| 21. |
- Gerhardsson, Lars, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Vibration related symptoms and signs in quarry and foundry workers
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 94
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The development of vascular and neurosensory findings were studied in two groups of long-term exposed quarry and foundry workers with different vibration exposures, working conditions and work tasks. Methods The study included 10 quarry workers (mean age 43 yrs., mean exposure time 16 yrs.) and 15 foundry workers (35 yrs.; 11 yrs.) at two plants in Sweden. All participants completed a basic questionnaire and passed a medical examination including a number of neurosensory tests, e.g. the determination of vibration (VPT) and temperature (TPT) perception thresholds as well as a musculoskeletal examination of the neck, shoulders, arms and hands. Results A high prevalence of neurosensory findings (40%) was found among the quarry workers. Both groups, however, showed a low prevalence of vibration white fingers (VWF). Foundry workers showed significantly better sensitivity than quarry workers for all monofilament tests (p <= 0.016), TPT warmth in dig 2 (p = 0.048) and 5 dexter (p = 0.008), and in dig 5 sinister (p = 0.005). They also showed a better VPT performance in dig 5 dexter (p = 0.031). Conclusions Despite high vibration exposure, the prevalence of VWF was low. The high prevalence of neurosensory findings among the quarry workers may depend on higher A(8) vibration exposure and higher exposure to high-frequency vibrations. An age-effect and exposure to cold could also be contributing factors. The nervous system seems to be more susceptible to high-frequency vibrations than the vascular system. For neurosensory injuries, the current ISO 5349-1 standard is not applicable.
|
|
| 22. |
- Grill, Martin, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Säker ledare – ett samverkansprojekt för att förbättra säkerhetsledarskap och säkerhetskultur i bygg- och anläggningsindustrin
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med forskningsprojektet Säker ledare var att undersöka hur byggplatschefer påverkas av, och själva påverkar, säkerhetskulturen i svensk bygg- och anläggningsindustri, samt hur platschefers ledarskap kan utvecklas genom individualiserad träning i beteendebaserat säkerhetsledarskap (ITBS). För projektet utformades en longitudinell enkätstudie med tre mättillfällen. Dessutom utvecklades ett ledarträningsprogram för säkerhetsledarskap, som utvärderades genom en randomiserad kontrollerad studie samt en intervjustudie. I forskningsprojektet deltog 68 platschefer från 30 olika byggföretag med sina projektchefer (n = 58) arbetsledare (n = 101) och yrkesarbetare (n = 123). Resultaten indikerar att platschefer påverkar sina arbetsledares säkerhetsledarskap och sina medarbetares säkerhetsbeteenden. Delstudie ett visar att platschefen är rollmodell för arbetsledares säkerhetsledarskap och att arbetsledare formar sitt säkerhetsledarskap efter det ledarskap som deras platschefer utövar, både när det gäller belönande ledarskap och säkerhetsspecifik återkoppling. Delstudie två visar att platschefers säkerhetsprioritering ökar medarbetares voice-beteenden. Resultaten indikerar också att platschefers säkerhetsledarskap påverkas av arbetsledares säkerhetsledarskap och medarbetares säkerhetsbeteenden. Delstudie ett visar att när arbetsledare använder sig av en hög grad av säkerhetsspecifik återkoppling så ökar deras platschefer denna typ av ledarbeteende. Delstudie två visar att när medarbetare uppvisar en hög grad av regelefterlevnad så ökar deras platschefers aktiva lyssnande. Resultaten indikerar även att ITBS påverkar platschefers ledarskap (delstudie tre och fyra). Ledarträning som innehåller beteendeanalys, målformulering, beteendeträning med beteendespecifik återkoppling, hemuppgifter och vidmakthållandeplan bidrar till att öka platschefers användning av positiv återkoppling och aktivt lyssnande samt ett transformativt och belönande ledarskap.
