41. |
- Berggren, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
Individual integrators - a key factor for knowledge and innovation in technology-based firms
- 2010
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently the role of individuals in knowledge formation and innovation has been rediscovered by several authors. This paper builds on a study of extra inventive individuals, defined by their high patenting activity, in large technology-based firms to explore the importance of individual inventive activity also for firms in mature industries; to investigate the horizontal practices of these individuals and the role of collaboration; to understand how these horizontal practices permeate vertical innovation structures; and to extend the evolutionary framework on knowledge generation and innovation by adding knowledge integration as a key process, and distinguishing different types of knowledge retention.
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42. |
- Berggren, Christian, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
-
Inventors and innovators and knowledge integrators
- 2011. - 1
-
Ingår i: Knowledge Integration and Innovation. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press. - 9780199693924 ; , s. 77-95
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we argue that knowledge integration is not just an organizational- and team-level practice but concerns the everyday activities of inventive engineers and researchers involved in development activities. The chapter investigates and illustrates how inventive individuals in non-managerial positions contribute to innovation and knowledge integration. The focus is on inventors who generate ideas and scan new knowledge fields to complement deep knowledge in their own domains in order to turn ideas into new solutions. The chapter illustrates the practices of those innovative individuals, such as combining knowledge across different fields, pursuing individual exploration as well as collaborative search, and participating in formal projects but simultaneously using them as permeable entities to further their own innovative ideas. In this way, the chapter contributes to an understanding of the micro-level of knowledge integration activities in technology-based firms.
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43. |
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44. |
- Frykfors, Carl-Otto
(författare)
-
Policy and transitions processes in sector systems of innovation and production
- 2010
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the last decades, innovation and innovation processes in industry have been regarded as critical to establishing sustainable economic competitiveness and development-both crucial for societal goals and visions. In the aftermath of the tirst oil crisis in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the influential work by research schalars' has inspired a comprehensive new order in economic research internationally which will be discussed in this thesis. In the frame of that a main interest has been devoted to look upan what characterizes the emergence and development of an innovation system and the factors that contribute to, but perhaps also limit, the development?As a faundatian for the thesis, three different papers have been written. The tirst paper is a literature review with empirical examples and deals with the roats and long tails of the Swedish model - development of institutionai structures on an aggregated level through seetorai systems of innovation and productian. This paper also describes attempts to trans form and adapt the model to new circumstances at the end of the 1990s and the tirst years of the 21 st century. The second paper describe a foresight model and shows how such a model can be a valuable strategic management tool for renewing goals and cognitive awareness in a local cluster group in a traditional industry. This papet also views the consumer secter from miera and actot perspectives on the programme leve!. In the third paper three an ongoing transition processes and mutual development in three mature branches is studied. The paper presents a system perspective on organisations- and mezzoIevel.The thesis generates tive main conelusions: I) Long-tenn thinking and a nation of "la longue duree" are prerequisites for development of innovation systems. 2) The existence of a reference base and a prehistory constitutes an important platfonn for the emergence of innovation systems. 3) Strong driving forces and intentionalily are fundamental to emerging innovation systems. 4) Institutions and organisations are important instruments of change in the emergence of innovation systems; and 5) Entrepreneurship and management at s!!Uctural and micro levels are important ingredients in an innovation system's development processes. Possible implications ofsome aspects of the conclusions for the Swedish policy landscape are many. One example is the matter of longterm thinking and "la longue duree", which this thesis hopefully has made elear are not synonyms. Long-tenn thinking and temporalily within "la longue duree" are important issues behind successful innovations, change processes, and development processes. Of this. there is an impressive quantity offacts and arguments.
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45. |
- Grundström, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
View and management of innovativeness upon succession in family-owned SMEs
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Managing the Art of Innovation. - Lappeenranta, Finland : Lappeenranta University of Technology Press. - 9789522650047
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into how thesuccessors of family-owned manufacturing SMEs view and manageinnovativeness. Research into company take-overs mainly focuses on largecompanies and little is known about innovativeness in research on familyownedbusinesses, often SMEs. This paper presents findings from ten companysuccessions, five of which describe family successions and five external ones.The paper shows that there is little difference in how various types of successorview and manage innovativeness. A successor is chosen with care and this alsoinfluences the view and management of innovativeness: other criteria seem toapply in the succession and any (radical) changes can only be introduced if anumber of contextual factors are managed properly.
