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Sökning: AMNE:(MEDICIN) AMNE:(Socialmedicin) AMNE:(Folkhälsomedicinska forskningsområden) > (2005-2009)

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1.
  • Larsson, Matz, et al. (författare)
  • Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and health effects among hospitality workers in Sweden : before and after the implementation of a smoke-free law
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - Helsingfors : Institutet för arbetshygien. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 34:4, s. 267-277
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives This study attempted to identify changes in exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, as well as symptoms and attitudes among hospitality workers after the introduction of extended smoke-free workplace legislation.Methods A total of 37 volunteers working in bingo halls and casinos (gaming workers) and 54 bars and restaurant employees (other workers) in nine Swedish communities participated in the study. Altogether 71 of 91 persons (14 daily smokers and 57 nonsmokers) participated in both the preban baseline survey and the follow-up 12 months after the ban. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, smoking habits, respiratory and sensory symptoms, and attitudes towards the ban were recorded, and spirometry was carried out.Results The frequency of reported respiratory and sensory symptoms was approximately halved among the nonsmokers in both occupational groups after the introduction of the ban. Initially 87% had exposure to environmental tobacco smoke that was over the nicotine cut-off level chosen to identify possible health risk (<0.5 µg/m3), while, after the ban, it was only 22%, a relative risk of 0.25 (95% confidence interval 0.15–0.41). The risk decreased in both occupational groups, but gaming workers experienced the highest preban exposure levels. Attitudes towards the legislation were largely positive, particularly after the ban. However, there was no notable change in lung function, and there was no notable reduction in the number of cigarettes consumed by smokers.Conclusions The introduction of smoke-free legislation was associated with a substantial reduction in respiratory and sensory symptoms, as well as reduced exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at work, particularly among gaming workers.
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2.
  • Bjerneld, Magdalena (författare)
  • Images, Motives, and Challenges for Western Health Workers in Humanitarian Aid
  • 2009
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis presents how humanitarian aid workers were attracted, motivated, recruited, and prepared for fieldwork, and how they reported their work experience directly from the field and when they returned home. Data were derived from interviews with experienced aid workers, focus group discussions with presumptive aid workers, analysis of letters from aid workers in the field on MSFs homepages in Europe, and from interviews with recruitment officers at some of the main humanitarian organisations. Health professionals were attracted by the positive images of humanitarian action. They wished to work in teams with like-minded people, and to make a difference in the world. However, this image was not supported by the recruitment officers, or experienced aid workers, who described a complex reality in humanitarian action. The experienced aid workers instead had realised they learned more than they contributed. The recruitment system for relief workers would benefit from a more holistic approach, where personalities of the aid workers are more in focus. More time must be spent with the applicants, both recruited and returning aid workers, in order to improve the system. A socialisation approach could help identify the right personnel and to motivate current personnel to continue.
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3.
  • Brunnberg, Elinor, et al. (författare)
  • Att ha minst en förälder som missbrukar alkohol : om psykisk ohälsa och utvärderade interventioner
  • 2007
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • En riskfaktor för psykisk ohälsa bland barn och ungdomar är alkoholmissbruk i familjen.Barnen och ungdomarna kan indelas i tre grupper, de som mår bra, de som befinner sig i en gråzon, och de som far illa. I denna rapport fokuseras på de barn som far illa. I Sverige finns ca 200 000 barn som lever med minst en förälder som missbrukar alkohol. Studier från andra länder visar också höga siffror och det innebär att det finns två till åtta barn i varje grupp om 25 barn som växer upp i en familj med dessa problem. En amerikansk studie har visat att det är nästan vart tredje barn som är barn till alkoholiserade föräldrar. Livet i en alkoholistfamilj kan vara kaotiskt och oförutsägbart, men också mycket varierat mellan olika familjer.Syftet med denna systematiska kunskapsöversikt är att beskriva vilken kunskap som idag finns om psykisk hälsa och ohälsa hos barn med en alkoholiserad förälder alternativt båda föräldrarna samt vilka risker barnen utsätts för. I översikten kommer även vilket stöd och skydd dessa barn behöver och kan få i Sverige idag att presenteras. Kunskapsöversikten kommer dessutom att granska vilka interventioner som utvärderats och presenterats i svensk och internationell forskning Systematisk litteratursökning har gjorts i flera databaser för att hitta vetenskapliga publikationer inom området och en genomgång av samtliga avhandlingar i socialt arbete som skrivits vid fem universitet i Sverige har gjorts. Även andra vetenskapliga rapporter finns med i kunskapsgenomgången. Dessa har hittats mera slumpmässigt vid genomgång av referenslistor, sökning på olika myndigheters databaser, tips från andra forskare m.m.I resultatet presenteras den utsatthet barn till alkoholmissbrukare har ökad risk för. Det kan vara emotionella svårigheter, anpassnings- och beteendeproblem, skolproblem med svårigheter i kamratkontakter och kognitiva problem, samt risk för en ökad alkoholkonsumtion. De skyddsfaktorer som redovisas är faktorer inom barnet själv, stöd till föräldrar och därigenom ett indirekt stöd till barnen, direkt stöd till barnen, t.ex. i form av signifikanta vuxna, samt kritiska händelser som kan fungera skyddande. I Sverige stöder regeringen gruppstödsverksamheter för barn till alkoholiserade föräldrar. I den aktuella kunskapsgenomgången redovisas forskning på interventioner för barn till alkoholiserade föräldrar. Det finns få rapporterade interventioner som också är utvärderade. Trots kritiken mot att så få utvärderade interventionsstudier gjorts, förordas fortsatt gruppstödsverksamhet för barn till alkoholiserade föräldrar samt att individuella och familjebaserade interventionsprogramn utvecklas och utvärderas.
