| 76701. |
- Jotun, Patrik
(författare)
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Regionalization in Caucasia and Central Asia
- 2001
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Ingår i: Schulz, M., Söderbaum, F., Öjendal, J. (eds), Regionalization in a globalizing world. - London : Zed Books. - 1856497291
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 76702. |
- Joubert, Lloyd H., et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema shows myocardial edema with normal left ventricular systolic function
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9378 .- 1097-6868. ; 227:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia complicates approximately 5% of all pregnancies. When pulmonary edema occurs, it accounts for 50% of preeclampsia-related mortality. Currently, there is no consensus on the degree to which left ventricular systolic dysfunction contributes to the development of pulmonary edema. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to use cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to detect subtle changes in left ventricular systolic function and evidence of acute left ventricular dysfunction (through tissue characterization) in women with preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema compared with both preeclamptic and normotensive controls. STUDY DESIGN: Cases were postpartum women aged >= 18 years presenting with preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema. Of note, 2 control groups were recruited: women with preeclampsia without pulmonary edema and women with normotensive pregnancies. All women underwent echocardiography and 1.5T cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with native T1 and T2 mapping. Gadolinium contrast was administered to cases only. Because of small sample sizes, a nonparametric test (Kruskal-Wallis) with pairwise posthoc analysis using Bonferroni correction was used to compare the differences between the groups. Cardiac magnetic resonance images were interpreted by 2 independent reporters. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to assess interobserver reliability. RESULTS: Here, 20 women with preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema, 13 women with preeclampsia (5 with severe features and 8 without severe features), and 6 normotensive controls were recruited. There was no difference in the baseline characteristics between groups apart from the expected differences in blood pressure. Left atrial sizes were similar across all groups. Women with preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema had increased left ventricular mass (P=.01) but had normal systolic function compared with the normotensive controls. Furthermore, they had elevated native T1 values (P=.025) and a trend toward elevated T2 values (P=.07) in the absence of late gadolinium enhancement consistent with myocardial edema. Moreover, myocardial edema was present in all women with eclampsia or hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. Women with preeclampsia without severe features had similar findings to the normotensive controls. All cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measurements showed a very high level of interobserver correlation. CONCLUSION: This study focused on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in women with preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema, eclampsia, and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. We have demonstrated normal systolic function with myocardial edema in women with preeclampsia with these severe features. These findings implicate an acute myocardial process as part of this clinical syndrome. The pathogenesis of myocardial edema and its relationship to pulmonary edema require further elucidation. With normal left atrial sizes, any hemodynamic component must be acute.
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| 76703. |
- Joubert, M., et al.
(författare)
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'Pandem-icons' - exploring the characteristics of highly visible scientists during the Covid-19 pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: Jcom-Journal of Science Communication. - : Sissa Medialab Srl. - 1824-2049. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Covid-19 pandemic escalated demand for scientific explanations and guidance, creating opportunities for scientists to become publicly visible. In this study, we compared characteristics of visible scientists during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic (January to December 2020) across 16 countries. We find that the scientists who became visible largely matched socio-cultural criteria that have characterised visible scientists in the past (e.g., age, gender, credibility, public image, involvement in controversies). However, there were limited tendencies that scientists commented outside their areas of expertise. We conclude that the unusual circumstances created by Covid-19 did not change the phenomenon of visible scientists in significant ways.
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| 76704. |
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| 76705. |
- Joudioux, J., et al.
(författare)
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THE CONFORMAL EINSTEIN FIELD EQUATIONS WITH MASSLESS VLASOV MATTER
- 2021
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Ingår i: Annales De L Institut Fourier. - 0373-0956. ; 71:2, s. 799-842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prove the stability of de Sitter space-time as a solution to the Einstein-Vlasov system with massless particles. The semi-global stability of Minkowski space-time is also addressed. The proof relies on conformal techniques, namely Friedrich's conformal Einstein field equations. We exploit the conformal invariance of the massless Vlasov equation on the cotangent bundle and adapt Kato's local existence theorem for symmetric hyperbolic systems to prove a long enough time of existence for solutions of the evolution system implied by the Vlasov equation and the conformal Einstein field equations.
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| 76706. |
- Jouhten, P., et al.
