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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) ;srt2:(2010-2011);lar1:(liu);srt2:(2011)"

Sökning: AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) > (2010-2011) > Linköpings universitet > (2011)

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1.
  • Sundin, Elisabeth, 1946- (författare)
  • Entrepreneurship and social and community care
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of Enterprising Communities. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1750-6204 .- 1750-6212. ; 5:3, s. 212-222
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that not only (obviously) social enterprises but also conventional ones are based on social intentions and that these social intentions often have community dimensions. The conclusion of these findings is that conventional research, and consequently, also the public debate on entrepreneurship as well as on social and community entrepreneurship, is guided by false notions rather than on empirical facts.Design/methodology/approach – The paper starts by presenting the dominating references on entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship and community entrepreneurship and then goes on to compare them. The existence of social motives among conventional enterprises is brought to the fore, first through a presentation of the official statistics of the motives for all new starters in Sweden and then with a presentation of cases from different sectors. The cases selected to represent the starters have all expressed social motives for going into business. “Care” was the word used by the individuals themselves and therefore the care concept is introduced.Findings – Social intentions can be found in conventional market enterprises. The intentions of the entrepreneurs' are often expressed in terms of “care”. Care for the community is often an important part of other care dimensions.Research limitations/implications – The empirical findings of care in conventional market enterprises and care for the community as an important care dimension in the cases presented have implications not only for theories on conventional, social and community entrepreneurship but also for theory building in social sciences in general. The dominance of English-speaking researchers can be a problem from this perspective.Practical implications – Both the descriptions and the analysis have practical implications for everyone interested in entrepreneurship and the circumstances for enterprises of all kinds as well as for local and regional development.Originality/value – The paper questions what is taken-for-granted, with the help of empirical examples and not just with statements.
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2.
  • Aronsson, Håkan, 1961-, et al. (författare)
  • Managing health care decisions and improvement through simulation modeling
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Quality Management in Health Care. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1063-8628 .- 1550-5154. ; 20:1, s. 15-29
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Simulation modeling is a way to test changes in a computerized environment to give ideas for improvements before implementation. This article reviews research literature on simulation modeling as support for health care decision making. The aim is to investigate the experience and potential value of such decision support and quality of articles retrieved. A literature search was conducted, and the selection criteria yielded 59 articles derived from diverse applications and methods. Most met the stated research-quality criteria. This review identified how simulation can facilitate decision making and that it may induce learning. Furthermore, simulation offers immediate feedback about proposed changes, allows analysis of scenarios, and promotes communication on building a shared system view and understanding of how a complex system works. However, only 14 of the 59 articles reported on implementation experiences, including how decision making was supported. On the basis of these articles, we proposed steps essential for the success of simulation projects, not just in the computer, but also in clinical reality. We also presented a novel concept combining simulation modeling with the established plan-do-study-act cycle for improvement. Future scientific inquiries concerning implementation, impact, and the value for health care management are needed to realize the full potential of simulation modeling.
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3.
  • Rudberg, Martin, 1973-, et al. (författare)
  • Advanced Planning Systems for Supply Chain Design
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the APMS 2011 Conference. - 9788276444612
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    •   The supply chain design defines the operating basis of a supply chain and thereby naturally affects the strategic and financial performance of a company. Yet, companies often tend to neglect to include supply chain design in their strategic planning processes, partly due to the fact that there has been a lack of decision support system for these crucial decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe how advanced planning systems (APS), as a standard commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) decision support system, can be used to design and configure the most efficient supply chain structure. To illustrate this, the paper includes two case studies that have used APS to analyse and re-configure their respective supply chains. The cases show many similarities, but also differences in terms of modelling techniques and project management, impacting the results and usefulness of employing a standard APS for supply chain design.
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4.
  • Hansson, Lisa, et al. (författare)
  • Bypassing public procurement regulation : a study of rationality in local decision making
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Regulation and Governance. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1748-5983 .- 1748-5991. ; 5:3, s. 368-385
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using private contractors through procurement is common in most public sector areas. Despite the benefits of procurement, officials are sometimes tempted to circumvent procurement regulations. The aim of this article is to examine the strategies used by local governmental decisionmakers to bypass procurement regulations and to analyze the rationality underlying these officials' actions. Interviews, court documents, municipal documents, and newspaper articles describing the actions of Swedish municipal officials concerning special transport service (STS) procurements were collected and analyzed. In a case in which rural municipalities lost regular taxi services after STS procurement, we demonstrate how decisions were driven by pressure from the public and local interest groups, making municipal officials deviate from procurement regulations in striving to secure the existence of regular taxi services. One outcome was that local businesses were given preferential treatment, violating regulations and reducing economic efficiency.
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5.
