| 11. |
- Lingegård, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable public procurement in large infrastructure projects—policy implementation for carbon emission reductions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The infrastructure construction sector is a significant source of carbon emissions, and more stringent procurement requirements are central to meeting reduction targets in this demand-led and project-based industry. This paper aims to analyze the implementation of international policies for reducing carbon emissions in infrastructure construction, focusing on the interaction between policy ambitions and procurement practices. Based on case studies of large projects and their contexts in five countries worldwide: Australia, the Netherlands, Sweden, the UK, and the US, a cross-country comparison is performed of how policies and practices for carbon reduction develop across multiple implementation levels. Three levels are included in the analysis: policy, industry, and project level. We identify the projects as either drivers of policy goals, frontrunners in industry-level development processes, or translators of national policy. These roles, and the associated pathways for carbon emission reduction, are context-specific and depend on the policy ambitions at the national or regional level, the maturity of the supplier market, and, often, on the strategies of individual champions at the project level. Long-term learning processes, both within and between the various levels, are essential for advancing carbon reduction.
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| 12. |
- Nilsson, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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A suboptimal array of options erodes the value of CAP ecological focus areas
- 2019
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Ingår i: Land Use Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 85, s. 407-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a part of the greening of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy in 2013, Ecological Focus Areas (EFA) became mandatory for many European farmers, with the aim to enhance on-farm biodiversity. However, their effects on biodiversity have been disputed. In this interdisciplinary effort, we assessed the effects of current and alternative formulations of EFA regulations in Sweden. By complementing economic and ecological modelling with interviews with persons at administrative and advisory bodies and a narrative decision game with farmers, we were able to demonstrate key shortcomings of mandatory EFAs as a policy instrument. In particular, we evaluated if requirements to increase the quality of EFAs and regulations allowing their collective implementation, have the potential to increase their effectiveness in benefitting functional biodiversity. We focused on how biodiversity underpinning crop pollination and natural pest control would be affected by alternative regulations. First, we show that several of the possible EFA measures have no or minimal actual effect on biodiversity. Second, we demonstrate the need for appropriate incentives for farmers to choose and place agri-environmental measures in an environmentally desirable way. The EFA regulation is experienced as complicated and without any clear environmental benefits for the participants in this study. As a result, the confidence in the policy is undermined. Third, we demonstrate the challenge of devising compulsory measures to improve biodiversity that also need to fulfil demands on being flexible and easy to administrate. Our results indicate that the latter goal has taken precedence over the former, and thus providing an explanation of the poor design of the EFA regulation from a biodiversity perspective. We argue that to enhance biodiversity in farmland through general agri-environmental measures, only measures with clear benefits for biodiversity can be on the menu. Further, better information as well as incentives for optimizing EFA placement for biodiversity on farms are needed and combined with stricter rules on quality and placement where appropriate.
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| 13. |
- Sjöstedt, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Klimatanpassning av bostäder och bostadsområden : resultat från ett samarbetsprojekt mellan CEC och Riksbyggen
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en sammanställning av kunskap som genererats inom ramen för ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Centrum för miljö- och klimatforskning (CEC) vid Lundsuniversitet och Riksbyggen om klimatanpassning av bostäder och bostadsområden iSverige. Samarbetsprojektet byggde på utveckling och handledning av fem styckenmasteruppsatser vid Tillämpad klimatstrategi-programmet vid Lunds universitet,mellan november 2014 och juni 2015. De deltagande studenterna utvecklade sinauppsatser i dialog med Riksbyggen, och ett flertal av studenterna använde Riksbyggensbostadsbestånd som konkreta fallstudier. I denna rapport diskuteras de resultatsom framkommit i masteruppsatserna, med fokus på klimatrelaterad riskkartering,metoder för klimatanpassningsåtgärder, kunskapsunderlag, samt samverkan ochdeltagande. Syntesrapporten levererar inspirationsmaterial för Riksbyggens vidarearbete med klimatanpassning av bostadsrättsföreningar. Förslag på sätt att hantera klimatanpassningsproblematik i bostadssektorn läggs fram, vilka inkluderar utökad klimatrelaterad riskkartering, skräddarsydda åtgärdspaket, intern och externkommunikation av klimatrelaterade risker och anpassningsåtgärder, samt nya samarbetskonstellationer. Samarbetet mellan CEC och Riksbyggen tog tillvara på denpotential som finns i studentarbeten och skapade länkar mellan utbildning, forskningoch näringsliv. I rapporten förs en diskussion kring sätt att vidareutveckla dennasamarbetsmodell för att förnya och verka kvalitetshöjande för grundutbildningen.Rapporten identifierar även relevanta teman för nya masterprojekt, samt konkretaforskningsbehov kring kunskapsöverföring mellan aktörer och nivåer; samarbetemellan boende, fastighetsägare, myndigheter, konsulter och försäkringsbolag kringriskkartering och anpassningsåtgärder; kommunikationsinsatser för ökad acceptans föranpassningsåtgärder; samt juridiska och ekonomiska incitamentsstrukturer. Dessa ärviktiga områden att adressera i framtida forskningsinsatser för att stödja implementeringav utökad klimatrelaterad riskkartering och anpassningsåtgärder i bostadssektorn.
