| 131. |
- Klingspor, L., et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of fungaemia in Sweden: A nationwide retrospective observational survey
- 2018
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Ingår i: Mycoses. - : Wiley. - 0933-7407 .- 1439-0507. ; 61:10, s. 777-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo identify the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida spp. among blood culture isolates to identify the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida spp. among blood culture isolates in Sweden. MethodsThe study was a retrospective, observational nationwide laboratory-based surveillance for fungaemia and fungal meningitis and was conducted from September 2015 to August 2016. ResultsIn total, 488 Candida blood culture isolates were obtained from 471 patients (58% males). Compared to our previous study, the incidence of candidaemia has increased from 4.2/100000 (2005-2006) to 4.7/100000 population/year (2015-2016). The three most common Candida spp. isolated from blood cultures were Candida albicans (54.7%), Candida glabrata (19.7%) and species in the Candida parapsilosis complex (9.4%). Candida resistance to fluconazole was 2% in C.albicans and between 0% and 100%, in non-albicans species other than C.glabrata and C.krusei. Resistance to voriconazole was rare, except for C.glabrata, C.krusei and C.tropicalis. Resistance to anidulafungin was 3.8% while no Candida isolate was resistant to amphotericin B. ConclusionsWe report an overall increase in candidaemia but a minor decrease of C.albicans while C.glabrata and C.parapsilosis remain constant over this 10-year period.
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| 132. |
- Liljengren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Die materials, hardening methods and surface coatings for forming of high, extra high and ultra high strength steel sheets (HSS/EHSS/UHSS)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Drawing the Things to Come: Trends and Advances in Sheet Metal Forming. - : Inst. de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial. - 9789728953065 ; , s. 597-604
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the past years, large efforts have been made at Volvo Cars to establish a scientific and systematic approach to selection of die materials, hardening methods and surface treatments/coatings. These efforts were initiated, since both new higher strength sheet materials and new die materials with better performance were introduced. Both these higher strength sheet materials and higher performance die materials needed to be industrialized. Volvo cars transferred to a so-called Dry Presshop several years ago. This means that only the rust protection oil applied by the material supplier to the sheet prior to delivery is allowed as the stamping lubricant. No additional lubricant can be accepted. This transfer is done with regard to environmental improvement and a lean production philosophy. "Trouble-shooting" (reduction of abrasive and adhesive die wear) by using additional lubrication is therefore not possible anymore.In this investigation 1.20 and 1.95 mm thick uncoated and hot-dip galvanized sheets of DP600, DP800 and DP1000 were tested. The wear behaviour of the die materials Sverker 21 (D2), Calmax, Sleipner, Weartec, Vanadis 6 and Vancron 40 were studied. Uncoated, plasma-nitrided, PVD-coated (CrN and TiAlN) versions of dies made in the above-mentioned materials were tested.The tests were carried out both in laboratory in a U-bend test equipment and in real stamping production. Based on the results obtained in laboratory and production tests, guidelines were established for selection of die materials and surface treatments in stamping of DP600, DP800 and DP1000. These guidelines are described in the present paper.
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| 133. |
- Lindmark, H, et al.
(författare)
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Enteric bacteria counteract lipopolysaccharide induction of antimicrobial peptide genes.
- 2001
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Ingår i: J Immunol. - 0022-1767. ; 167, s. 6920-6923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The humoral immunity of Drosophila involves the production of antimicrobial peptides, which are induced by evolutionary conserved microbial molecules, like LPS. By using Drosophila mbn-2 cells, we found that live bacteria, including E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Erwinia carotovora, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prevented LPS from inducing antimicrobial peptide genes, while Micrococcus luteus and Streptococcus equi did not. The inhibitory effect was seen at bacterial levels from 20 per mbn-2 cell, while antimicrobial peptides were induced at lower bacterial concentrations (< or =2 bacteria per cell) also in the absence of added LPS. Gel shift experiment suggests that the inhibitory effect is upstream or at the level of the activation of the transcription factor Relish, a member of the NF-kappaB/Rel family. The bacteria have to be in physical contact with the cells, but not phagocytosed, to prevent LPS induction. Interestingly, the inhibiting mechanism is, at least for E. coli, independent of the type III secretion system, indicating that the inhibitory mechanism is unrelated to the one earlier described for YopJ from Yersinia.
