| 21. |
- Ferguson, Shon, 1979-
(författare)
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Essays on Trade, Technology and the Organization of Firms
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "Endogenous Sunk Costs, Exporting and Heterogeneous Firms" Empirical evidence shows that R&D spending is highly correlated with firm productivity and highly concentrated among large firms. This paper develops a model of quality competition with heterogeneous firms that can explain these patterns. The model makes two new predictions. The first prediction is that exporters upgrade while domestic firms downgrade when trade liberalizes. The second prediction is that quality competition reduces the effect of trade liberalization along the extensive margin. "Endogenous Product Differentiation, Market Size and Trade" Recent empirical evidence suggests that average export prices are higher when firms sell in large markets. This paper offers a theoretical explanation for why we do not always see pro-competitive market size effects in the trade data for differentiated goods. The model here proposes that export prices can in fact be higher in larger countries because firms have greater incentive to differentiate their products, which increases price-cost markups. In the two-country case the model predicts that larger countries sell manufacturing goods at higher price-cost markups than smaller countries. "Institution-Driven Comparative Advantage, Complex Goods and Organizational Choice" The theory of the firm suggests that firms can respond to poor contract enforcement by vertically integrating their production process. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether firms' integration opportunities affect the way institutions determine international trade patterns. We find that vertical integration lessens the impact of a country's ability to enforce contracts on the comparative advantage of complex goods. We also find that countries with good financial institutions export disproportionately more in sectors that produce complex goods and that have a high propensity for vertical integration.
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| 22. |
- Nilsson, Andreas, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Studying the Implications of Cloud-based delivery models on public IT procurement: A switching cost perspective
- 2011
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Ingår i: eChallenges e2011, Florence, Italy. - 9781905824274
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Public sector IT procurement has received limited interest from the research community, despite the vastness and importance of the phenomena. Following contemporary developments in a “turn-to-services”, with more and more of the total IT environment being supplied through cloud-based delivery models, this paper explores the potential in using switching costs as an approach for studying public sector IT procurement. Through presenting and contrasting two theoretical models for switching cost estimation, this paper discusses the use of switching costs as a perspective in the study of public sector IT procurement of cloud-based services. As the results show, switching costs is a valuable way ahead, and the paper lists some design implications for research into the field.
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| 23. |
- Hirvonen, Lalaina, 1974-
(författare)
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Essays in Empirical Labour Economics : Family Background, Gender and Earnings
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- All three essays in this thesis are concerned with the interrelation of family, gender and labour market outcomes. The first paper investigates family earnings mobility between parents and sons, and parents and daughters, highlighting the role of assortative mating. The results suggest that daughters are more mobile than sons. I also find that Sweden has a higher degree of mobility compared to the U.S., and that assortative mating is an important underlying channel for earnings transmission. The difference in mobility between the two countries does not inherently depend on factors affecting the marriage match. Moreover, adult economic outcomes are more dependent on family background for those at the lower end of the earnings distribution. The second study analyses the long-run effects of an increase in family size on the 1980-2005 labour market outcomes of Swedish men and women. The decision to have (more) children is dependent on current and future labour market prospects. I use the exogenous variations in the sex composition of the first two children to overcome this endogeneity problem. My findings suggest that having an additional child has a stronger negative impact on earnings than on participation. However, mothers experience a substantial but not complete long-term recovery in earnings. The third paper illustrates the difficulty in disentangling the underlying channels of intergenerational earnings persistence using a path analysis model. On closer examination, such a model has a potential shortcoming since the covariates are correlated to other unobserved factors. The results suggest that education is the most influential mechanism in the earnings transmission process, while IQ, mental ability and BMI are of secondary importance. However, education is sensitive to the inclusion of other covariates and the order in which these are entered into the equation.
