| 1971. |
- Kåberger, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Economic Efficiency of Compulsory Green electricity Quotas In Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Energy and Environment. - : Multi-Science Publishing. - 0958-305X .- 2048-4070. ; 15:4, s. 675-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green certificates are not an efficient as a measure to correct for the effect of environmental external costs of fossil fuels and nuclear power. Nor are they efficient as a measure to create markets for new electricity supply technologies.Removing subsidies and introducing environmental taxes on energy sources with undesired external effects more efficiently corrects for incurred environmental costs. It appears that guaranteed feed-in tariffs are a more efficient policy instrument to promote the industrialisation of technologies for new sustainable sources of electricity.Alternatively, the certificate scheme could be reformed in a number of ways to improve performance. However decisions to change or abolish the instrument cannot be taken lightly since instrument stability is very important for the credibility of future policy.
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| 1972. |
- Lagebrant, Alice, et al.
(författare)
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Brain injury markers in blood predict signs of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy on head computed tomography after cardiac arrest
- 2023
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim: Signs of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) on head computed tomography (CT) predicts poor neurological outcome after cardiac arrest. We explore whether levels of brain injury markers in blood could predict the likelihood of HIE on CT.Methods: Retrospective analysis of CT performed at 24-168 h post cardiac arrest on clinical indication within the Target Temperature Management after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest-trial. Biomarkers prospectively collected at 24-and 48 h post-arrest were analysed for neuron specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament light (NFL), total-tau and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). HIE was assessed through visual evaluation and quantitative grey-white-matter ratio (GWR) was retrospectively calculated on Swedish subjects with original images available.Results: In total, 95 patients were included. The performance to predict HIE on CT (performed at IQR 73-116 h) at 48 h was similar for all biomark-ers, assessed as area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUC) NSE 0.82 (0.71-0.94), NFL 0.79 (0.67-0.91), total-tau 0.84 (0.74- 0.95), GFAP 0.79 (0.67-0.90). The predictive performance of biomarker levels at 24 h was AUC 0.72-0.81. At 48 h biomarker levels below Youden Index accurately excluded HIE in 77.3-91.7% (negative predictive value) and levels above Youden Index correctly predicted HIE in 73.3-83.7% (positive predictive value). NSE cut-off at 48 h was 48 ng/ml. Elevated biomarker levels irrespective of timepoint significantly correlated with lower GWR.Conclusion: Biomarker levels can assess the likelihood of a patient presenting with HIE on CT and could be used to select suitable patients for CT-examination during neurological prognostication in unconscious cardiac arrest patients.
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| 1973. |
- Landberg, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the Risk Assessment Approach of the REACH Legislation : A Case Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Work Exposures and Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 2398-7308 .- 2398-7316. ; 63:1, s. 68-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk assessments based on occupational exposure to chemicals have increased since REACH (European regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and restriction of Chemicals) came into force. The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) recommends that chemical exposure could be calculated using exposure models and that parameters used to calculate the exposure scenario (ES) should be communicated in extended safety data sheets (e-SDS) as workplace instructions which downstream users are obligated to follow. We aimed to evaluate REACH's risk assessment approach using the Stoffenmanager((R)) 6.1, the Advanced REACH Tool 1.5 (ART), and the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals' targeted risk assessment (ECETOC TRA 3.1) exposure models. We observed 239 scenarios in three companies handling chemicals using 45 e-SDS. Risk characterization ratios (RCRs) were calculated by dividing estimated exposures by derived no-effect levels (DNELs). Observed RCRs were much lower than registered RCRs, indicating lower exposures. However, about 12% of the observed ES still had RCRs > 1, after adjustment for control measures and personal protections described in the ES, when using Stoffenmanager((R)). The ES with observed RCRs > 1 were the same by Stoffenmanager((R)) and ART, but not by ECETOC TRA. Stoffenmanager and ART identified 25 adjusted scenarios with RCR > 1, while ECETOC TRA gave RCR < 1 for the same scenarios. The ES with RCR > 1 were significantly associated to chemicals with higher vapour pressure and lower DNELs than ES with RCR < 1 by Stoffenmanager((R)). The correlations between observed and registered RCRs were lower than those between RCRs calculated from the different models themselves; ECETOC TRA had the lowest correlation with the registered ES. These results put in question the generic ES recommended under the REACH legislation. Downstream users may get better estimates by assessing their own ES, especially for chemicals with low DNELs and high vapour pressure.
