| 1. |
- Abbas, Syed Adeel, et al.
(författare)
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Spinel-type Na2MoO4 and Na2WO4 as promising optoelectronic materials : First-principle DFT calculations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chemical Physics. - : Elsevier. - 0301-0104 .- 1873-4421. ; 538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanical, thermodynamic, electronic, and optical properties of Na2MoO4 (NMO) and Na2WO4 (NWO) spinels are elaborated by density functional theory (DFT) based full potential augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW + lo). Our optimized lattice constants for the studied spinels are in good agreement with that obtained experimentally. The enthalpy of formation ensures the thermodynamic stability of NMO and NWO in the cubic phase. The Born mechanical stability criteria guarantees their mechanical stability, while Poisson ratio (ν) and Pugh's ratio (B/G) infer their brittle behavior. The Debye temperature (θD) is significant for NMO than NWO. The wide bandgap of 3.5 eV for NMO and 4.4 eV for NWO show the maximum absorption in the ultraviolet region that increases their importance for optoelectronic applications. The optical properties are explained in term of dielectric constant, refractive index, absorption of light, reflection, and optical loss factor.
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| 2. |
- Aleksandrov, Evgenii, et al.
(författare)
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Performance budgeting and institutional work as a ‘creative distraction' of accountability relations in a municipality
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The paper explores how the implementation of performance budgeting unfolds public managers’ attention and responses to competing accountability demands over time. Design/methodology/approach – This is a longitudinal study of one Russian municipality’s implementation of PB under central government pressures during 2013–2017. Using triangulation of 25interviews, documentary analysis and field observations, we employed institutional logics to guide the study. Findings – The paper demonstrates the dynamic properties of PB construction under competing accountability demands via the “creative distraction” metaphor. PB was a “distraction” mechanism, which, on one hand, strengthened external accountability, while, on the other, distracting the municipality from internal municipal demands. Nevertheless, this “distraction” was also “creative,” as it produced proactive responses to competing accountability demands and creative effects over time. Specifically, PB also led to elements of creative PB negotiations between departments when managers started cooperating with redirecting the irrelevant constraints of performance information in budgeting into necessary manipulations for municipal survival. The demonstrated “creative distraction” is explained by the changing institutional logics of public managers supplemented by a set of individual factors. Originality/value – The paper responds to the recent calls to study PB practice under several accountability demands over time. In this regard, we show the value of public managers’ existing institutional logics as they shape PB’s capacity to balance competing accountability demands. As we revealed, this capacity can be limited, due to possible misalignment between managers’ attention toward “what to give an account for” during budget formation (input orientation driven by OPA logic) and “what is demanded” with the introduction of PB (output orientation driven by NPM logic). Yet, the elements of proactive managerial responses are still evident over time, explained by a set of individual factors within the presented case, namely: learning NPM logic, strengthened informal relationships and a common saturation point reflected by managers.
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| 3. |
- Aleksandrova, Elena V., et al.
(författare)
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Structural basis of Cfr-mediated antimicrobial resistance and mechanisms to evade it
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Chemical Biology. - : Springer Nature. - 1552-4450 .- 1552-4469. ; 20:7, s. 867-876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bacterial ribosome is an essential drug target as many clinically important antibiotics bind and inhibit its functional centers. The catalytic peptidyl transferase center (PTC) is targeted by the broadest array of inhibitors belonging to several chemical classes. One of the most abundant and clinically prevalent resistance mechanisms to PTC-acting drugs in Gram-positive bacteria is C8-methylation of the universally conserved A2503 nucleobase by Cfr methylase in 23S ribosomal RNA. Despite its clinical importance, a sufficient understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Cfr-mediated resistance is currently lacking. Here, we report a set of high-resolution structures of the Cfr-modified 70S ribosome containing aminoacyl- and peptidyl-transfer RNAs. These structures reveal an allosteric rearrangement of nucleotide A2062 upon Cfr-mediated methylation of A2503 that likely contributes to the reduced potency of some PTC inhibitors. Additionally, we provide the structural bases behind two distinct mechanisms of engaging the Cfr-methylated ribosome by the antibiotics iboxamycin and tylosin.
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| 4. |
- Aleksandrova, Krasimira, et al.
