| 61. |
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Traumavård vid allvarlig händelse
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Socialstyrelsens uppdrag kring traumavård har utförts mot bakgrund av ett antal allvarliga händelser i omvärlden. Flera av de lärdomar som har dragits av sådana händelser, exempelvis händelserna i Norge sommaren 2011, har relevans även för utvecklingen av den svenska traumavården. En av lärdomarna för möjligheten att hantera en allvarlig händelse med ett stort antal skadade är betydelsen av att ha en väl fungerande traumavård i vardagen. Det är därför viktigt att betona att krisberedskap måste utgå från och bygga på den förmåga som finns i aktörernas dagliga verksamhet. Socialstyrelsen har inom ramen för uppdraget kartlagt den vardagliga traumavården både genom en bred enkätundersökning samt genom regionala platsbesök. Dessutom har internationella besök i länder som har erfarenhet av särskilt inrättade system för traumavård genomförts. Landstingen organiserar sin hälso- och sjukvård, och däribland sin traumavård på olika sätt. Detta leder i sin tur till att dokumentation och arbetssätt skiljer sig åt vilket kan medföra problem särskilt i samband med allvarliga händelser vilka ofta kräver omfattande samarbete såväl mellan sjukhus som mellan landsting och andra aktörer. För att överbrygga sådana skillnader krävs enligt Socialstyrelsen noggrant, och i möjligaste mån, enhetligt utarbetade planer och rutiner liksom en väl utvecklad, reglerad och inövad samverkan. Kartläggningen visar dock att detta brister i många fall i dagsläget. Socialstyrelsen har mot bakgrund av detta lämnat åtgärdsförslag i syfte att stärka traumavården i hela dess kedja, från det prehospitala omhändertagandet och transportmedicin - till frågor kring kompetensutveckling och tillgång till utrustning inom ramen för den hospitala traumavården. Socialstyrelsens förslag riktas till de enskilda landstingen och utgår från vad som behöver finnas på plats för att stärka ledning, styrning och kompetensförsörjning, exempelvis vad gäller framtagande av kriterier och dokumentation. Förslagen är av övergripande karaktär och ska ses som ett första steg i ett arbete där gemensamma insatser mellan olika aktörer, inte minst mellan landstingen själva, kommer att vara nödvändiga för att åstadkomma dessa förbättringar. I rapporten presenteras även ett antal strategiska vägval som i huvudsak riktar sig till den nationella nivån. Det mest centrala vägvalet, som kräver ett nationellt initiativ, är införandet av ett nivåindelat traumavårdsystem i likhet med vad som finns internationellt. Ett sådant system skulle kunna organiseras i nätverk med prehospital vård, traumaenheter samt traumacentrum på nationell nivå med möjligheter att ta emot patienter från olika regioner beroende på skadetyp. Sådana centrum skulle också kunna tillhandahålla kompetens och stöd till andra nivåer i systemet samt utveckla forskning, kvalitetsuppföljning m.m. Det system som beskrivs i denna rapport knyter på många sätt an till utredningen om den högspecialiserade vården (dir 2014:56 Utveckling av den högspecialiserade vården). Föreliggande rapport och det betänkande som ska lämnas den 25 november 2015 bör således läsas i ett sammanhang. Ytterligare strategiska vägval som bör hanteras är enligt Socialstyrelsen en utveckling av den nationella samverkan inom det civil-militära området, utbildnings- och kompetensfrågor samt deltagandet i det nordiska samarbetet. Det är Socialstyrelsens förhoppning att denna rapport, tillsammans med den nationella statliga nivåns arbete med kunskapsstyrning av svensk krisberedskap och traumavård, kan ligga till grund för ett fortsatt arbete med att utveckla förmågan att hantera en allvarlig händelse med ett stort antal skadade.
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| 62. |
- van Dijk, Laura J. A., 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Single, but not dual, attack by a biotrophic pathogen and a sap-sucking insect affects the oak leaf metabolome
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants interact with a multitude of microorganisms and insects, both below- and above ground, which might influence plant metabolism. Despite this, we lack knowledge of the impact of natural soil communities and multiple aboveground attackers on the metabolic responses of plants, and whether plant metabolic responses to single attack can predict responses to dual attack. We used untargeted metabolic fingerprinting (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS) on leaves of the pedunculate oak, Quercus robur, to assess the metabolic response to different soil microbiomes and aboveground single and dual attack by oak powdery mildew (Erysiphe alphitoides) and the common oak aphid (Tuberculatus annulatus). Distinct soil microbiomes were not associated with differences in the metabolic profile of oak seedling leaves. Single attacks by aphids or mildew had pronounced but different effects on the oak leaf metabolome, but we detected no difference between the metabolomes of healthy seedlings and seedlings attacked by both aphids and powdery mildew. Our findings show that aboveground attackers can have species-specific and non-additive effects on the leaf metabolome of oak. The lack of a metabolic signature detected by GC-MS upon dual attack might suggest the existence of a potential negative feedback, and highlights the importance of considering the impacts of multiple attackers to gain mechanistic insights into the ecology and evolution of species interactions and the structure of plant-associated communities, as well as for the development of sustainable strategies to control agricultural pests and diseases and plant breeding.