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| 24. |
- Flodén, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Svensk stabiliseringspolitik
- 2011. - 9
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Ingår i: Marknad och politik. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186203757
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Schultz Nybacka, Pamela, 1971-
(författare)
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Bookonomy : The Consumption Practice and Value of Book Reading
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In contemporary society, book readers are increasingly being valued as consumers. Literacy and reading are often subjected to an economic logic and seen as constituting economic operations in themselves. The overall research objective is to explore whether and to what extent book reading as consumption practice belongs with traditional understandings of economy and culture, consumption and value. This entails studies on different levels: theoretical, methodological and meta-theoretical. The main thesis is that we need to envision another mode of economy related to books and reading, captured in the concept of “bookonomy”.The methodological problems connected to the empirical study of consumption practice can be dealt with constructively if we engage consumers in complementary experimental activities. Visual sessions can contribute directly by: 1.) contextualizing practices in everyday life; 2.) exhibiting visible, material aspects, etc.; 3) uncovering invisible aspects such as the art and logic of practice. Using an abductive approach to science and several types of qualitative data, the study puts consumption practice in a new light.Several logics of book reading are uncovered: distributive, encompassing, additive, geometric, accounting, erosive, and depository. These logics of practice are better understood as consummation, rather than consumption. The meta-theoretical study suggested that unlike economic theory that teaches the allocation of scarce resources to meet infinite needs, bookonomy denotes an underlying pattern of complementary logics that gather together and distribute surplus, both historically and as driver into industrial mass production and post-scarcity. Where economic theory distinguishes between value-in-use (utility), value-in-exchange (value) and value-in-money (price), bookonomic value is an epiphenomenal type of value that simultaneously draws on, takes hold of, and deals out surplus. It is a surplus-to-surplus value-in-store, with a distributive logic at heart.
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| 27. |
- Sundström, Andreas, 1983-
(författare)
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Taking accounting to the stage - what is the role of accounting in a theater?
- 2010
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Ingår i: <em>6th interdisciplinary workshop on intangibles, intellectual capital & extra-financial information, EIASM, Catania, September-October. </em>.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In arts and culture organizations significant targets referrers to intangible value creation that is difficult to measure. Aiming to support further improvements in approaching non-measureable value creation in accounting and management accounting, this paper discusses the role of accounting in the context of a publicly funded theater. The research design comprises two case studies and a literature review. A theoretical framework for the analysis is synthesized from arts management and accounting literature on intangibles and intellectual capital. The findings imply that accounting in a theater organization is multi-facetted; the role of accounting may be explained as having two different general tasks, an internal and an external task, which both occur in a tangible and an abstract dimension. Drawing from arts management theory, the paper suggests that accounting in an art firm can be viewed as an 'aesthetic play' in which given accounts are actors that need to be given place to play in order for intangible performance to render visible.
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| 28. |
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Företagsansvar - CSR som managementidé
- 2011. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- CSR, företags sociala ansvarstagande, har blivit ett populärt koncept i företagsvärlden. Denna bok behandlar CSR som en managementidé, det vill säga som ett redskap för verksamhetsstyrning. Boken visar att CSR har mycket gemensamt med andra populära managementidéer – lean production, total quality management, just-in-time, business process reenginering och six sigma, för att nämna några. Men det finns också väsentliga skillnader. I boken redogörs för hur CSR uppkommer och sprids i företagets omvärld, men även för vad som händer när CSR når företagsledningar, implementeras och används i den dagliga verksamheten. Författarna visar att två grundläggande värden för allt företagande – legitimitet och effektivitet – är lämpliga för att analysera hur CSR påverkar företag, samt hur CSR liknar och skiljer sig från andra populära managementidéer.
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| 29. |
- Jutterström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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CSR, legitimitet och effektivitet
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Företagsansvar. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144068794
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 30. |
- Acemoglu, Daron, et al.
(författare)
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The Environment and Directed Technical Change
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper introduces endogenous and directed technical change in a growth model with environmental constraints. A unique final good is produced by combining inputs from two sectors. One of these sectors uses “dirty” machines and thus creates environmental degradation. Research can be directed to improving the technology of machines in either sector. We characterize dynamic tax policies that achieve sustainable growth or maximize intertemporal welfare. We show that: (i) in the case where the inputs are sufficiently substitutable, sustainable long-run growth can be achieved with temporary taxation of dirty innovation and production; (ii) optimal policy involves both “carbon taxes” and research subsidies, so that excessive use of carbon taxes is avoided; (iii) delay in intervention is costly: the sooner and the stronger is the policy response, the shorter is the growth transition phase; (iv) the use of an exhaustible resource in dirty input production helps the switch to clean innovation under laissez-faire when the two inputs are substitutes. Under reasonable parameter values and with sufficient substitutability between inputs, it is optimal to redirect technical change towards clean technologies immediately and optimal environmental regulation need not reduce long-run growth.
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