| 35521. |
- Domellöf, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Processed infant cereals as vehicles of functional components.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program.. ; 60, s. 107-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cereals are the most common complementary foods all over the world and there is now a novel possibility to add functional components to target health problems that are not caused by a simple nutritional deficiency. So far there have been very few published trials on the addition of functional components to infant cereals. A single trial has suggested that infant cereals containing a combination of probiotics, prebiotics and zinc are an effective adjunct to oral rehydration solution in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis. Up to now there has been no evidence that infant cereals supplemented with probiotics or prebiotics have a preventive effect on diarrhea but a recent study has suggested that a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) protein fraction added to an infant cereal reduces the risk of diarrhea in a developing country. There are some promising results suggesting that infant cereals supplemented with probiotics or prebiotics may prevent atopic eczema. The addition of prebiotic oligosaccharides to infant cereals may lead to softer stools, likely to benefit those infants who are suffering from constipation. More studies are needed to verify these results and to assess the effects of other functional components - especially probiotics, prebiotics, nucleotides, novel protein fractions and recombinant human milk proteins - added to infant cereals.
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| 35522. |
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| 35523. |
- Domellöf, Magnus, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in iron status during infancy.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics. - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 110:3, s. 545-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It is commonly assumed that there is no difference in iron status between male and female infants, despite a lack of studies addressing this question. OBJECTIVE: To study sex differences in different measures of iron status in infants. METHODS: At 4 months of age, 263 term, breastfed infants (121 Swedish and 142 Honduran) were randomized to receive iron supplements or placebo until 9 months of age. Blood samples at 4, 6, and 9 months of age were analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb), mean cell volume (MCV), zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), plasma ferritin, and transferrin receptors (TfR). RESULTS: At 4, 6, and 9 months, boys had significantly lower Hb, MCV, and ferritin and higher ZPP and TfR than girls. At 9 months, boys had a 10-fold higher risk of being classified as having iron deficiency anemia. The differences at 9 months in MCV (71.6 vs 75.1 fL) and ZPP (59 vs 49 micro mol/mol heme) remained significant after controlling for iron supplementation, site, growth variables, and other possible confounders. For ferritin, there was a remaining sex difference at 9 months among Swedish (29 vs 53 micro g/L) but not Honduran infants. For Hb and TfR, sex differences at 9 months were larger in unsupplemented infants, especially in those with a birth weight of <3500 g. CONCLUSIONS: There are substantial sex differences in Hb and other indicators of iron status during infancy. Some of these may be genetically determined, whereas others seem to reflect an increased incidence of true iron deficiency in boys.
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| 35524. |
- Domellöf, Magnus, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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The diagnostic criteria for iron deficiency in infants should be reevaluated.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : The American Society for Nutritional Sciences. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 132:12, s. 3680-3686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diagnostic criteria for iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in infants are poorly defined. Our aim was to establish appropriate cut-off values for hemoglobin (Hb), plasma ferritin, erythrocyte mean cell volume (MCV), zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) and soluble transferrin receptors (TfR) in infancy. Exclusively breast-fed infants (n = 263) in Honduras and Sweden were randomly assigned to receive iron supplementation or placebo, and blood samples were obtained at 4, 6 and 9 mo of age. Reference ranges were determined using three different approaches for defining iron-replete infants. The usefulness of several variables for predicting the Hb response to iron was evaluated. We found the following 2 SD cut-off values in iron-replete infants: Hb <105 g/L at 4-6 mo and <100 g/L at 9 mo; ZPP >75 micro mol/mol heme at 4-6 mo and >90 micro mol/mol heme at 9 mo; ferritin <20 micro g/L at 4 mo, <9 micro g/L at 6 mo and <5 micro g/L at 9 mo; and TfR >11 mg/L at 4-9 mo. The Hb response to iron was not a useful definition of IDA at 4 mo of age. Hb, MCV and ZPP at 6 mo as well as growth variables predicted the Hb response at 6-9 mo, but ferritin and TfR at 6 mo did not. We conclude that there is need for a reevaluation of the definitions of ID and IDA in infants.
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| 35525. |
- Domingo-Almenara, Xavier, et al.
(författare)
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CMS-MRM and METLIN-MRM : a cloud library and public resource for targeted analysis of small molecules
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Methods. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1548-7091 .- 1548-7105. ; 15:9, s. 681-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report XCMS-MRM and METLIN-MRM (http://xcmsonline-mrm.scripps.edu/ and http://metlin.scripps.edu/), a cloud-based data-analysis platform and a public multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) transition repository for small-molecule quantitative tandem mass spectrometry. This platform provides MRM transitions for more than 15,500 molecules and facilitates data sharing across different instruments and laboratories.