(författare)
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Predictive evolution of metabolic phenotypes using model-designed environments
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Systems Biology. - : EMBO. - 1744-4292. ; 18:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptive evolution under controlled laboratory conditions has been highly effective in selecting organisms with beneficial phenotypes such as stress tolerance. The evolution route is particularly attractive when the organisms are either difficult to engineer or the genetic basis of the phenotype is complex. However, many desired traits, like metabolite secretion, have been inaccessible to adaptive selection due to their trade-off with cell growth. Here, we utilize genome-scale metabolic models to design nutrient environments for selecting lineages with enhanced metabolite secretion. To overcome the growth-secretion trade-off, we identify environments wherein growth becomes correlated with a secondary trait termed tacking trait. The latter is selected to be coupled with the desired trait in the application environment where the trait manifestation is required. Thus, adaptive evolution in the model-designed selection environment and subsequent return to the application environment is predicted to enhance the desired trait. We experimentally validate this strategy by evolving Saccharomyces cerevisiae for increased secretion of aroma compounds, and confirm the predicted flux-rerouting using genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses. Overall, model-designed selection environments open new opportunities for predictive evolution.
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| 76707. |
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| 76708. |
- Journath, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Association of physician's sex with risk factor control in treated hypertensive patients from Swedish primary healthcare.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 26:10, s. 2050-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the association of physician's sex with blood pressure, lipid control, and cardiovascular risk factors in treated hypertensive men and women, stratified for the sex of their physician. METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey of hypertensive patients, 264 primary care physicians (PCPs), 187 men and 77 women from across Sweden, recruited 6537 treated hypertensive patients (48% men) during 2002-2005, consecutively collected from medical records and registered on a web-based form connected to a central database. Patients were included consecutively in the same order as they visited the healthcare centre. RESULTS: Hypertensive women more often reached target systolic/diastolic blood pressure levels (<140/90 mmHg) when treated by female PCPs than when they were treated by male PCPs (32 vs. 24%, P < 0.001). This difference remained when comparing female and male physicians' nondiabetic female patients. Both male and female patients had better control of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when treated by female PCPs than when treated by male PCPs (total cholesterol <5 mmol/l: women 30 vs. 24%, P < 0.001; men 42 vs. 34%, P < 0.001; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <3 mmol/l: women 39 vs. 33%, P < 0.01; men 41 vs. 35%, P < 0.05). Female PCPs had a higher proportion of treated hypertensive patients with diabetes than did male PCPs but male PCPs had a higher prevalence of treated hypertensive men with microalbuminuria compared with female PCPs. CONCLUSION: Female physicians appeared more often to reach the treatment goal for blood pressure in female patients and cholesterol levels in all patients than did male physicians.
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| 76709. |
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| 76710. |
- Jovancevic, Boja, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Anti B-cell therapy against refractory thrombocytopenia in SLE and MCTD patients: long-term follow-up and review of the literature.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Lupus. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0962 .- 0961-2033. ; 22:7, s. 664-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical and immunological effects of anti-B cell treatment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective-tissue disease (MCTD) with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) refractory to conventional immunosuppressive treatment. Methods Rituximab (RTX) was added to the ongoing treatment of 16 patients (median age 36 years, range 17-84, all female) with treatment-resistant AITP. Thirteen patients had SLE and three had MCTD. RTX was given intravenously on four occasions during four consecutive weeks at a dose of 375mg/m(2). Clinical and laboratory disease activity variables recorded at every follow-up visit were analyzed. Results The median disease duration before RTX treatment was nine years (range 0.2-27) and the median post-treatment follow-up time was 28 months (range 3 to 92). Ten patients (63%) were treated repeatedly with RTX during the follow-up period. Complete depletion of B cells was achieved in 94% of cases one month after RTX treatment. A significant increase (p=0.0001) of platelet counts was seen already after one month (median 58×10(9)/ml vs 110×10(9)/ml) whereas within three months platelet counts normalized in 10 patients (median 223×10(9)/ml). Three patients did not respond to RTX treatment (median platelet count 69×10(9)/ml). High titers of anti-platelet antibodies were detected in seven patients before RTX treatment, and the autoantibody titers decreased significantly (p<0.03) after RTX treatment in six of these patients who also achieved complete remission. A review of the literature revealed 24 articles including 18 case reports, one retrospective cohort study and five prospective studies documenting the outcomes of 65 RTX-treated patients with SLE- or MCTD-related thrombocytopenia with an overall treatment response rate of 80%. In conclusion, these findings indicate that RTX is an additional potent therapeutic treatment option for SLE patients with AITP refractory to conventional immunosuppressive treatment whereas best response may be expected in patients with high titers of anti-platelet antibodies at baseline.
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