| 1. |
- Björklund, Margereth, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer patients' experiences of nurses' behaviour and health promotion activities : a critical incident analysis
- 1999
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 0961-5423 .- 1365-2354. ; 8:4, s. 204-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with head and neck cancer report several disease- and health-related problems before, during and a long time after completed treatment. Nurses have an important role in educating/supporting these patients about/through the disease and treatment so that they can attain well-being. This study describes the cancer patients' experiences of nurses' behaviour in terms of critical incidents after nurses had given them care to promote health. The study had a qualitative, descriptive design and the method used was the critical incident technique. Twenty-one informants from the Nordic countries diagnosed with head and neck cancer were strategically selected. It was explained to the informants what a critical incident implies before the interviews took place; this was defined as a major event of great importance, an incident, which the informants still remember, due to its great importance for the outcome of their health and well-being. The nurses' behaviour was examined, and critical incidents were involved in 208 cases-150 positive and 58 negative ones-the number of incidents varying between three and 20 per informant. The nurses' health promotion activities or lack of such activities based on the patients' disease, treatment and symptoms, consisted of informing and instructing the patients as well as enabling their participation. Personal consideration and the nurses' cognisance, knowledge, competence, solicitude, demeanour and statements of understanding were found to be important. Continuous health promotion nursing interventions were of considerable value for the majority of this group of cancer patients. Oncology nurses could reconfirm and update the care of head and neck cancer patients by including health promotion activities in individual care plans. By more frequent use of health promotion models, such as the empowerment model, the nurses could identify and focus on those individuals who needed to alter their life-style as well as tailor their approach towards these patient by setting goals for well-being and a healthy life-style.
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| 2. |
- Karlsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid dysfunction in Down's syndrome : relation to age and thyroid autoimmunity
- 1998
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Ingår i: Archives of Disease in Childhood. - 0003-9888 .- 1468-2044. ; 79:3, s. 242-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The prevalence of thyroid disease is increased in Down's syndrome. Most available data come from cross sectional studies. AIMS: To study longitudinally thyroid function in patients with Down's syndrome in Uppsala county (85 patients) up to the age of 25 years. METHODS: Observational study based on yearly follow up in a children's clinic. Thyroid function tests were performed at each visit to the clinic. RESULTS: Hypothyroidism was found in 30 and hyperthyroidism was found in two of the 85 patients. No sex difference was seen. Half of the patients with hypothyroidism acquired the condition before the age of 8 years, but only one of them displayed thyroid autoantibodies at diagnosis. Most patients who developed hypothyroidism after this age had thyroid autoantibodies. In the prepubertal patients with hypothyroidism, growth velocity was lower during the year before the start of thyroxine treatment than during the year after treatment began; it was also lower than that of sex and age matched euthyroidic children with Down's syndrome. CONCLUSION: Thyroid dysfunction in patients with Down's syndrome is common in childhood. Consequently, annual screening is important. Autoimmune thyroid disease is uncommon in young children with Down's syndrome but is common after 8 years of age.
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| 3. |
- Rahm Hallberg, Ingalill, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperation During Morning Care Between Nurses and Severely Demented Institutionalized Patients
- 1995
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Ingår i: Clinical Nursing Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1054-7738 .- 1552-3799. ; 4:1, s. 78-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nurse-patient cooperation during morning care in two wards for the care of severely demented patients (107 observations) were analyzed by using a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach. Nurse-patient cooperation was found to be characterized by their acting in mutuality or unilaterality and in or out of pace with each other. When acting in pace and mutuality, the nurse and patient turned to each other as persons as well as to the task. This theme related to confirming nurse actions and actions that provided opportunities for the patient to participate. When acting out of pace and unilaterality, cooperation was mainly task oriented and related to acts of resistance, the use of force, loss of attention or turning to others, or the patient wanted to escape. The findings were interpreted within the contexts of power, empowerment, and powerlessness and may serve as indicators of low- or high-quality nurse-patient cooperation during morning care provided for demented patients.