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| 134. |
- Lindström, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide analyses characterize shared heritability among cancers and identify novel cancer susceptibility regions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 115:6, s. 712-732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The shared inherited genetic contribution to risk of different cancers is not fully known. In this study, we leverage results from 12 cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to quantify pairwise genome-wide genetic correlations across cancers and identify novel cancer susceptibility loci.METHODS: We collected GWAS summary statistics for 12 solid cancers based on 376 759 participants with cancer and 532 864 participants without cancer of European ancestry. The included cancer types were breast, colorectal, endometrial, esophageal, glioma, head and neck, lung, melanoma, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and renal cancers. We conducted cross-cancer GWAS and transcriptome-wide association studies to discover novel cancer susceptibility loci. Finally, we assessed the extent of variant-specific pleiotropy among cancers at known and newly identified cancer susceptibility loci.RESULTS: We observed widespread but modest genome-wide genetic correlations across cancers. In cross-cancer GWAS and transcriptome-wide association studies, we identified 15 novel cancer susceptibility loci. Additionally, we identified multiple variants at 77 distinct loci with strong evidence of being associated with at least 2 cancer types by testing for pleiotropy at known cancer susceptibility loci.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results suggest that some genetic risk variants are shared among cancers, though much of cancer heritability is cancer-specific and thus tissue-specific. The increase in statistical power associated with larger sample sizes in cross-disease analysis allows for the identification of novel susceptibility regions. Future studies incorporating data on multiple cancer types are likely to identify additional regions associated with the risk of multiple cancer types.
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| 135. |
- Liuba, Petru, et al.
(författare)
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Endothelial dysfunction after repeated Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice
- 2000
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 1524-4539. ; 102:9, s. 1039-1044
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Arterial relaxation is largely regulated by endothelial nitric oxide (NO). Its diminished activity has been associated with incipient atherosclerosis. We investigated the endothelium-dependent relaxation of aorta in apolipoprotein E-knockout (apoE-KO) mice exposed to single or repeated Chlamydia pneumoniae inoculation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-eight apoE-KO mice, 8 weeks old, were inoculated intranasally with C pneumoniae (n=24) or saline (n=24) every 2 weeks over a 6-week period. Twenty mice (10 infected and 10 controls) were killed at 2 weeks and 6 weeks, respectively, after the first inoculation. The smooth muscle tone of aortic rings was measured in vitro at both time points. The norepinephrine-precontracted thoracic aortic rings were successively exposed to methacholine in the absence and presence of N:(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and diclofenac. The methacholine-induced relaxation was attenuated in the infected mice at 6 weeks in both the absence and presence of L-NAME (P:<0.05 and P:<0.01, respectively). When administered together with L-NAME, diclofenac enhanced the relaxation of the L-NAME-pretreated aortas in infected mice at 2 weeks (P:<0.05) but not in noninfected mice. The relaxation response from infected mice tended to differ in the same manner at 6 weeks (P:<0.1). No intimal thickening was detected at either time point. CONCLUSIONS: C pneumoniae impairs arterial endothelial function, and the NO pathway is principally involved. Cyclooxygenase-dependent vasoconstricting products may also account for the infection-induced impaired relaxation. These findings further support the role of C pneumoniae infection in atherosclerosis development.