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| 35526. |
- Domingo, Nina G.G., et al.
(författare)
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Ozone-related acute excess mortality projected to increase in the absence of climate and air quality controls consistent with the Paris Agreement
- 2024
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Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 7:2, s. 325-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short-term exposure to ground-level ozone in cities is associated with increased mortality and is expected to worsen with climate and emission changes. However, no study has yet comprehensively assessed future ozone-related acute mortality across diverse geographic areas, various climate scenarios, and using CMIP6 multi-model ensembles, limiting our knowledge on future changes in global ozone-related acute mortality and our ability to design targeted health policies. Here, we combine CMIP6 simulations and epidemiological data from 406 cities in 20 countries or regions. We find that ozone-related deaths in 406 cities will increase by 45 to 6,200 deaths/year between 2010 and 2014 and between 2050 and 2054, with attributable fractions increasing in all climate scenarios (from 0.17% to 0.22% total deaths), except the single scenario consistent with the Paris Climate Agreement (declines from 0.17% to 0.15% total deaths). These findings stress the need for more stringent air quality regulations, as current standards in many countries are inadequate.
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| 35527. |
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| 35528. |
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| 35529. |
- Domkin, Vladimir, et al.
(författare)
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Phosphines are ribonucleotide reductase reductants that act via C-terminal cysteines similar to thioredoxins and glutaredoxins
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Macmillan Publishers Ltd.. - 2045-2322. ; 4, s. 5539-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleotides. Each polypeptide of the large subunit of eukaryotic RNRs contains two redox-active cysteine pairs, one in the active site and the other at the C-terminus. In each catalytic cycle, the active-site disulfide is reduced by the C-terminal cysteine pair, which in turn is reduced by thioredoxins or glutaredoxins. Dithiols such as DTT are used in RNR studies instead of the thioredoxin or glutaredoxin systems. DTT can directly reduce the disulfide in the active site and does not require the C-terminal cysteines for RNR activity. Here we demonstrate that the phosphines tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) and tris(3-hydroxypropyl)phosphine (THP) are efficient non-thiol RNR reductants, but in contrast to the dithiols DTT, bis(2-mercaptoethyl)sulfone (BMS), and (S)-(1,4-dithiobutyl)-2-amine (DTBA) they act specifically via the C-terminal disulfide in a manner similar to thioredoxin and glutaredoxin. The simultaneous use of phosphines and dithiols results in ~3-fold higher activity compared to what is achieved when either type of reductant is used alone. This surprising effect can be explained by the concerted action of dithiols on the active-site cysteines and phosphines on the C-terminal cysteines. As non-thiol and non-protein reductants, phosphines can be used to differentiate between the redox-active cysteine pairs in RNRs.
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| 35530. |
- Domkin, Vladimir, et al.
(författare)
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Yeast DNA damage-inducible Rnr3 has a very low catalytic activity strongly stimulated after the formation of a cross-talking Rnr1/Rnr3 complex.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 277:21, s. 18574-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ribonucleotide reductase system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae includes four genes (RNR1 and RNR3 encoding the large subunit and RNR2 and RNR4 encoding the small subunit). RNR3 expression, nearly undetectable during normal growth, is strongly induced by DNA damage. Yet an rnr3 null mutant has no obvious phenotype even under DNA damaging conditions, and the contribution of RNR3 to ribonucleotide reduction is not clear. To investigate the role of RNR3 we expressed and characterized the Rnr3 protein. The in vitro activity of Rnr3 was less than 1% of the Rnr1 activity. However, a strong synergism between Rnr3 and Rnr1 was observed, most clearly demonstrated in experiments with the catalytically inactive Rnr1-C428A mutant, which increased the endogenous activity of Rnr3 by at least 10-fold. In vivo, the levels of Rnr3 after DNA damage never reached more than one-tenth of the Rnr1 levels. We propose that heterodimerization of Rnr3 with Rnr1 facilitates the recruitment of Rnr3 to the ribonucleotide reductase holoenzyme, which may be important when Rnr1 is limiting for dNTP production. In complex with inactive Rnr1-C428A, the activity of Rnr3 is controlled by effector binding to Rnr1-C428A. This result indicates cross-talk between the Rnr1 and Rnr3 polypeptides of the large subunit.
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