24:1, s. 45-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hare's Psychopathy Checklist--Revised (PCL-R) was used to test the hypothesis that psychopathy predicts violent recidivism in a cohort subjected to forensic psychiatric investigation and consisting of male violent offenders with schizophrenia (N = 202). Psychopathy was assessed with retrospective file-based ratings. Mean follow-up time after detainment was 51 months. Twenty-two percent of the offenders had a PCL-R score > or = 26 (cutoff), and the base rate for violent recidivism (reconvictions) during follow-up was 21%. Survival analysis revealed that psychopathy was strongly associated to violent recidivism (log-rank = 17.71, df = 1, p < 0.0001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of PCL-R total score to predict violent recidivism varied between different time frames from .64 to .75. Cox regression analyses revealed that other potential risk factors could not equally well or better explain violent recidivism in the cohort than psychopathy as measured by PCL-R.
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| 6. |
- Tengström, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Schizophrenia and criminal offending : the role of psychopathy and substance use disorders
- 2004
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In: Criminal justice and behavior. - Thousand Oaks : Sage Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 31:4, s. 367-391
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigated the associations of psychopathy and substance use disorders (SUDs) with criminal offending among 202 men with schizophrenia and 78 men with a primary diagnosis of psychopathy. Comparisons among six groups of offenders indicated that non-mentally ill offenders diagnosed with psychopathy committed the highest numbers of offenses per year at risk. Among offenders with schizophrenia, those with high psychopathy scores committed more crimes than those with low psychopathy scores. Among non-mentally ill offenders with psychopathy and schizophrenic offenders with high psychopathy scores, those with and without SUDs committed, on average, similar numbers of offenses. These findings Suggest that among offenders with psychopathic traits, the traits, not substance abuse, are associated with criminal offending.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Binzer, MN, et al.
(author)
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[Psychogenic paralysis. A prospective study].
- 2000
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In: Ugeskrift for læger. - 0041-5782 .- 1603-6824. ; 162:42, s. 5632-5636
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The results of this study stresses the need for careful and well-conducted neurological and psychiatric assessments in patients with psychogenic paralyses, bearing in mind the substantial possibility for coinciding illnesses. If this is ensured, it appears that the risk of subsequent neurological rediagnosis is negligible.
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| 9. |
- Caldera, Trinidad, et al.
(author)
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Parasuicide in a low income country : results from a three year hospital surveillance in Nicaragua.
- 2004
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 32:5, s. 349-355
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: A study was undertaken to assess the incidence of parasuicide in Nicaragua, to identify groups at risk, and to describe the characteristics of parasuicides, such as methods used and seasonal and diurnal patterns. Method: All hospital-admitted parasuicide cases in the area of León, Nicaragua, were assessed over a three-year period using standardized instruments. Results: Two hundred and thirty-three parasuicide cases were identified in the catchment area giving a parasuicide rate of 66.3/100,000 inhabitants per year based on the population 10 years and older. Corresponding figure for 15 years and older was 71.3. A majority were females (68.8%), who were significantly younger than the males (mean 20.8 years vs. mean 24.6 years). The highest rates were found in the age group 15 - 19 years with a female rate three times higher than the male rate (302.9 vs. 98.9). Pesticides, a highly lethal substance, were used as method in 19.1% of the attempts. Consistent seasonal variation with peaks in May - June and September - October were found over the years. Among parasuicide cases, 46.5% had been in contact with the healthcare system within 6 months before attempting suicide. Conclusions: Parasuicides represent a significant health problem among young people in Nicaragua. Preventive efforts should be directed especially towards the life situation for young girls, limitation of availability of suicide means, increased awareness in schools concerning suicidal problems, as well as improved management of patients with mental health problems within primary healthcare.
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| 10. |
- Caldera, Trinidad, et al.
(author)
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Psychological impact of the hurricane Mitch in Nicaragua in a one-year perspective
- 2001
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In: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 36:3, s. 108-114
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Whereas natural disasters more commonly occur in low-income countries, almost all studies on psychological consequences have been conducted in the Western world. In countries where resources are poor it is of importance to know which groups should be targeted for early intervention after a disaster. The study aims at assessing the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD and of post-traumatic symptoms among people afflicted by hurricane Mitch in Nicaragua and at identifying risk factors for PTSD symptoms 6 months following a disaster. METHOD: At four primary health care centres, 496 consecutive adult patients were interviewed 6 months after hurricane Mitch regarding PTSD symptoms (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, HTQ), disaster experiences and post-disaster help-seeking. RESULTS: All individuals resident in the area during Mitch were judged to have experienced a trauma fulfilling A criteria for PTSD. Regarding more specific traumas, 39% reported a close relative to be dead or seriously injured and 72% had their house partly or completely destroyed. Prevalence of PTSD ranged from 9.0% in the worst afflicted area to 4.5% in a less damaged area. From a dimensional perspective, PTSD symptoms according to HTQ 6 months after the disaster were significantly associated with the death of a relative (beta-coefficient 0.257, P = 0.000), a house destroyed (beta-coefficient 0.148, P = 0.001), female sex (beta-coefficient 0.139, P = 0.001), previous mental health problems (beta-coefficient 0.109, P = 0.009) and illiteracy (beta-coefficient 0.110, P = 0.009). Those with previous mental health problems (OR = 4.84; 95% CI = 3.04-7.66) were more likely than others to seek from help, any source whereas the opposite was true for illiterate people (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.21-0.69). Of all respondents, 8.5% reported that they had thought of taking their lives, and illiterates (OR 2.84; 95% CI = 1.12-4.37) and those with previous mental health problems (OR 2.84; 95% CI = 1.12-4.57) were at particular risk for suicidal problems. One year after Mitch, half of those identified as PTSD cases at 6 months still fulfilled the criteria for a PTSD diagnosis. CONCLUSION: PTSD represents a serious mental health problem after a disaster. Those with illiteracy, females and those with previous mental health problems should be targets for early post-disaster intervention.
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