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| 1974. |
- Laporte, Natalie, et al.
(författare)
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Deliberate self-harm behavior among young violent offenders
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 12:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deliberate self-harm behavior (DSH) can have profound effects on a person's quality of life, and challenges the health care system. Even though DSH has been associated with aggressive interpersonal behaviors, the knowledge on DSH in persons exhibiting such behaviors is scarce. This study aims to (1) specify the prevalence and character of DSH, (2) identify clinical, neurocognitive, psychosocial, and criminological characteristics associated with DSH, and (3) determine predictors of DSH among young violent offenders. Data were collected from a nationally representative cohort of 270 male violent offenders, 18-25 years old, imprisoned in Sweden. Participants were interviewed and investigated neuropsychologically, and their files were reviewed for psychosocial background, criminal history, mental disorders, lifetime aggressive antisocial behaviors, and DSH. A total of 62 offenders (23%) had engaged in DSH at some point during their lifetime, many on repeated occasions, yet without suicidal intent. DSH was significantly associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, various substance use disorders, being bullied at school, and repeated exposure to violence at home during childhood. Mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and being bullied at school remained significant predictors of DSH in a total regression model. Violent offenders direct aggressive behaviors not only toward other people, but also toward themselves. Thus, DSH must be assessed and prevented in correctional institutions as early as possible, and more knowledge is needed of the function of DSH among offenders.
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| 1975. |
- Larson, Mia
(författare)
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Festival Innovation : Complex and Dynamic Network Interaction
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 9:2-3, s. 288-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article argues that festival innovation is a highly cooperative endeavour among many actors in an inter-organizational network. The aim is to understand how collaborative festival innovation is performed and who takes part in the process. Material from case studies of three Swedish festivals showed that innovation takes place in complex networks involving many actors having various interests. Innovation networks are often highly dynamic and changing: innovation often takes place in new partnerships. The innovation work is hard to plan: it is to a large degree an emergent process and sometimes innovation originates from improvisation. Some innovation can, however, become institutionalized and embedded in the routines of the partnership interaction. Festival organizers need to reflect on their network and relate strategically to how their partners can contribute to successful festival innovation.
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| 1976. |
- Larson, Mia
(författare)
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Innovation and Creativity in Festival Organisations
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1936-8623 .- 1936-8631. ; 20:3, s. 287-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study contributes to understanding processes of innovation and creativity in festival organizations. The focus is on the internal work of renewing the festival. Three case studies of Swedish festival organizations demonstrate how festival workers attempt to renew the festival product. Processes of renewal include various ways of encouraging new ideas and creative solutions, such as brainstorming, imitation of similar products, and influences from the external environment. Two main processes of renewal were identified: institutionalized and emergent. The study further elaborated on the emergent process of renewal, thus identifying incremental and improvised renewal. Different factors contributing to or hindering innovations were distinguished; the demands of potential visitors, the management's view on renewal, the team's view on renewal, the organizational culture, and change of managers and staff.