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4.
  • Brunnberg, Elinor, 1948-, et al. (författare)
  • Att höra eller nästan inte höra : Liv & hälsa ung 2005 och 2007 i Örebro län
  • 2009
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • I linje med FN:s barnkonvention och Konventionen om rättigheter förpersoner med funktionshinder ska ungdomars röst göras hörd. Den härrapporten bygger helt på ungdomars uppgifter om sin verklighet.Studierna Liv & hälsa ung 2005 och 2007 visar att i den reguljära skolanupplever drygt fem procent av eleverna att de har ett funktionshinder närdet gäller hörseln och de rapporterar ofta en utsatt situation. Det finns även hörselskadade ungdomar på specialskolan/riksgymnasiet för döva och hörselskadade. De hörselskadade ungdomarna är en grupp som rapporterar en mängd hälsorelaterade problem, många känner sig mobbade av kamrater eller kränkta av vuxna i skolan. Det är också en grupp som förhållandevis ofta rapporterar bruk av alkohol, tobak och narkotika. De kan även ha andra funktionsnedsättningar eller tinnitus. De hörselskadade ungdomarna är en högriskgrupp som behöver uppmärksammas och få ett bättre anpassat stöd. Det behövs fördjupade studier hur stödet kan utformas på ett relevant sätt, speciellt gäller det dem med flera funktionshinder. För att göra detta är det viktigt att ungdomarna själva involveras i arbetet. Fördjupade studier behövs också om hur hörselskadade ungdomars delaktighet i den reguljära skolan kan förbättras samt om vad som skapar exempelvis stress, trötthet och olyckor. Det behövs åtgärder för att minska den mobbning som sker och inte minst minska det ungdomar rapporterar om kränkning från vuxna. Det behövs riktade insatser för att öka de hörselskadade ungdomarnas simkunnighet och fysiska aktivitet. Det är också av stor betydelse för de hörselskadade och döva ungdomarna att det finns kompetent tvåspråkig (svenska och teckenspråk) personal på ungdomsmottagningar och barnahus.
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5.
  • Ståhl, Christian, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • The Work Ability Divide : Holistic and Reductionistic Approaches in Swedish Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Teams
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Journal of occupational rehabilitation. - : Springer Netherlands. - 1053-0487 .- 1573-3688. ; 19:3, s. 264-273
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Stakeholder cooperation in return to work has been increasingly emphasised in research, while studies on how such cooperation works in practise are scarce. This article investigates the relationship between professionals in Swedish interdisciplinary rehabilitation teams, and the aim of the article is to determine the participants’ definitions and uses of the concept of work ability. Methods The methods chosen were individual interviews with primary health care centre managers and focus groups with twelve interdisciplinary teams including social insurance officers, physicians, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, medical social workers and coordinators. Results The results show that the teams have had problems with reaching a common understanding of their task, due to an inherent tension between the stakeholders. This tension is primarily a result of two factors: divergent perspectives on work ability between the health professionals and the Social Insurance Agency, and different approaches to cooperative work among physicians. Health professionals share a holistic view on work ability, relating it to a variety of factors. Social insurance officers, on the other hand, represent a reductionistic stance, where work ability is reduced to medical status. Assessments of work ability therefore tend to become a negotiation between insurance officers and physicians. Conclusions A suggestion from the study is that the teams, with proper education, could be used as an arena for planning and coordinating return-to-work, which would strengthen their potential in managing the prevention of work disability.
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6.
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7.