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| 14. |
- Sörensen, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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A data management framework for strategic urban planning using blue-green infrastructure
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797. ; 299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial planning of Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) should ideally be based on well-evaluated and context specific solutions. One important obstacle to reach this goal relates to adequate provisioning of data to ensure good governance of BGI, i.e., appropriate planning, design, construction, and maintenance. This study explores the gap between data availability and implementation of BGI in urban planning authorities in Sweden. A multi method approach including brainstorming, semi-structured interviews with urban planners and experts on BGI and Geographical Information System (GIS), and validating workshops were performed to develop a framework for structured and user-friendly data collection and use. Identified challenges concern data availability, data management, and GIS knowledge. There is a need to improve the organisation of data management and the skills of trans-disciplinary cooperation to better understand and interpret different types of data. Moreover, different strategic goals require different data to ensure efficient planning of BGI. This calls for closer interactions between development of strategic political goals and data collection. The data management framework consists of three parts: A) Ideal structure of data management in relation to planning process, data infrastructure and organisational structure, and B) A generic list of data needed, and C) The development of structures for data gathering and access. We conclude that it is essential to develop pan-municipal data management systems that bridge sectors and disciplines to ensure efficient management of the urban environment, and which is able to support the involvement of citizens to collect and access relevant data. The framework can assist in such development.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- van Ittersum, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated Assessment of Agricultural and Environmental Policies – A Modular Framework for the EU (SEAMLESS)
- 2008
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Ingår i: Agricultural Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-521X. ; 96:1-3, s. 150-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedAgricultural systems continuously evolve and are forced to change as a result of a range of global and local driving forces. Agricultural technologies and agricultural, environmental and rural development policies are increasingly designed to contribute to the sustainability of agricultural systems and to enhance contributions of agricultural systems to sustainable development at large. The effectiveness and efficiency of such policies and technological developments in realizing desired contributions could be greatly enhanced if the quality of their ex-ante assessments were improved. Four key challenges and requirements to make research tools more useful for integrated assessment in the European Union were defined in interactions between scientists and the European Commission (EC), i.e., overcoming the gap between micro-macro level analysis, the bias in integrated assessments towards either economic or environmental issues, the poor re-use of models and hindrances in technical linkage of models. Tools for integrated assessment must have multi-scale capabilities and preferably be generic and flexible such that they can deal with a broad variety of policy questions. At the same time, to be useful for scientists, the framework must facilitate state-of-the-art science both on aspects of the agricultural systems and on integration. This paper presents the rationale, design and illustration of a component-based framework for agricultural systems (SEAMLESS Integrated Framework) to assess, ex-ante, agricultural and agri-environmental policies and technologies across a range of scales, from field-farm to region and European Union, as well as some global interactions. We have opted for a framework to link individual model and data components and a software infrastructure that allows a flexible (re-)use and linkage of components. The paper outlines the software infrastructure, indicators and model and data components. The illustrative example assesses effects of a trade liberalisation proposal on EU's agriculture and indicates how SEAMLESS addresses the four identified challenges for integrated assessment tools, i.e., linking micro and macro analysis, assessing economic, environmental, social and institutional indicators, (re-)using standalone model components for field, farm and market analysis and their conceptual and technical linkage.
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| 17. |
- von Post, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Grön infrastruktur för bevarande av biologisk mångfald
- 2020
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Ingår i: ; 7
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det svenska arbetet med att skapa en grön infrastruktur syftar till att bevara biologisk mångfald, gynna ekosystemtjänster och stärka ekosystemens resiliens mot exempelvis klimatförändringar. Inom det strategiska forskningsområdet BECC (Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate) har vi undersökt de teoretiska förutsättningar och praktiska utmaningar som finns när det gäller att använda grön infrastruktur för att ta ett landskapsperspektiv på bevarandearbetet, och för att skapa samverkan mellan olika landskapsaktörer i detta arbete.
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| 18. |
- von Post, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish green infrastructure policy as a policy assemblage : What does it do for biodiversity conservation?