|
|
| 23. |
- Grut, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
-
Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is associated with reduced risk of multiple sclerosis : a presymptomatic case-control study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 28:9, s. 3072-3079
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) are associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Conversely, infection with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been suggested to reduce the risk of MS but supporting data from presymptomatic studies are lacking. Here, we sought to increase the understanding of CMV in MS aetiology.METHODS: We performed a nested case-control study with presymptomatically collected blood samples identified through cross-linkage of MS registries and Swedish biobanks. Serological antibody response against CMV, EBV and HHV-6A was determined using a bead-based multiplex assay. Odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for CMV seropositivity as risk factor for MS was calculated by conditional logistic regression and adjusted for EBV and HHV-6A seropositivity. Potential interactions on the additive scale were analysed by calculating attributable proportion due to interaction (AP).RESULTS: Serum samples from 670 pairs of matched cases and controls were included. CMV seropositivity was associated with a reduced risk for MS (OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.56-0.88, p = 0.003). Statistical interactions on the additive scale were observed between seronegativity for CMV and seropositivity against HHV-6A (AP 0.34, 95% CI 0.06-0.61) and EBV antigen EBNA-1 (amino acid 385-420) at age 20-39 years (AP 0.37, 95% CI 0.09-0.65).CONCLUSIONS: CMV seropositivity is associated with a decreased risk for MS. The protective role for CMV infection in MS aetiology is further supported by the interactions between CMV seronegativity and EBV and HHV-6A seropositivity.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Hedenrud, Tove, et al.
(författare)
-
Beliefs about medicines and adherence among Swedish migraineurs
- 2008
-
Ingår i: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. - 1060-0280 .- 1542-6270. ; 42:1, s. 39-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The problem of low adherence to drug therapy is as prevalent in migraine as in any other disorder, with important consequences for the patient, such as impaired quality of life and absence from work. Beliefs about medicines have been identified as one of the most significant factors for adherence.OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether beliefs about medicines and medication-related factors are associated with adherence to prophylactic drug therapy among migraineurs at a Swedish tertiary care clinic.METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed to migraineurs visiting a tertiary care clinic in Sweden. All participants had recently been prescribed prophylactic medicine. The questionnaire was comprised of background questions, questions about disease characteristics, perceived effects, and adverse effects of migraine medications used, the Beliefs about Medicines questionnaire, and the Medication Adherence Report Scale. Medication-related variables, collected from patients' records with consent, were also included. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between beliefs about medicines, medication-related variables, and adherence to prophylactic drugs.RESULTS: Of the 174 participants in the study, 64% were considered to be adherent to their prescribed prophylactic medicine. Users of beta-blockers were significantly more adherent compared with patients using other drugs (eg, tricyclic antidepressants [TCAs] or antiepileptics); the reverse was true for patients taking TCAs. Respondents with the lowest level of education (CONCLUSIONS: About one-third of the migraineurs did not adhere to their prophylactic drugs. Beliefs about medicines and medication-related factors could not predict nonadherence. We recommend further research on medication-related variables in relation to adherence among migraineurs.
|
|
| 26. |
- Hedenrud, Tove, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Beliefs about medicines and adherence among Swedish migraineurs.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: The 13th Congress of the International Headache Society, Stockholm, juni 2007..
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The aim was to analyze whether beliefs about medicines are associated with adherence to prophylactic medication among Swedish migraineurs. Methods A questionnaire was distributed consecutively to migraineurs attending a tertiary clinic. All participants were prescribed prophylactic medication. The questionnaire comprised e.g. background questions, beliefs about medicines (BMQ), and self-reported adherence (MARS). The General BMQ comprises three subparts: General Harm, General Overuse, and General Benefit. The specific part of the BMQ has two subparts: Specific Necessity and Specific Concerns. For the BMQ Specific, a necessity–concerns differential was calculated for each participant. A logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between beliefs about medicines and adherence to prophylactic medication. Results Of the 175 participants, 15% were male and more than half of the participants were aged 45 years and over. Fifty percent had a university degree. Sixty-four percent were considered adherent. There was no significant difference in adherence between gender, age groups, or by educational level. Respondents with only compulsory school were less concerned about the long-term effects of medications and had a higher necessity–concern differential. In the logistic regression analysis, no variable was significantly associated with adherence. Conclusions The present study showed no association between beliefs about medication and adherence. We recommend that lack of adherence to migraine prophylactic drugs should be considered more often, looked for, and addressed in order to identify sufferers with an unnecessarily high migraine-associated disability. This assumes greater attention to the problem amongst both physicians and researchers in all countries.