(författare)
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Adult weight change and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 49:16, s. 3526-3536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Weight change during adult life may reflect metabolic changes and influence colorectal cancer (CRC) development, but such role is not well established. We aimed to explore the association between adult weight change (from age 20 to 50) and CRC risk. In particular, we investigated differences according to colon and rectal cancer, sex and measures of attained adiposity. Methods: We included 201,696 participants from six participating countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (1992-2010). During a mean follow-up of 11.2 years 2384 (1194 in men and 1190 in women) incident CRC cases occurred. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for body mass index at age 20 and lifestyle factors at study recruitment were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: After multivariable adjustment, each kg of weight gained annually from age 20 to 50 was associated with a 60% higher risk of colon cancer (95% CI 1.20-2.09), but not rectal cancer (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.79-1.62, P-interaction = 0.04). The higher risk of colon cancer was restricted to people with high attained waist circumference at age 50 (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.14-2.91, P-interaction = 0.02). Results were not different in men and women (P-interaction = 0.81). Conclusion(s): Adult weight gain, as reflected by attained abdominal obesity at age 50, increases colon cancer risk in both men and women. These data underline the importance of weight management and metabolic health maintenance in early adult life years for colon cancer prevention. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Aleksandrova, Krasimira, et al.
(författare)
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Biomarker patterns of inflammatory and metabolic pathways are associated with risk of colorectal cancer : results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 29:4, s. 261-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of biomarkers of inflammatory and metabolic pathways are individually related to higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the association between biomarker patterns and CRC incidence has not been previously evaluated. Our study investigates the association of biomarker patterns with CRC in a prospective nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). During median follow-up time of 7.0 (3.7-9.4) years, 1,260 incident CRC cases occurred and were matched to 1,260 controls using risk-set sampling. Pre-diagnostic measurements of C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP), reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), insulin-like growth factor 1, adiponectin, leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) were used to derive biomarker patterns from principal component analysis (PCA). The relation with CRC incidence was assessed using conditional logistic regression models. We identified four biomarker patterns 'HDL-C/Adiponectin fractions', 'ROM/CRP', 'TG/C-peptide' and 'leptin/sOB-R' to explain 60 % of the overall biomarker variance. In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, the 'HDL-C/Adiponectin fractions', 'ROM/CRP' and 'leptin/sOB-R' patterns were associated with CRC risk [for the highest quartile vs the lowest, incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.69, 95 % CI 0.51-0.93, P-trend = 0.01; IRR = 1.70, 95 % CI 1.30-2.23, P-trend = 0.002; and IRR = 0.79, 95 % CI 0.58-1.07; P-trend = 0.05, respectively]. In contrast, the 'TG/C-peptide' pattern was not associated with CRC risk (IRR = 0.75, 95 % CI 0.56-1.00, P-trend = 0.24). After cases within the first 2 follow-up years were excluded, the 'ROM/CRP' pattern was no longer associated with CRC risk, suggesting potential influence of preclinical disease on these associations. By application of PCA, the study identified 'HDL-C/Adiponectin fractions', 'ROM/CRP' and 'leptin/sOB-R' as biomarker patterns representing potentially important pathways for CRC development.
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| 6. |
- Bakker, Jimmy W.P., et al.
(författare)
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Computer screen photo-assisted off-null ellipsometry
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 45:30, s. 7795-7799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ellipsometric measurement of thickness is demonstrated using a computer screen as a light source and a webcam as a detector, adding imaging off-null ellipsometry to the range of available computer screen photoassisted techniques. The results show good qualitative agreement with a simplified theoretical model and a thickness resolution in the nanometer range is achieved. The presented model can be used to optimize the setup for sensitivity. Since the computer screen serves as a homogeneous large area illumination source, which can be tuned to different intensities for different parts of the sample, a large sensitivity range can be obtained without sacrificing thickness resolution.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bucken-Knapp, Gregg, et al.
(författare)
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The eye of the beholder: Narrating crisis in the ongoing Swedish labor migration policy debate
- 2015
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Ingår i: Korkut, U., Buchen-Knapp, G., Cox, R.H., Mahndran, K. (Eds.). Discursive Governance in Politics, Policy, and the Public Sphere. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. ; , s. 127-144
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Cayao, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Distinguishing trivial and topological zero-energy states in long nanowire junctions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 104:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emergence of zero-energy states in nontopological superconductors represents an inevitable problem that obscures the proper identification of zero-energy Majorana bound states (MBSs) and prevents their use as topologically protected qubits. In this Research Letter we investigate long superconductor-normal-superconductor junctions where trivial zero-energy states, robust over a large range of parameters, appear as a result of helicity and confinement in the normal region. We demonstrate that both equilibrium supercurrents and critical currents are sensitive to variations in the length of the superconductor regions in the topological phase hosting MBSs but, remarkably, no such length dependence exists when robust, but trivial, zero-energy states are present. This strikingly different response originates from the nonlocal nature of the MBSs, and we therefore propose it as a simple protocol for distinguishing between trivial and topological zero-energy states.
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| 10. |
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