| 301. |
- Josefsson, Torbjörn, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) on Sport-Specific Dispositional Mindfulness, Emotion Regulation, and Self-Rated Athletic Performance in a Multiple-Sport Population : an RCT Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Mindfulness. - New York, NY : Springer. - 1868-8527 .- 1868-8535. ; 10:8, s. 1518-1529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to examine mediating effects of emotion regulation and sport-specific dispositional mindfulness on self-rated athletic training performance, following the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) intervention, compared to a Psychological Skills Training (PST) control group.MethodsSixty-nine competitive elite athletes who did not have any prior experience with mindfulness- and acceptance-based exercises, were recruited and randomly assigned into either a MAC group or a traditional PST group. Latent growth curve analyses were performed to examine longitudinal relationships among the study variables. Mediation analyses were conducted to test if the growth trajectory of each of the proposed mediators mediated the relationship between the intervention and perceived performance (measured at T3).ResultsFindings showed that the MAC intervention had an indirect effect on self-rated athletic training performance through changes in dispositional mindfulness and emotion regulation respectively. Further, the MAC- group obtained greater post-test improvements in athletic mindfulness, emotion regulation abilities, and perceived performance compared to the PST group.ConclusionsOverall, findings suggest that dispositional athletic mindfulness and emotion regulation may function as important mechanisms in MAC, and that the MAC approach is a more effective intervention compared to the PST condition in reducing emotion regulation difficulties, as well as enhancing sport-relevant mindfulness skills and perceived athletic training performance in elite sport.
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| 302. |
- Josefsson, Torbjörn, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Mindfulness Mechanisms in Sports: Mediating Effects of Rumination and Emotion Regulation on Sport-Specific Coping
- 2017
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Ingår i: Mindfulness. - New York, NY : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1868-8527 .- 1868-8535. ; 8:5, s. 1354-1363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective of the project was to examine a proposed theoretical model of mindfulness mechanisms in sports. We conducted two studies (the first study using a cross-sectional design and the second a longitudinal design) to investigate if rumination and emotion regulation mediate the relation between dispositional mindfulness and sport-specific coping. Two hundred and forty-two young elite athletes, drawn from various sports, were recruited for the cross-sectional study. For the longitudinal study, 65 elite athletes were recruited. All analyses were performed using Bayesian statistics. The path analyses showed credible indirect effects of dispositional mindfulness on coping via rumination and emotion regulation in both the cross-sectional study and the longitudinal study. Additionally, the results in both studies showed credible direct effects of dispositional mindfulness on rumination and emotion regulation. Further, credible direct effects of emotion regulation as well as rumination on coping were also found in both studies. Our findings support the theoretical model, indicating that rumination and emotion regulation function as essential mechanisms in the relation between dispositional mindfulness and sport-specific coping skills. Increased dispositional mindfulness in competitive athletes (i.e. by practicing mindfulness) may lead to reductions in rumination, as well as an improved capacity to regulate negative emotions. By doing so, athletes may improve their sport-related coping skills, and thereby enhance athletic performance.
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| 303. |
- Josefsson, Torbjörn, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical exercise intervention in depressive disorders : Meta- analysis and systematic review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - Malden, United States : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 24:2, s. 259-272
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous meta-analyses investigating the effect of exercise on depression have included trials where the control condition has been categorized as placebo despite the fact that this particular placebo intervention (e.g., meditation, relaxation) has been recognized as having an antidepressant effect. Because meditation and mindfulness-based interventions are associated with depression reduction, it is impossible to separate the effect of the physical exercise from the meditation-related parts. The present study determined the efficacy of exercise in reducing symptoms of depression compared with no treatment, placebo conditions or usual care among clinically defined depressed adults. Of 89 retrieved studies, 15 passed the inclusion criteria of which 13 studies presented sufficient information for calculating effect sizes. The main result showed a significant large overall effect favoring exercise intervention. The effect size was even larger when only trials that had used no treatment or placebo conditions were analyzed. Nevertheless, effect size was reduced to a moderate level when only studies with high methodological quality were included in the analysis. Exercise may be recommended for people with mild and moderate depression who are willing, motivated, and physically healthy enough to engage in such a program.
