| 24831. |
- Bruce, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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'walking in their shoes' : experiences of support in pediatric cardiac care
- 2024
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Ingår i: Pediatric Nursing. - : Jannetti Publications. - 0097-9805. ; 50:2, s. 84-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study was to illuminate experiences of obtainingsupport among male adolescents with congenital heart disease and their mothers,and nurses’ experiences of providing support within pediatric nursing care.Methods: This descriptive qualitative study used an inductive approach. Datawere collected from interviews with six participants: two adolescents with congenital heart defects-mother dyads, and two nurses at a pediatric cardiac outpatient clinic in Sweden. Data were analyzed through content analysis.Results: Results are divided into three domains: desired support, lacking support,and undesirable support. Within these three respective domains, support is furtherillustrated from three categories of perspectives: adolescents, mothers, and nurses.Conclusions: Study findings show adolescents and their mothers desire support,such as family-system nursing. Nurses strive to provide support in the form ofinformative care like the approach based on the philosophy of pediatric familycentered care.Implications: When highlighting experiences of support from different perspectives, it is important for the provided support to be adapted to families’ needs.
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| 24832. |
- Bruce, Lesley J, et al.
(författare)
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Absence of CD47 in protein 4.2-deficient hereditary spherocytosis in man : an interaction between the Rh complex and the band 3 complex.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 100:5, s. 1878-1885
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present data on a patient of South Asian origin with recessive hereditary spherocytosis (HS) due to absence of protein 4.2 [4.2 (-) HS]. Protein 4.2 cDNA sequence analysis showed the presence of a novel 41-bp frameshift deletion that predicts a truncated peptide designated protein 4.2 Hammersmith. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction indicated that the mutant mRNA was unstable. Sequencing of protein 4.2 genomic DNA revealed that the deletion stems from aberrant splicing. The proband was homozygous for a G>T substitution at position 1747 (cDNA numbering) that activates a cryptic acceptor splice site within exon 11 of the protein 4.2 gene (EPB42). The proband's mother was found to be heterozygous for this substitution. Unlike protein 4.2 null mice, the proband's red cells showed no evidence for abnormal cation permeability. Quantitation of red cell membrane proteins was carried out by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blotting, and flow cytometric measurement. CD47, a protein associated with the Rh complex, was markedly reduced to about 1% (in the proband) and 65% (in the mother) that found in healthy controls. The Rh-associated glycoprotein migrated with a higher than normal apparent molecular weight on SDS-PAGE. There was no obvious reduction in Rh polypeptides. These observations indicate that protein 4.2 and CD47 interact in the human red cell membrane. They provide further evidence for an association between the band 3 complex (band 3, ankyrin, protein 4.2, glycophorin A) and the Rh complex (Rh-associated glycoprotein, Rh polypeptides, glycophorin B, CD47, LW) and define a point of attachment between the Rh complex and the red cell cytoskeleton.
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| 24833. |
- Bruce, Michael G, et al.
(författare)
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International Circumpolar Surveillance System for invasive pneumococcal disease, 1999-2005
- 2008
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - Atlanta, GA : National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 14:1, s. 25-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The International Circumpolar Surveillance System is a population-based surveillance network for invasive bacterial disease in the Arctic. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced for routine infant vaccination in Alaska (2001), northern Canada (2002-2006), and Norway (2006). Data for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) were analyzed to identify clinical findings, disease rates, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial drug susceptibility; 11,244 IPD cases were reported. Pneumonia and bacteremia were common clinical findings. Rates of IPD among indigenous persons in Alaska and northern Canada were 43 and 38 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. Rates in children <2 years of age ranged from 21 to 153 cases per 100,000 population. In Alaska and northern Canada, IPD rates in children <2 years of age caused by PCV7 serotypes decreased by >80% after routine vaccination. IPD rates are high among indigenous persons and children in Arctic countries. After vaccine introduction, IPD caused by non-PCV7 serotypes increased in Alaska.