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| 4. |
- Wendin, Karin, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Low-fat mayonnaise : Influences of fat content, aroma compounds and thickeners
- 1997
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Ingår i: Food Hydrocolloids. - 0268-005X .- 1873-7137. ; 11:1, s. 87-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of fat content and thickeners, propylene glycol alginate (PGA; 1.40%) and guar gum (1.55%), on sensory and instrumental quality descriptors on reduced fat mayonnaises (15 and 30% fat) with and without added aroma compounds, citral (semi-polar) and pyroligneous acid (polar), were investigated. One mayonnaise, 82% fat, without added thickener or aroma compounds was used as reference. Sensory evaluation (quantitative descriptive analysis; QDA), rheological analysis (yield stress, maximum viscosity, G' and G''), measurements of particle size and headspace CC-MS analyses were carried out. Correlations between the results were developed Perceived and instrumental texture, and perceived smell and flavour, changed differently in magnitude and direction due to fat content and type of thickener.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, P, et al.
(författare)
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Testing an oral assessment guide during chemotherapy treatment in a Swedish care setting: a pilot study
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1365-2702 .- 0962-1067. ; 8:2, s. 150-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oral complications are common in patients with haematological malignancies who undergo chemotherapy treatment. A pilot study including 16 haematological patients was carried out to evaluate the oral status using an Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) and to test the reliability of the OAG. The oral assessments were made daily by registered nurses at a Department of Internal Medicine in Sweden. Once a week a dental hygienist made the oral assessments independent of the registered nurses in order to provide data for calculations of inter-rater reliability. All patients had varying degrees of alterations in the oral cavity, especially in the mucous membranes, teeth/dentures and gums. The inter-rater agreement between the nurses and the dental hygienist was good for saliva and swallow, and moderate for voice and gums. Assessments to detect alterations in the oral cavity afford the opportunity for early and individualized interventions and may decrease the risk of oral infections. It is necessary to train the nurses to ensure high levels of reliability in the oral assessments. The OAG seems to be a reliable and clinical useful tool for assessing the oral cavity status and determining changes.
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| 6. |
- Berg, Agneta, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' reflections about dementia care, the patients, the care and themselves in their daily caregiving
- 1998
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 35:5, s. 271-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study the aim was, through interviews, to disclose 13 nurses personal knowledge about the patients, themselves, and care provision, using a phenomenological-hermeneutic analysing method. Caring for people with severe dementia meant an intertwined life world emanating from making and doing together and the delicate interpretative work that the care provision required. The intertwined life world consisted of the interaction between the nurses and the patients separate lives, their common life and the environment, culminating in mutual dependency. Making together signifies the relationship being based on the nurses knowledge and skills as nurses i.e. the task they had to perform. Doing together signifies the relationship being based on the oneness of the nurses and the patients with severe dementia as ordinary human beings. The delicate interpretation process required, to adapt care to the individual patient, was based on knowledge about the patients personality, life history and disease progression in combination with the nurses interpretation of the current situation. The nurses searched for meaning and that, in turn, meant that the patients inner world was determined by the nurses and thus the patient was seen as being in their hands. It seems important to further understand the human aspects of both the nurse and the patient and to examine this dynamic, ongoing, vulnerable interpretation process, critically, in order to achieve high quality nursing care for the patients with severe dementia, and an experience of well-being in nurses everyday working lives.
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| 7. |
- Lindgren, M., et al.
(författare)
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Restitution of neurophysiological functions, performance, and subjective symptoms after moderate insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in non-diabetic men
- 1996
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 13:3, s. 218-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The restoration of cognitive function was studied in 10 healthy men aged 26 years (25.5 +/- 1.2 years; mean +/- SD) after insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (arterialized blood glucose 2.5 +/- 0.4 mmol l-1) for 62 +/- 8 min. Another group of six men participated in a single blind sham study for comparison. The hypoglycaemic event caused a significant increase (p = 0.006) in serum adrenaline levels. Ratings of adrenergically mediated symptoms increased during hypoglycaemia (p = 0.006), as did neuroglycopenic symptoms (p = 0.002), although neuroglycopenia ratings increased in both studies. During hypoglycaemia, P300 amplitudes in a relatively demanding visual search task decreased (p = 0.02), whereas easier tasks were unaffected. The amplitudes were restored after 40 min of normoglycaemia. Reaction time deteriorated after restoration of normoglycaemia, suggesting an effect of hypoglycaemia on learning. Thus, hypoglycaemia at a blood glucose level that is common among patients treated with insulin causes clear cognitive dysfunction, although restoration of the cognitive dysfunction to normal was fast.