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| 304. |
- Josefsson, Torbjörn, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of a short-term mindfulness based intervention on self-reported mindfulness, decentering, executive attention, psychological health, and coping style: Examining unique mindfulness effects and mediators.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Mindfulness. - New York, United States : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1868-8527 .- 1868-8535. ; 5:1, s. 18-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of mindfulness intervention studies do not include active control groups. To examine potential unique effects of mindfulness practice and to study the mechanism responsible for beneficial mental health effects associated with mindfulness-based interventions, the present study compared mindfulness meditation with an active control group in a randomised controlled trial. A short-term mindfulness-based intervention (n = 46) was compared with both an active control group—relaxation training (n = 40)—and an inactive wait-list group (n = 40) on self-reported mindfulness and decentering, executive attention, psychological well-being, anxiety, depression, and coping style, in an adult working population with no prior meditation experience. Analyses of covariance showed that the mindfulness group scored higher than the wait-list group on self-reported mindfulness and psychological well-being. However, no differences were found on decentering, anxiety, depression, executive attention, or coping style. Moreover, the study failed to distinguish any unique mindfulness effects since there were no differences between mindfulness and relaxation on any of the variables. Simple mediation analyses, using a bootstrap approach, revealed that decentering acted as a mediator between self-reported mindfulness and psychological well-being. The length of the intervention, the similarities between body scan exercises in MBI and relaxation, and the absence of decentering effects may partly explain the lack of distinct MBI effects, suggesting that MBIs aimed at increasing well-being and problem-focused coping whilst reducing psychological symptoms in a working population should be longer than merely 4 weeks and include more than seven sessions.
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| 305. |
- Josefsson, Ulrika, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Person-centred web-based support - development through a Swedish multi-case study.
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC medical informatics and decision making. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6947. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Departing from the widespread use of the internet in modern society and the emerging use of web applications in healthcare this project captures persons' needs and expectations in order to develop highly usable web recourses. The purpose of this paper is to outline a multi-case research project focused on the development and evaluation of person-centred web-based support for people with long-term illness. To support the underlying idea to move beyond the illness, we approach the development of web support from the perspective of the emergent area of person-centred care. The project aims to contribute to the ongoing development of web-based supports in health care and to the emerging field of person-centred care.Methods/designThe research design uses a meta-analytical approach through its focus on synthesizing experiences from four Swedish regional and national cases of design and use of web-based support in long-term illness. The cases include children (bladder dysfunction and urogenital malformation), young adults (living close to persons with mental illness), and two different cases of adults (women with breast cancer and childbearing women with type 1 diabetes). All of the cases are ongoing, though in different stages of design, implementation, and analysis. This, we argue, will lead to a synthesis of results on a meta-level not yet described.
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| 306. |
- Järpe, Eric, 1965-
(författare)
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Surveillance of the interaction parameter of the Ising model
- 1999
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Ingår i: Communications in Statistics, Theory and Methods. - New York : Taylor & Francis. - 0361-0926 .- 1532-415X. ; 28:12, s. 3009-3027
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surveillance to detect changes of spatial patterns is of interest in many areas such as environmental control and regional analysis. Here the interaction parameter of the Ising model, is considered. A minimal sufficient statistic and its asymptotic distribution are used. It is demonstrated that the convergence to normal distribution is rapid. The main result is that when the lattice is large, all approximations are better in several respects. It is shown that, for large lattice sizes, earlier results on surveillance of a normally distributed random variable can be used in cases of most interest. The expected delay of alarm at a fixed level of false alarm probability is examined for some examples.
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| 307. |
- Jönsson, Patrik Dahlqvist, et al.