- 2023
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Ingår i: People and Nature. - : Wiley. - 2575-8314. ; 5:2, s. 839-851
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green infrastructure (GI) is increasingly used in policymaking to promote biodiversity and enhance ecosystem services through the protection, creation, restoration and connection of natural and man-made green areas. The EU Commission adopted in 2013, the concept as a strategy. When member states apply the policy, it is translated into specific bureaucratic and political systems, creating different ‘policy assemblages’ of ideas and institutional features. We analyse the Swedish GI policy to draw conclusions about how it has been assembled in one particular member state and what that particular assemblage will imply for biodiversity conservation. In combination with understanding policies as assemblages, we use the ‘What's the problem represented to be’-approach as method. We show that the Swedish GI policy assemblage consists of a mix of policy ideas developed in Sweden and the EU. Despite the current strong focus on biodiversity conservation, the notion of land's multifunctionality, characterizing the EU strategy and the possibility to conserve biodiversity on land used for purposes other than conservation increasingly influence the Swedish policy as it is formed. Although the policy has the potential to mainstream biodiversity conservation measures across different sectors, based on our analysis of current discourse, its implementation will likely promote GI measures less disruptive to existing land use activities, making its capacity to halt biodiversity loss marginal. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
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| 19. |
- Wihlborg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of barriers and drivers for implementation of blue-green solutions in Swedish municipalities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797. ; 233, s. 706-718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to increased urbanisation, and climate change, there have been calls for a more sustainable management of stormwater. Blue-green measures have been recognised as a sustainable solution and a necessary complement to pipe-bound approaches. The aim of this study is to identify barriers and drivers in the implementation of blue-green measures in a Swedish context, to increase the understanding of how they could be implemented in a more successful manner. The study is qualitative and based on semi-structured interviews. Through the lens of transition theory, barriers and drivers for blue-green measures were identified and they give an updated picture of Swedish urban stormwater management. Many factors encourage municipal actors to implement blue-green solutions, such as increased need for recreation, protection of biodiversity and climate change. Identified barriers are found within the municipal stormwater management it-self, but can also be found outside the storm water management structure, such as lack of knowledge among politicians, officials, exploiters and civilians, fragmented roles and responsibilities in general, as well as uncertainty of the effects and cost of new alternatives. The study has three main findings; Several barriers were mentioned by most of the interviewees clearly show that a wide range of changes are needed to alter the current stormwater management regime; Niche innovations are often put forward as a way to enhance socio-technical transition, but this study is that such an approach is over-simplified instead elaborated suggestions for an alteration of urban stormwater management is given, both with top-down and bottom-up perspective. For the success of blue-green solutions, educational efforts are important at different levels in the planning, building and maintenance process of blue-green solutions. Therefore, employees must have a good general knowledge of both blue and green issues as well as having contacts in the different sectors of the municipality. To conclude we argue that a transition can not only be induced by pilot projects but requires change in legal structures as well as altered financing models for blue-green solutions. Moreover, the ongoing, but slow, change should therefor probably be interpreted as a shift to a new regime, but rather an evolutionary transition where new approaches are combined with traditional, pipe-bound solutions.
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| 20. |
- Alkan Olsson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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A goal oriented indicator framework to support integrated assessment of new policies for agri-environmental systems
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-9011. ; 12:5, s. 562-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal oriented framework (GOF) for indicators has been developed as part of a comprehensive research project developing computerised tools for integrated assessment of the effects of new policies or technologies on agricultural systems (SEAMLESS-IF). The ambition has therefore been to create an indicator framework where the environmental, economic and social dimensions of sustainable development can be related to each other in a consistent way. Integrated assessment tools rely on such frameworks to capture and visualise trade-offs (antagonisms or synergies) among indicators between and within the three dimensions of sustainable development. The specific aims of this paper are to (i) present the GOF (ii) present how the GOF can be used to select indicators within the integrated assessment framework SEAMLESS-IF and (iii) discuss the advantages and limitations with the proposed approach. We show that the GOF has several advantages. Its major rewards are its relative simplicity and the possibility to link indicators to policy goals of each dimension of sustainability and thereby facilitate the comparison of the impacts of the new policy on the different dimensions. Another important feature of the GOF is its multi-scale perspective, which will enable the comparison of effects of a new policy between scales. Yet, as typical for all indicator frameworks, the GOF has also biases either instigated by the issues the included models cover or by the stakeholders' selection of indicators. However, due to the way the GOF and its indicators are technically implemented in SEAMLESS-IF, it can easily be extended and include new indicators to increase and update its policy relevance. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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