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46. |
- Hobday, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Lessons and Insights for Managers
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Knowledge Integration and Innovation. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780199693924 ; , s. 277-291
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Technology-based firms continue to compete primarily on innovation, and are continuously required to present new solutions to an exacting market. As technological complexity and specialization intensifies, firms increasingly need to integrate and co-ordinate knowledge by means of project groups, diversified organizations, inter-organizational partnerships, and strategic alliances. Innovation processes have progressively become interdisciplinary, collaborative, inter-organizational, and international, and a firm's ability to synthesize knowledge across disciplines, organizations, and geographical locations has a major influence on its viability and success.This book demonstrates how knowledge integration is crucial in facilitating innovation within modern firms. It provides original, detailed empirical studies of prerequisites, mechanisms, and outcomes of knowledge integration processes on several organizational levels, from key individuals, projects, and internal organizations, to collaboration between firms. It stresses the need to understand knowledge integration as a multi-level phenomenon, which requires a broad repertoire of organizational and technical means. It further clarifies the need for strong internal capabilities for exploiting external knowledge, reveals how costs of knowledge integration affect outcomes and strategic decisions, and discusses the managerial implications of fostering knowledge integration, providing practical guidance and support for managers of knowledge integration in high-technology enterprises.
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47. |
- Jacobsson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
Fremmer grønne sertifikater ny teknologi?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Energirikdommens paradokser. - Oslo : Universitetsforlaget. - 9788215018348 ; , s. 267-
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boka ser på hvilke endringer som må til for at Norge skal forbli en energinasjon også i framtida. Den presenterer et rammeverk for å forstå hvordan teknologiske endringer og innovasjonsprosesser foregår. Rammeverket tas i bruk til konkrete analyser av utfordringer og muligheter for å utvikle ny kraftproduksjon og omstilling i kraftindustri i Norge. Har litteraturliste og stikkordregister.
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48. |
-
Knowledge Integration and Innovation : Critical Challenges Facing International Technology-based Firms
- 2011
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Technology-based firms continue to compete primarily on innovation, and one continuously required to present new solutions to an exacting market. As technological complexity and specialization intensifies, firms increasingly need to integrate and coordinate knowledge by means of project groups, diversified organizations, inter-organizational partnerships, and strategic alliances. Innovation processes have progressively become interdisciplinary, collaborative, inter-organizational, and international, and a firm's ability to synthesize knowledge across disciplines, organizations, and geographical locations has a major influence on its viability and success.This book demonstrates how knowledge integration is crucial in facilitating innovation within modern firms. This book provides original, detailed empirical studies of prerequisites, mechanisms, and outcomes of knowledge integration processes on several organizational levels, from key individuals, projects, and internal organizations, to collaboration between firms. It stresses the need to understand knowledge integration as a multi-level phenomenon, which requires a broad repertoire of organizational and technical means. It further clarifies the need for strong internal capabilities for exploiting external knowledge, reveals how costs of knowledge integration affect outcomes and strategic decisions, and discusses the managerial implications of fostering knowledge integration, providing practical guidance and support for managers of knowledge integration in high technology enterprises.