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| 8. |
- Persson, Lena, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Acute leukaemia and malignant lymphoma patients' experiences of disease, treatment and nursing care during the active treatment phase : an explorative study
- 1995
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - : John Wiley & Sons Inc.. - 0961-5423 .- 1365-2354. ; 4:3, s. 133-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five acute leukaemia or high malignant lymphoma patients at a hospital in southern Sweden were interviewed about their daily living problems, their coping strategies and their opinions about the nursing care they received during the active phase of their treatment. In addition the EORTC QLQ-C30, the Global Life Quality and the Sense of Coherence scales were administered. The data were analysed from a hermeneutic phenomenological perspective and interpreted to indicate that the patients sensed a threat to their lives, loss of control and having to live in uncertainty stemming from the disease and the treatment. They had problems with such things as fatigue, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, sore mouth, and high temperature. However they seemed to minimise the importance of these problems and instead focused on gaining control of the situation, developing their knowledge of the disease and relying on the support of their family. Contradictions appeared in their statements about the quality of care; the information given was said to be good but difficult to understand, though the quality of the nursing care was judged to be high it had to be asked for i.e. help was received on request. In conclusion the entire situation of the patients perspective of both from the family and the nurses, needs to be studied in further research in order to fully understand the patients´ coping strategies and how nursing care can support them.
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| 9. |
- Persson, Lena, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Spouses' view during their partners' illness and treatment
- 1998
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Ingår i: Cancer Nursing. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0162-220X .- 1538-9804. ; 21:2, s. 97-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nine spouses of people who had suffered from acute leukaemia or highly malignant lymphoma were interviewed about their experiences of everyday life throughout their partner’s illness and treatment, and their view of the professional care provided. The transcribed texts were subjected to phenomenological-hermeneutic analysis. The spouses felt they were in a situation of overall severe crisis i.e. experiencing feelings of distress, restrictions and limited or lack of support. The analysis revealed three family types: the couple acting as a unit, the couple acting independently on equal terms, and the couple acting separately with the spouse in a subordinate position. The spouses´ evaluation of the entire experience varied according to the family type and the spouses´ personal resources, which influenced the availability and utilization of their social network and the support of health care staff. Contentment was related to the couple acting as a unit or the couple acting independently on equal terms and taking control over the situation, actively asking for support and requiring the staff to meet their needs. Discontentment was related to subordination of the spouse to the partner or to health care staff, and failure to obtain support within the couple or from others. Empowering the spouses may mean helping them develop their skills, providing opportunities and authority and gaining access to resources based on knowledge of the family type, the consent of the partner and the spouses´ freedom to make choices. This may well lead to increased efficiency and have positive effects for the patients, the spouses and for them both as a couple.
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| 10. |
- Svederberg, Eva, 1946-
(författare)
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Tänkande bakom val och användning av livsmedel : faktorer som medverkar till eller utgör hinder för förändring av matvanor
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingsarbetet fokuserar tänkande och handlande i förhållande till livsmedel som pedagogiska förutsättningar för förståelse av kostbudskap och näringsrekommendationer. Studiens syfte var att undersöka och beskriva hur tidigare erfarenheter framträder i människors tänkande och handlande i förhållande till deras val och användning av fettrika resp. kostfiberrika livsmedel för att belysa faktorer som medverkar till eller utgör hinder för förändring av matvanor i hälsofrämjande riktning. I studien ingick arton metallarbetarfamiljer i Sverige där föräldrarna är födda och uppvuxna i Finland, Kroatien eller Sverige. Den öppna och explorativa datainsamlingen i varje familj bestod av en deltagande observation vid tillagning av en vardagsmiddag och två halvstrukturerade och fokuserade intervjuer, en om fettrika livsmedel och en om kostfiberrika livsmedel. Analysen hade en tolkande och kontextuell karaktär och syftade till beskrivningskategorier för beskrivning av vad som karaktäriserar tänkandet bakom val och användning av livsmedel. I analysen användes även en aspekt av det sociokulturella begreppet habitus, symboliskt kapital. I de familjer som förändrat sina matvanor i enlighet med svenska näringsrekommendationer (SNR), var erfarenheter relaterade till hälsoproblem i familjen företrädesvis avgörande i tänkandet bakom val och användning av livsmedel. I de familjer som inte alls eller endast marginellt förändrat sina matvanor i hälsofrämjande riktning, var erfarenheter relaterade till den sociokulturella bakgrunden företrädesvis avgörande.
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