  • Ålander, Ture, et al. (författare)
  • Abuse in Women and Men with and without Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0163-2116 .- 1573-2568. ; 53:7, s. 1856-1864
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We aimed to investigate the history of abuse in childhood and adulthood and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in women and men with FGID in the general adult population. A cross-sectional study in a random population sample (n = 1,537, 20-87 years) living in Osthammar municipality, Sweden, in 1995 was performed. Persons with FGID (n = 141) and a group of abdominal symptom-free controls (SSF, n = 97) were selected by means of a validated questionnaire assessing gastrointestinal symptoms (the ASQ). Abuse, anxiety and depression (the HADS) and HRQL (the PGWB) were measured. Women with FGID had a higher risk of having a history of some kind of abuse, as compared with the SSF controls (45% vs.16%, OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.01-3.9; SSF = 1), in contrast to men (29% vs. 24% n.s.). Women with a history of abuse and FGID had reduced HRQL 91 (95% CI 85-97) as compared with women without abuse history 100 (95% CI 96-104, P = 0.01, "healthy" = 102-105 on PGWB). Childhood emotional abuse was a predictor for consulting with OR = 4.20 (95% CI: 1.12-15.7.7). Thus, previous abuse is common in women with FGID and must be considered by the physician for diagnosis and treatment of the disorder.
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8.
  • Brattberg, Gunilla (författare)
  • Internet-based rehabilitation for individuals with chronic pain and burnout : a randomized trial
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0342-5282 .- 1473-5660. ; 29:3, s. 221-227
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study investigates utilization of the Internet in the rehabilitation of people on long-term sick leave with chronic pain and/or burnout. Fifty-five people were randomly assigned to two groups: a treatment group (n = 27) that participated in a rehabilitation course over the Internet and a waiting list group (n = 28). The goals were to improve participants' health and increase quality of life, and, for those who were not on permanent disability pensions, to increase work capacity, if possible. A 20-week program, based on 19 films on different themes, was supplemented with written material and a Socratic dialogue over the Internet. Upon completion of the rehabilitation course, statistically significant improvements were observed in the treatment group in comparison to the waiting list group, for variables such as depression, pain, vitality, social function, performance problems involving work or other activities due to physical illness and the presence of stress symptoms. Thirteen of 23 individuals (57%) also increased their work capacity. The number needed to treat regarding recovering from anxiety and depression was 2. For increased work capacity, the number needed to treat was 3. Rehabilitation of people on long-term sick leave carried out over the Internet is a good complement to other rehabilitation programs.
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9.
  • Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al. (författare)
  • Incidence of asthma among workers exposed to sulfur dioxide and other irritant gases
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 27:4, s. 720-5.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the present study was to investigate whether repeated peak exposure (gassings) to sulphur dioxide (SO2) and other irritant gases increases the risk of new-onset asthma. A questionnaire was sent to 4,112 sulphite workers, of whom 1,919 completed the questionnaire and 396 completed the short-form questionnaire, which was sent out as a last reminder. A sample of 130 nonrespondents completed a telephone interview using the short-form questionnaire. The incidence of adult-onset, physician-diagnosed asthma during employment duration was analysed in relation to exposure to SO2 and gassings giving rise to respiratory symptoms. Incidence rates, as well as incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI), were calculated. Further Cox regression models were used allowing assessment of hazard ratios (HR) stratified for sex and adjusted for atopy, smoking habits and age. The incidence rate for asthma among sulphite mill workers reporting gassings of SO2 was 6.2 out of 1,000 person-yrs, compared with 1.9 out of 1,000 person-yrs among subjects unexposed to SO2 and any gassings (HR (95% CI) 4.0 (2.1-7.7)). Among males reporting gassings to SO2, the HR (95% CI) for asthma was 5.8 (2.6-13) compared with unexposed males. In conclusion, repeated peak exposure to sulphur dioxide increased the incidence of asthma during work in sulphite pulp mills, which supports the hypothesis of irritant-induced asthma.
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10.
  • Lisspers, Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Organisation of asthma care in primary health care in Mid-Sweden
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Primary Care Respiratory Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-4418 .- 1475-1534. ; 14:3, s. 147-153
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: To investigate the organisation of asthma care in 240 primary health care centres (PHCCs) in Mid-Sweden. METHODS: A cross-sectional study. Main outcomes were occurrence and structure of nurse-based asthma clinics according to nationally recommended criteria, and access and use of spirometers. RESULTS: 238 PHCCs (99%) responded. 16% reported a complete, and 37% an incomplete, asthma clinic. 47% of PHCCs had no asthma clinic. The incomplete asthma clinics usually lacked sufficient asthma nurse time, a scheduled nurse surgery and a responsible GP. 77% of the PHCCs had access to a spirometer and on average 19 spirometries/1000 inhabitants/year were performed. There was a large variation in the use of spirometers. CONCLUSION: Half of the PHCCs had an asthma clinic and a majority had access to a spirometer. More frequent use of spirometry and increased time provision for the asthma nurse would be likely to produce a substantial improvement in the standard of asthma care in primary health care.
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