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| 1977. |
- Larson, Mia
(författare)
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Joint event production in the jungle, the park, and the garden : Metaphors of event networks
- 2009
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Ingår i: Tourism Management. - : Elsevier. - 0261-5177 .- 1879-3193. ; 30:3, s. 393-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article argues that actors in different event networks experience different dynamics in terms of the joint organising of the event. The Political Market Square (PSQ) model is used to describe, analyse and compare the interactions and dynamics going on in three event networks. The purpose is to categorise different kinds of PSQs in terms of actors' interactions and network dynamics, which, in turn, contributes to knowledge on how events are produced using a network perspective. An analysis of the different event networks resulted in three different categories of Political Market Squares - the jungle, the park, and the garden, representing a tumultuous, a dynamic, and an institutionalised event network. The institutionalised PSQ (the park) is often prescribed in literature on event organising. Therefore, more research focused on understanding tumultuous and dynamic event networks (the jungle and the park) are needed. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 1978. |
- Larson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Relational interaction processes in project networks : The consent and negotiation perspectives
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 23:3, s. 327-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article seeks to describe and understand relational interaction processes in project networks, and suggests that there is a connection between the characteristics of a project network and the type of interactions within it. We suggest that time, legitimacy and power structure determine the type of interaction processes that occur. Four case studies of service-producing project networks show that relational interaction processes tend to change over time-shifting between the dimensions of consent and negotiation. Project networks seeking to acquire legitimacy are characterised by consent-based interaction processes such as mapping by rhetoric and maintaining an element of vagueness. Legitimate project networks are, on the other hand, characterised by negotiation-based interaction processes such as meetings between the representatives of different interests. Thus, actors in different types of project network adopt different interaction strategies in managing project networks with a view to creating legitimacy or mutual commitment. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 1979. |
- Larsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced Prevalence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Young Children Participating in Longitudinal Follow-Up
- 2011
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 34:11, s. 2347-2352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE-Young children have an unacceptably high prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the clinical diagnosis of type I. diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether knowledge of genetic risk and close follow-up for development of islet autoantibodies through participation in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study results in lower prevalence of DKA at diabetes onset in children aged andlt;2 and andlt;5 years compared with population-based incidence studies and registries. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanRESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Symptoms and laboratory data collected on TEDDY participants diagnosed with type 1 diabetes between 2004 and 2010 were compared with data collected during the similar periods from studies and registries in all TEDDY-participating countries (U.S., SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study; Sweden, Swediabkids; Finland, Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register; and Germany, Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumenation [DPV] Register). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanRESULTS-A total of 40 children younger than age 2 years and 79 children younger than age 5 years were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in TEDDY as of December 2010. In children andlt;2 years of age at onset, DKA prevalence in TEDDY participants was significantly lower than in all comparative registries (German DPV Register, P andlt; 0.0001; Swediabkids, P = 0.02; SEARCH, P andlt; 0.0001; Finnish Register, P andlt; 0.0001). The prevalence of DKA in TEDDY children diagnosed at andlt;5 years of age (13.1%) was significantly lower compared with SEARCH (36.4%) (P andlt; 0.0001) and the German DPV Register (32.2%) (P andlt; 0.0001) but not compared with Swediabkids or the Finnish Register. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanCONCLUSIONS-Participation in the TEDDY study is associated with reduced risk of DMA at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in young children.
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| 1980. |
- Li, Linjie, et al.
(författare)
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Gas-to-Particle Partitioning of Products from Ozonolysis of Δ3-Carene and the Effect of Temperature and Relative Humidity
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - Malmö : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 128:5, s. 918-928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formation of oxidized products from Δ3-carene (C10H16) ozonolysis and their gas-to-particle partitioning at three temperatures (0, 10, and 20 °C) under dry conditions (<2% RH) and also at 10 °C under humid (78% RH) conditions were studied using a time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ToF-CIMS) combined with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols (FIGAERO). The Δ3-carene ozonolysis products detected by the FIGAERO-ToF-CIMS were dominated by semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). The main effect of increasing temperature or RH on the product distribution was an increase in fragmentation of monomer compounds (from C10 to C7 compounds), potentially via alkoxy scission losing a C3 group.The equilibrium partitioning coefficient estimated according to equilibrium partitioning theory shows that the measured SVOC products distribute more into the SOA phase as the temperature decreases from 20 to 10 and 0 °C and for most products as the RH increases from <2 to 78%. The temperature dependency of the saturation vapor pressure (above an assumed liquid state), derived from the partitioning method, also allows for a direct way to obtain enthalpy of vaporization for the detected species without accessibility of authentic standards of the pure substances. This method can provide physical properties, beneficial for, e.g., atmospheric modeling, of complex multifunctional oxidation products.
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