|
|
| 27. |
- Hedenrud, Tove, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Medication Overuse Headache: Self-Perceived and Actual Knowledge Among Pharmacy Staff
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Headache. - : Wiley. - 0017-8748 .- 1526-4610. ; 54:6, s. 1019-1025
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge about medication overuse headache (MOH) among pharmacy staff. Background MOH is a public health problem both in Sweden and in many other countries. Persons with MOH have limited contact with health care, and medications used are to large extent over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Therefore, pharmacists have an important role in, eg, advising these individuals about their medication use. Little is, however, known about the actual level of knowledge about MOH among pharmacy staff, which determines the quality of their advice to MOH sufferers. Methods A total of 326 questionnaires were distributed to 44 pharmacies in Gothenburg, Sweden. The questionnaire included background questions, questions about advice on headache treatment, source of knowledge about MOH, and questions on self-perceived and actual knowledge on MOH. Results The response rate was 70%. A majority of the pharmacy staff (90.6%) considered themselves to have knowledge about MOH to some or a greater extent. Almost half had learned about MOH through their university/vocational education. Only 8.6% knew that all 5 headache medications listed in the questionnaire can cause development of MOH, but 40% responded correctly on which treatment advice one can give a person with MOH. Actual knowledge on treatment advice differed significantly between groups of self-perceived knowledge. Conclusion The knowledge on MOH is insufficient among pharmacy staff, but with the proper knowledge, pharmacy staff is well positioned to effect both primary and secondary prevention of MOH. We suggest not only increasing educational efforts about MOH within pharmacy programs but also continuing education at the pharmacies for all staff. Further, it is also important to increase knowledge among pharmacy customers.
|
|
| 28. |
- Hellstrand, Sandra, 1983-
(författare)
-
Lärlingsfrågan : Institutionell förändring, ekonomiska föreställningar och historiska begrepp i den svenska debatten om lärlingsutbildningen, 1890-1917
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The turn of the 20th century was a formative period of industrialisation and class formation, and a key period in the development of European systems of vocational education and training. At that time, apprenticeship training was frequently debated in Sweden, just as it was in many other parts of Europe. However, even though the apprentice question was seen as important enough to be repeatedly examined in public inquiries in the decades around 1900, Sweden did not get an apprenticeship law.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate why Sweden did not get an apprenticeship law in the period 1890–1917, with a focus on the debate about what, if anything, to do about apprentice training. Using language-oriented analysis, the thesis contributes new knowledge about the development of the Swedish system of vocational education and training. The studies are based on primary sources from multiple actors – from the craft employers’ organisations to public inquiries and consultation statements by industry employers, unions and parliament. However, the focus is on the craft employers, who were the main proponents of apprentice legislation.The first article analyses agreement and disagreement in political argumentation. Many of these arguments contain an economic aspect, and the second article investigates economic perceptions of apprentice training. The first and second article, in line with much of the existing literature, emphasises the impact of class conflicts and the growth of industry on the politics of apprenticeship. The third article therefore takes a closer look at how these structural changes are imprinted on the craft employers’ language in the debate on apprenticeship, by analysing historical concepts connected to yrke and fack (both of which can be roughly translated as vocation, occupation or trade, although fack is also a Swedish term for trade union), klass (class) and stånd (estate).The main findings highlight a previously overlooked level of support for the idea of apprenticeship legislation among both employers and unions, combined with strong disagreements concerning the content of the proposed legislation. It is clear that there was both a craft/industry divide and a worker/employer divide. The latter has in previous research been emphasised as detrimental to the prospects for apprenticeship legislation. In the Swedish case, this class conflict reduced the chances of such legislation, as the state was also either unwilling or unable to introduce an apprentice law without agreement between employers and workers. The first article outlines much of these findings, while the second and third articles, in exploring other aspects of the apprentice question, further reinforce and nuance the main results.
|
|
| 29. |
- Jacobsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
ADHD : Diagnostik och behandling, vårdens organisation och patientens delaktigheten systematisk litteraturöversikt
- 2013
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- ADHD En funktionsnedsättning med debut i baranåren. Kärmsymtom karaktäriseras av uppmärksamhetsproblem, impulsivitet ioch hyperaktivitet.I ett antal fall sker en normalisering eller mognadsprocess, i andra fall kan någon form av psykisk ohälsa förekommma samtidigt. Den diagnostiska utredningen är omfattande, och både instrument för diagnostik och den diagnostiska processen bör undersökas bättre.Många olika insatser och behandlingar, förutom läkemedel förekommer idag, men kunskapen om eras nytta, risker och kostnader måste förbättras. Vissa läkemedel lindrar ADHD symtom vid korttidsbehandling, men nyttan av långtidsbehandling går inte att bedöma. Vanliga biverjkningar av dessa läkemedel är illamående och nedsatt aptit, för barn viktminskning och pulsökning.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