(författare)
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Persons living with bipolar disorder : Their view of the illness and the future
- 2008
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Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - New York : Informa Healthcare. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 29:11, s. 1217-1236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to describe the meaning of living with bipolar disorder (BD) based on individuals' views of the illness and their future. Interviews were conducted with 18 participants who resided in Sweden and had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Qualitative content analysis was employed. The findings revealed that daily life of those with BD was characterized by insecurity and challenges of accepting, understanding, and managing the illness. Increased hope of being able to influence the condition and receiving support to achieve a stable structure in life facilitates the management of daily life. Further research is needed on the next of kins' experiences of living with persons with BD. Copyright © Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
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| 308. |
- Kadi, Fawzi, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of physical activity and estrogen treatment on rat fast and slow skeletal muscles following ovariectomy.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of muscle research and cell motility. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 0142-4319 .- 1573-2657. ; 23:4, s. 335-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decreased estrogen production is associated with changes in the skeletal, cardiovascular and muscular systems. At the level of skeletal muscles, it has been shown that a reduction in force production occurs at menopause but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of ovariectomy on myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition. Additionally, we studied the effects of physical activity and the combined effects of physical activity and estrogen treatment on MyHC content in ovariectomised (OX) animals. Twenty-five rats were randomly assigned to five different groups: controls, runners, OX, ovariectomised runners and ovariectomised runners receiving estrogen. Exercise consisted of voluntary running for 5 weeks. Two muscles were analysed: m. extensor digitorum longus, EDL, (fast muscle) and m. soleus (slow muscle). MyHC content was analysed on 8% gel electrophoresis. The level of running activity is reduced in OX animals and estrogen administration is associated with the normalisation of the level of physical activity. Ovariectomy induces a shift from fast to slow MyHC isoforms in both the soleus and EDL. When OX animals are allowed to run, alterations in MyHC isoforms are still observed in the EDL but not in the soleus. When physical activity is combined with estrogen treatment no alterations are observed in both muscles. In conclusion, this study shows that ovariectomy induces alterations in the contractile properties of skeletal muscles and that physical activity in combination with estrogen treatment are associated with the maintenance of slow and fast muscle characteristics.
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| 309. |
- Kalén, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Domain-Specific and Domain-General Cognitive Functions and Skills in Sports Performance: A Meta-Analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychological Bulletin. - Washington, DC : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0033-2909 .- 1939-1455. ; 147:12, s. 1290-1308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognition plays a key role in sports performance. This meta-analytic review synthesizes research that examined the relationship between cognitive functions, skills, and sports performance. We identified literature by searching Cochrane Library, APA PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. We included studies conducted on competitive athletes, assessed cognitive prerequisites, and included performance measures related to the sport. Of the 9,433 screened records, 136 reports were included, containing 142 studies, 1,227 effect sizes, and 8,860 participants. Only 11 studies used a prospective study design. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies. The multilevel meta-analysis showed a medium effect size for the overall difference in cognitive functions and skills, with higher skilled athletes scoring better than lower skilled athletes (Hedges' g = 0.59, 95% CI [0.49, 0.69]). The moderator analysis showed larger effect size for tests of cognitive decision-making skills (g = 0.77, 95% CI [0.6, 0.94]) compared to basic (g = 0.39, 95% CI [0.21, 0.56]) and higher cognitive functions (g = 0.44, 95% CI [0.26, 0.62]), as well as larger effect for sport-specific task stimuli compared to general ones. We report that higher skilled athletes perform better on cognitive function tests than lower skilled athletes. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether cognitive functions and skills can predict future sport performance. We found no evidence to support claims that tests of general cognitive functions, such as executive functioning, should be used by practitioners for talent identification or player selection. Public Significance Statement This meta-analysis indicates that testing cognitive functions or skills using sport-specific stimuli has the potential to differentiate between elite and nonelite athletes. There is, however, no evidence for the usefulness of using general, non-sport-specific cognitive function tests to predict future sport performance.
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| 310. |
- Karagianni, Alexia, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term outcome after closure of an atrial shunt in patients aged 60 years or older with ischemic stroke: A nationwide, registry-based, case-control study
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology Congenital Heart Disease. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 2666-6685. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: According to the current guidelines, evidence of the effects of transcatheter closure in patients aged ≥60 years with an atrial shunt and cryptogenic stroke is still limited. Methods: Using Swedish health registries, patients aged ≥60 years who had previously developed a cryptogenic cerebrovascular event and undergone transcatheter closure were identified. Patients with atrial fibrillation were excluded, and the remaining patients were propensity score-matched with patients of the same age and risk profile who had only undergone medical treatment and with controls from the general population. They were then followed up until 2017 (mean period of 7.1 ±3.9 years). Results: In total, 100 patients of the intervention group were matched with 100 patients of the medical treatment group and with 100 controls and followed up. The hazard ratio for a recurrent ischemic stroke in the intervention group compared with the medical treatment group was 0.8 (95% confidence interval, 0.3–2.1), and that compared with the controls was 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.6–8.9). Atrial fibrillation occurred at the same rate in the two treatment groups (odds ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.4–1.7). However, patients in the intervention group developed vascular disease at a lower rate (odds ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.85). Conclusions: Patients aged ≥60 years with cryptogenic stroke may undergo transcatheter closure of an atrial shunt after thorough screening for other potential causes of stroke. The incidence of vascular disease seems to be mitigated in these patients relative to medically treated patients. © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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