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| 63. |
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| 64. |
- Christakopoulos, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Production and partial characterization of xylanase from Fusarium oxysporum
- 1996
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 58:2, s. 115-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production of xylanase by Fusarium oxysporum strain F3 was enhanced by optimization of initial pH of the culture medium, the type and concentration of nitrogen and carbon source, and the growth temperature. Under these conditions, yields as high as 245 U/ml of culture medium were obtained. The most important characteristic of the enzyme is its high pH stability. It retained 80 and 66% of the activity at pH 9.0 after 24 h at 4 and 30°C, respectively. Chromogenic (fluorogenic) 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-glycosides of xylose (MUX) and xylobiose (MUX2) were used to characterize xylanase multienzyme components, after separation by isoelectric focusing. The zymogram indicated one major, one minor xylanase and one active β-xylosidase exhibiting pI values of 9.5, 6.5 and 3.8, respectively
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| 65. |
- Jayaprakash, Kartheyaene, et al.
(författare)
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Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced inflammatory responses in THP1 cells are altered by native and modified low-density lipoproteins in a strain-dependent manner
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 126:8, s. 667-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strong epidemiological evidence supports an association between cardiovascular and periodontal disease and furthermore, the periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis has been identified in blood and from atheromatous plaques. Blood exposed to P.gingivalis shows an increased protein modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). In this study, we investigate the inflammatory responses of THP1 cells incubated with P.gingivalis and the effects of native or modified LDL on these responses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and IL-1 were observed in THP1 cells following infection with P.gingivalis ATCC33277 and W50. Caspase 1 activity was quantified in THP1 cells and correlated with IL-1 accumulation. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) induced IL-1 release and CD36 expression on THP1 cells. Modified LDL co-stimulated with ATCC33277 exhibited regulatory effects on caspase 1 activity, IL-1 release and CD36 expression in THP1 cells, whereas W50 induced more modest responses in THP1 cells. In summary, we show that P.gingivalis is capable of inducing pro-inflammatory responses in THP1 cells, and native and modified LDL could alter these responses in a dose- and strain-dependent manner. Strain-dependent differences in THP1 cell responses could be due to the effect of P.gingivalis proteases, presence or absence of capsule and proteolytic transformation of native and modified LDL.
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| 66. |
- Pereyra, Ricardo T., 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and characterization of nuclear microsatellite loci in the northern shrimp, Pandalus borealis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Conservation Genetics Resources. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1877-7252 .- 1877-7260. ; 4:1, s. 109-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We developed and characterized 20 microsatellite primer loci for the northern shrimp Pandalus borealis. All 20 loci were polymorphic with number of alleles ranging from 3 to 36 and with observed heterozygosity between 0.04 and 0.93. In addition, we tested the utility of these markers in three related shrimp species, P. montagui, Atlantopandalus propinqvus and Dichelopandalus bonnieri. These new markers will prove useful in the identification of stock structure and hence, assessment of the commercially important species P. borealis.
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
- Abbas, Sascha, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium and breast cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nutrition and Cancer. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0163-5581 .- 1532-7914. ; 65:2, s. 178-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies assessing the effects of vitamin D or calcium intake on breast cancer risk have been inconclusive. Furthermore, few studies have evaluated them jointly. This study is the largest so far examining the association of dietary vitamin D and calcium intake with breast cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. During a mean follow-up of 8.8 yr, 7760 incident invasive breast cancer cases were identified among 319,985 women. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of vitamin D intake, HR and 95% CI were 1.07 (0.87-1.32) and 1.02 (0.90-1.16) for pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively. The corresponding HR and 95% CIs for calcium intake were 0.98 (0.80-1.19) and 0.90 (0.79-1.02), respectively. For calcium intake in postmenopausal women, the test for trend was borderline statistically significant (P(trend) = 0.05). There was no significant interaction between vitamin D and calcium intake and cancer risk (P(interaction) = 0.57 and 0.22 in pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively). In this large prospective cohort, we found no evidence for an association between dietary vitamin D or calcium intake and breast cancer risk.
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| 69. |
- Brand, Abby L., et al.
(författare)
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The performance of plasma amyloid beta measurements in identifying amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease : a literature review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-9193. ; 14:1, s. 195-195
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extracellular buildup of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Detection of Aβ pathology is essential for AD diagnosis and for identifying and recruiting research participants for clinical trials evaluating disease-modifying therapies. Currently, AD diagnoses are usually made by clinical assessments, although detection of AD pathology with positron emission tomography (PET) scans or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis can be used by specialty clinics. These measures of Aβ aggregation, e.g. plaques, protofibrils, and oligomers, are medically invasive and often only available at specialized medical centers or not covered by medical insurance, and PET scans are costly. Therefore, a major goal in recent years has been to identify blood-based biomarkers that can accurately detect AD pathology with cost-effective, minimally invasive procedures.To assess the performance of plasma Aβ assays in predicting amyloid burden in the central nervous system (CNS), this review compares twenty-one different manuscripts that used measurements of 42 and 40 amino acid-long Aβ (Aβ42 and Aβ40) in plasma to predict CNS amyloid status. Methodologies that quantitate Aβ42 and 40 peptides in blood via immunoassay or immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) were considered, and their ability to distinguish participants with amyloidosis compared to amyloid PET and CSF Aβ measures as reference standards was evaluated. Recent studies indicate that some IP-MS assays perform well in accurately and precisely measuring Aβ and detecting brain amyloid aggregates.
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| 70. |
- Clarke, Rodney
(författare)
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The Discursive Organisation of Action and Language in Workpractice Descriptions
- 2003
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- From a Systemic Semiotic perspective, instances of organisational communication (texts) and their general patterns (text types or genres) are treated as distinct from workplace action and their general patterns (action types). Administrative and Manufacturing systems demonstrate how genres and action types are discursively organised into workpractices. Different kinds of action can be identified in systems.
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