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| 24834. |
- Bruce, Stephen J, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a protocol for metabolic profiling studies on human blood plasma by combined ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry : From extraction to data analysis
- 2009
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Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0003-2697 .- 1096-0309. ; 372:2, s. 237-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The investigation presented here describes a protocol designed to perform high-throughput metabolic profiling analysis on human blood plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS). To address whether a previous extraction protocol for gas chromatography (GC)/MS-based metabolic profiling of plasma could be used for UPLC/MS-based analysis, the original protocol was compared with similar methods for extraction of low-molecular-weight compounds from plasma via protein precipitation. Differences between extraction methods could be observed, but the previously published extraction method was considered the best. UPLC columns with three different stationary phases (C8, C18, and phenyl) were used in identical experimental runs consisting of a total of 60 injections of extracted male and female plasma samples. The C8 column was determined to be the best for metabolic profiling analysis on plasma. The acquired UPLC/MS data of extracted male and female plasma samples was subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS–DA). Furthermore, a strategy for compound identification was applied here, demonstrating the strength of high-mass-accuracy time-of-flight (TOF)/MS analysis in metabolic profiling.
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| 24835. |
- Bruck, Wolfram M, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of bovine alpha-lactalbumin and casein glycomacropeptide-enriched infant formulae on faecal microbiota in healthy term infants
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. - Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0277-2116 .- 1536-4801. ; 43:5, s. 673-679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Certain milk factors may promote the growth of a host-friendly gastrointestinal microbiota, for example, one that is predominated by bifidobacteria, a perceived healthpromoting genus. This may explain why breast-fed infants experience fewer intestinal infections than their formula-fed counterparts who are believed to have a more diverse microbiota, which is similar to that of adults. The effects of formulas supplemented with 2 such ingredients from bovine milk, a-lactalbumin (alpha-lac) and casein glycomacropeptide (GMP), on gut flora were investigated in this study.Patients and Methods: Six-week-old (4-8 wk), healthy term infants were randomised to a standard infant formula or 1 of 2 test formulae enriched in alpha-Jac with higher or lower GMP until 6 months. Faecal bacteriology was determined by the culture-independent procedure fluorescence in situ hybridisation.Results: There was a large fluctuation of bacterial counts within groups with no statistically significant differences between groups. Although all groups showed a. predominance of bifidobacteria, breast-fed infants had a small temporary increase in counts. Other bacterial levels varied in formula-fed groups, which overall showed an adult-like faecal microflora.Conclusions: It can be speculated that a prebiotic effect for alpha-lac and GMP is achieved only with low starting populations of beneficial microbiota (eg, infants not initially breast-fed).
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| 24836. |
- Bruening, Janina, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatitis C virus enters liver cells using the CD81 receptor complex proteins calpain-5 and CBLB
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7366 .- 1553-7374. ; 14:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the malaria parasite Plasmodium use the membrane protein CD81 to invade human liver cells. Here we mapped 33 host protein interactions of CD81 in primary human liver and hepatoma cells using high-resolution quantitative proteomics. In the CD81 protein network, we identified five proteins which are HCV entry factors or facilitators including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Notably, we discovered calpain-5 (CAPN5) and the ubiquitin ligase Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene B (CBLB) to form a complex with CD81 and support HCV entry. CAPN5 and CBLB were required for a post-binding and pre-replication step in the HCV life cycle. Knockout of CAPN5 and CBLB reduced susceptibility to all tested HCV genotypes, but not to other enveloped viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus and human coronavirus. Furthermore, Plasmodium sporozoites relied on a distinct set of CD81 interaction partners for liver cell entry. Our findings reveal a comprehensive CD81 network in human liver cells and show that HCV and Plasmodium highjack selective CD81 interactions, including CAPN5 and CBLB for HCV, to invade cells.
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| 24837. |
- Bruening, Janina, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Type III Interferons in Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Therapy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology Research. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2314-8861 .- 2314-7156.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human interferon (IFN) response is a key innate immune mechanism to fight virus infection. IFNs are host-encoded secreted proteins, which induce IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) with antiviral properties. Among the three classes of IFNs, type III IFNs, also called IFN lambdas (IFNLs), are an essential component of the innate immune response to hepatitis C virus (HCV). In particular, human polymorphisms in IFNL gene loci correlate with hepatitis C disease progression and with treatment response. To date, the underlying mechanisms remain mostly elusive; however it seems clear that viral infection of the liver induces IFNL responses. As IFNL receptors show a more restricted tissue expression than receptors for other classes of IFNs, IFNL treatment has reduced side effects compared to the classical type I IFN treatment. In HCV therapy, however, IFNL will likely not play an important role as highly effective direct acting antivirals (DAA) exist. Here, we will review our current knowledge on IFNL gene expression, protein properties, signaling, ISG induction, and its implications on HCV infection and treatment. Finally, we will discuss the lessons learnt from the HCV and IFNL field for virus infections beyond hepatitis C.