  • Abouzeedan, Adli, 1955- (författare)
  • SME Performance and Its Relationship to Innovation
  • 2011
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Current SME performance models suffer from a number of disadvantages. The models use intensively a business ratio approach, they look at SMEs as a homogenous group, they consider firms to be closed systems, they do not directly incorporate the impact of an enterprise’s innovation activities, and finally they are complex and rely on sophisticated statistical refining methods making them unpractical to use by SME managers. There are four major challenges when one tries to build SME performance models that lack these deficiencies. The first challenge is that the desired performance evaluation model must optimally incorporate both quantitative and qualitative input. The second challenge is that the model must incorporate non-financial input parameters, such as firm size and age (among others), in the performance evaluation models. The third is that the model must consider the variety of SMEs as concerns their business sectors, nationalities, sizes, and ages. The final challenge is that the model must be able to utilize existing limited information available from the SMEs bookkeeping practices in an optimal way.The thesis addresses three questions related to constructing a better SMEperformance model, namely (1) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the existing models used in evaluating SME performance? (2) What characterizes a comprehensive model for measuring SME performance with acknowledgement of the firm’s innovation activities? (3) How can a firm’s innovation activities be enhanced in relation to the firm’s external environment?To construct a model that copes with these challenges, I used a literature-based selection of parameters as well as a theory-based selection. I used both a conceptual approach and an empirical approach to discuss and propose a model, the Survival Index Value (or SIV) model, as an alternative to the existing performance models for SMEs.The major contributions of this thesis to the field of SME performance can be summarized in three outcomes: the SIV model as a new model of SME performance evaluation, the ASPEM as a new tool for strategic utilization of SME performance models, and a new approach to account for innovation in relation to the external environment of the firm using the IBAM tool.The work adds to the theory of the firm, as it presents a new way of evaluating firm performance. It also contributes to bridging the theory of the firm to organizational theory, by elevating the significance of networking and its impact on SME efficiency.
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6.
  • Sandberg, Erik, 1978-, et al. (författare)
  • Characteristics of a Logistics-Based Business Model
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of Marketing Channels. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1046-669X .- 1540-7039. ; 18, s. 1-23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In companies where excellence in logistics is decisive for the outperformance of competitors and logistics has an outspoken role for the strategy of the firm, there is present what we refer to here as a “logistics-based business model.” Based on a multiple case study of three Nordic retail companies, the purpose of this article is to explore the characteristics of such a logistics-based business model. As such, this research helps to provide structure to logistics-based business models and identifies a way forward for companies for whom logistics and distribution are a major concern for the overall strategy of the firm.
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7.
  • Backlund, Sandra, et al. (författare)
  • Energy services in Swedish industrial firms : A multidisciplinary analysis of an emerging market
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The European commission highlight the energy service market as an important means to improve energy efficiency. Both the Energy service directive and the new suggested Energy Efficiency Directive urge member states to facilitate market development for energy services. The industrial sector is estimated to have large energy efficiency potential. The aim of this multidisciplinary report is to investigate the state of the Swedish energy service market 2011, both from the supply side and from the industrial demand side in order to contribute with knowledge to the discussion of energy services as a way to improve industrial energy efficiency. Economic market theory and Socio-technical theory (the theory of economization presented by Caliskan and Callon) is used to analyse different aspects of the emerging market. The results show that the market for industrial energy services in Sweden is more extensive than previous reports have assessed. Our study describes how energy service collaborations can be complex and how calculations and measurements of expected energy savings lead to controversies and power imbalances.
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8.
  • Andersson, Hans, 1962-, et al. (författare)
  • Leveraging inventors' creativity
  • 2011
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • While creativity is often understood as the generation of valuable novelty, we extend that view into a framework based on well-known and established models from the creativity literature. In addition to generation of novelty which forms our frameworks first dimension, we add selection of novelty, and type of creative contribution.  Based on interviews with inventors and managers in three large, patent-intensive firms, representing completely different industries, we show how the framework can be employed in order to better understand in what ways different practices exploit and/or support the inventors’ creative abilities. By relating the practices not to creativity in general but to components of creativity (c.f Amabile 1997) the paper enriches the discussion of how inventors’ can be leveraged in technology-based firms.
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9.
  • Johansson, Mattias, 1974-, et al. (författare)
  • Taking the inventive step : The role of the patent department in new product development
  • 2011
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Drawing on an interview-based case study of R&D specialists in two patent intensive firms, we suggest that patent engineers are an important resource for R&D specialists’ work throughout the inventive process. In addition to the role prior literature indicates the patent department to have for supplying R&D with information needed from and about patents to plan R&D work, the findings suggest that patent engineers contribute to the actual development work whereby R&D specialists turn ideas into inventions, and inventions into patents. In virtue of their patent expertise and their technological competence, patent engineers can help R&D specialists to shape and refine their ideas into patentable inventions by appraising potential obstacles, suggesting promising lines of approach to a determined problem, or at times even by assisting with the technological solution per se. We suggest that such contributions of the patent department are particularly important in mature industries where demands for patentable inventions to protect new products are in constant conflict with that many of the knowledge domains in which firms compete are already heavily patented. The results further indicate an increasing need for firms to integrate not only the functionally specialized departments of R&D, marketing and manufacturing, as is often indicated in new product development literatures, but also a need to integrate R&D with the patent department. Indeed, in mature industries at least, the responsibilities for R&D and patenting may be intimately related, making it difficult to analyze the two separately.
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10.
  • Ahmed, Ali, 1977-, et al. (författare)
  • Sexual orientation and occupational rank
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Economics Bulletin. - 1545-2921. ; 31:3, s. 2422-2433
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a study of differences in occupational rank between gay and heterosexual males as well as between lesbian and heterosexual females. We estimate different specifications of an ordered probit model on register data from Sweden. Our data consist of married heterosexual men and women and homosexual men and women living in civil unions. We find that homosexual men have a lower probability of working in a profession demanding a longer university education or a management profession than heterosexual men. In contrast, we find that homosexual women are more likely than heterosexual women to work in such professions.
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