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49. |
- Lidestam, Helene, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimerad offentlig uphandling av busstjänster : Miljökonsekvenser av dagens detaljerade upphandling av busstrafik
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Resultatet från beräkningarna indikerar att det finns en attraktiv potential i att ändra upphandlingsform till mer flexibla och mindre detaljerade kontrakt som är värd att undersöka vidare, inte minst i termer av mindre emissioner, men också i form av lägre kostnader. En potential som är gynnsam för alla parter som är inblandade i den offentliga upphandlingsprocessen av busstransporter, myndigheter, bussentreprenörer samt kunderna. Resultatet, som är logiskt har sin grund i ett effektivare resursutnyttjande av bussarna, d.v.s. en anpassning av busstorlek efter behov.Den allmänna fallstudien visade på sänkta nivåer av CO2-emissioner då kontrakten var mer flexibla och innehöll färre restriktioner när det gäller val av busstyp. Nivåerna av CO2-emissioner minskade med 34 % då man jämförde det mest flexibla scenariot (scenario 4) med nuvarande situation i aktuellt område i Västtrafik (scenario 1). Resultaten från den specifika fallstudien indikerar att även kostnaderna kan minskas beroende på hur effektivt tilläggsbussarna kan planeras. Resultaten indikerar att emissionerna kan minska med upp till 47 % genom att använda mindre bussar i trafiken och att kostnaderna i värsta fall kommer att stiga med 10%. Vi kan i vilket fall som helst konstatera att det finns möjligheter att även minska kostnaderna genom att förbättra planeringsmöjligheterna. Detta skulle t.ex. kunna göras genom att expandera det område som ska planeras i syfte att bättre kunna dra fördel av samordningseffekter och stordriftsfördelar. Andra transportentreprenörer, såsom exempelvis taxiverksamhet, skulle kunna användas i tillägg till de ordinarie bussarna för att kunna öka flexibiliteten och kunna utnyttja bussarna mer effektivt. Fyllnadsgraden på bussarna i allmänhet kan förmodligen höjas om omloppen kan planeras utifrån en önskan om en jämn nivå av passagerare. Antalet på- och avstigande gällande de studerade bussturerna i den specifika fallstudien varierar mycket längs med turerna. Möjligheten att använda parkeringsplatser utmed turerna i tillägg till att använda bussgarage skulle minska antalet kilometer med tomma bussar. Ovanstående möjligheter kan utgöra riktningar för fortsatt forskning inom området för att ytterligare visa på möjligheterna att reducera både CO2-emissionerna såväl som kostnaderna betydligt. I syfte att få en mer heltäckande bild av området skulle andra aspekter såsom passagerarnas inställning till bussresande och fullsatta bussar samt beteende vid resande kunna beaktas i fortsatt forskning.Resultaten från våra beräkningar visar att detaljerade krav i kontrakten som är resultatet av den offentliga upphandlingsprocessen leder till ökade CO2-emissioner och troligtvis generellt högre kostnader. Därför anser vi det vara högst motiverat för politikerna att utvärdera det svenska systemet. Denna forskning kommer därför att bidra till det övergripande målet att reducera CO2-emissionerna. Aktörerna inom bussbranschen borde även vara intresserade av att få insikt i hur färre restriktioner i kontrakten kommer att påverka dem.Resultaten visar också styrkan i projektets systemansats, där vi har vidgat systemgränserna och gjort våra beräkningar för systemet som helhet. Det har tillåtit oss att betrakta systemet som aktörsneutralt vilket innebär att vi inte begränsas i vår44forskning av t. ex. legala hinder, organisatoriska barriärer, planeringsmässiga problem och praktiska begränsningar. Istället har vi optimerat systemet som helhet i syfte att minimera CO2-emissionerna och därefter kompletterat med beräkningar gällande vilka företagsekonomiska konsekvenser en implementering av ett sådant system skulle medföra, först därefter har vi lyft fram de eventuella problem som i så fall måste lösas.Riktningar för fortsatt forskning skulle kunna vara att jämföra data från denna region med andra regioner i Sverige. Ett annat närliggande problem är att finna den optimala storleken på bussarna i tillägg till att beakta en bussflotta av en given storlek.
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50. |
- Ottosson, Mikael, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Multiplicity justifies corporate strategy : The case of Stora Enso, 1990-2008
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cultural Economy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1753-0350 .- 1753-0369. ; 4:4, s. 455-475
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study conducts an analysis of the relationship between strategic theory, industry- or marketwide practices, valuation metrics, and justification rhetoric in performing strategic practice. Indoing this, we refer to Michel Callon on the performativity of economics and Boltanski andThe´venot on the justification of strategic action. The paper introduces an analytical framework forstudying the corporate strategy pragmatics of a forest industry company Stora Enso over the19902008 period. The authors argue that Stora Enso’s corporate strategy is justified by andrepresents the outcome of multiple performances that coexist and interact with each other. Thesemultiple performances, ranging from general strategic management conceptual theories toindustry-wide practices and valuation metrics, may lead to conflict when creating successfulbusinesses.
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