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| 136. |
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| 137. |
- Luhrig, Katharina, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial Community Analysis of Drinking Water Biofilms in Southern Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Microbes and Environments. - 1342-6311. ; 30:1, s. 99-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Next-generation sequencing of the V1-V2 and V3 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene generated a total of 674,116 reads that described six distinct bacterial biofilm communities from both water meters and pipes. A high degree of reproducibility was demonstrated for the experimental and analytical work-flow by analyzing the communities present in parallel water meters, the rare occurrence of biological replicates within a working drinking water distribution system. The communities observed in water meters from households that did not complain about their drinking water were defined by sequences representing Proteobacteria (82-87%), with 22-40% of all sequences being classified as Sphingomonadaceae. However, a water meter biofilm community from a household with consumer reports of red water and flowing water containing elevated levels of iron and manganese had fewer sequences representing Proteobacteria (44%); only 0.6% of all sequences were classified as Sphingomonadaceae; and, in contrast to the other water meter communities, markedly more sequences represented Nitrospira and Pedomicrobium. The biofilm communities in pipes were distinct from those in water meters, and contained sequences that were identified as Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Desulfovibrio, and Sulfuricurvum. The approach employed in the present study resolved the bacterial diversity present in these biofilm communities as well as the differences that occurred in biofilms within a single distribution system, and suggests that next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons can show changes in bacterial biofilm communities associated with different water qualities.
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| 138. |
- Lundberg, Christina, 1972-
(författare)
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Screening for Atherosclerosis with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Atherosclerosis is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Although traditional risk factors can identify the healthy or severely affected individuals, sudden lethal outcome is still frequent in those suggested as intermediate in risk for cardiovascular events (CVE). Adding imaging to the traditional scoring systems might improve risk stratification.This thesis investigates whether the addition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) to traditional risk factors might render atherosclerosis suitable for mass screening, selective screening or screening in research settings.In paper I the carotid arteries were assessed in six different manners (carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in two different locations, presence of plaque, number of plaques, plaque size and plaque composition) using US. More than 800 Caucasian subjects were assessed at ages 70 and 75, and outcome examined at 80 years of age. Plaques with an area exceeding 10mm2 in the bulb were found to be most closely related to CVE.Paper II established that carotid plaque volume measured with MRI did not correlate with carotid plaque area assessed with US. MRI reached the highest levels of reproducibility of the two methods.Paper III used the previously created total atherosclerotic score (TAS), a scoring system based on whole body magnetic resonance angiography (WBMRA) that assesses global atherosclerosis. TAS was found to predict CVE in 305 PIVUS-subjects at age 70 years during 5 years of follow-up. The risk for CVE was found to be eightfold with TAS>0.In paper IV CIMT was assessed with US at ages 70 and 75 years. CIMT at baseline, but not the change in CIMT over five years, was significantly related to TAS, thus suggesting carotid changes to correlate with atherosclerosis throughout the body.In conclusion, in research settings WBMRA and MRI, as well as US, can be used for screening and following up of atherosclerotic changes, as their predictive values and reproducibility are good. US might be feasible in selective screening but none of these methods are as of now suitable for mass screening.
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| 139. |
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| 140. |
- Mandalenakis, Zacharias, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Atrial natriuretic peptide as a predictor of atrial fibrillation in a male population study. The Study of Men Born in 1913 and 1923
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 171:1, s. 44-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias in clinical practice and it is often diagnosed after a complication occurs. The study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) for atrial fibrillation in a male population-based study. Methods and results: This study is a part of the "Study of Men Born in 1913 and 1923", a longitudinal prospective cohort study of men, living in the city of Gothenburg in Sweden. A population-based sample of 528 men was investigated in 1988 when they were aged 65 years (n = 134) and 75 years (n = 394), and they were followed up for 16 years. Blood samples were collected from all 528 men at baseline and plasma ANP levels were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Hazard ratios were estimated by competing-risk regression analysis. One hundred five participants were excluded because of a prior diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, severe hypertension, or severe chronic renal insufficiency. Of the remaining 423 participants, 90 men were diagnosed with atrial fibrillation over the 16-year follow-up. In multivariable analysis, men in the two highest quartiles of ANP levels had a significantly higher risk for atrial fibrillation compared with men in the lowest ANP quartile. The adjusted ratio was 3.14 (95% CI 1.59-6.20) for the third ANP quartile and 3.36 (95% CI 1.72-6.54) for the highest quartile of ANP level. Conclusions: In this population-based longitudinal study, we found that elevated ANP levels at baseline predicted atrial fibrillation during a follow-up time of 16 years.
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