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| 24838. |
- Brugat, Thibaut, et al.
(författare)
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Antibody-independent mechanisms regulate the establishment of chronic Plasmodium infection
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Microbiology. - : Macmillan Publishers Ltd.. - 2058-5276. ; 2:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malaria is caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium. All human-infecting Plasmodium species can establish long-lasting chronic infections(1-5), creating an infectious reservoir to sustain transmission(1,6). It is widely accepted that the maintenance of chronic infection involves evasion of adaptive immunity by antigenic variation(7). However, genes involved in this process have been identified in only two of five human-infecting species: Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium knowlesi. Furthermore, little is understood about the early events in the establishment of chronic infection in these species. Using a rodent model we demonstrate that from the infecting population, only a minority of parasites, expressing one of several clusters of virulence-associated pir genes, establishes a chronic infection. This process occurs in different species of parasites and in different hosts. Establishment of chronicity is independent of adaptive immunity and therefore different from the mechanism proposed for maintenance of chronic P. falciparum infections(7-9). Furthermore, we show that the proportions of parasites expressing different types of pir genes regulate the time taken to establish a chronic infection. Because pir genes are common to most, if not all, species of Plasmodium(10), this process may be a common way of regulating the establishment of chronic infections.
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| 24839. |
- Brügger, Annina, et al.
(författare)
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Distributing Attention Between Environment and Navigation System to Increase Spatial Knowledge Acquisition During Assisted Wayfinding
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Workshops and Posters at the 13th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2017). - Cham : Springer. - 9783319639451 - 9783319639468 ; , s. 19-22
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Travelers happily follow the route instructions of their devices when navigating in an unknown environment. Navigation systems focus on route instructions to allow the user to efficiently reach a destination, but their increased use also has negative consequences. We argue that the limitation for spatial knowledge acquisition is grounded in the system’s design, primarily aimed at increasing navigation efficiency. Therefore, we empirically investigate how navigation systems could guide users’ attention to support spatial knowledge acquisition during efficient route following tasks.
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| 24840. |
- Brügger, Annina, et al.
(författare)
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How does navigation system behavior influence human behavior?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 2365-7464. ; 4:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Navigation systems are ubiquitous tools to assist wayfinders of the mobile information society with various navigational tasks. Whenever such systems assist with self-localization and path planning, they reduce human effort for navigating. Automated navigation assistance benefits navigation performance, but research seems to show that it negatively affects attention to environment properties, spatial knowledge acquisition, and retention of spatial information. Very little is known about how to design navigation systems for pedestrian navigation that increase both navigation performance and spatial knowledge acquisition. To this end, we empirically tested participants (N = 64) using four different navigation system behaviors (between-subject design). Two cognitive processes with varying levels of automation, self-localization and allocation of attention, define navigation system behaviors: either the system automatically executes one of the processes (high level of automation), or the system leaves the decision of when and where to execute the process to the navigator (low level of automation). In two experimental phases, we applied a novel empirical framework for evaluating spatial knowledge acquisition in a real-world outdoor urban environment. First, participants followed a route assisted by a navigation system and, simultaneously, incidentally acquired spatial knowledge. Second, participants reversed the route using the spatial knowledge acquired during the assisted phase, this time without the aid of the navigation system. Results of the route-following phase did not reveal differences in navigation performance across groups using different navigation system behaviors. However, participants using systems with higher levels of automation seemed not to acquire enough spatial knowledge to reverse the route without navigation errors. Furthermore, employing novel methods to analyze mobile eye tracking data revealed distinct patterns of human gaze behavior over time and space. We thus can demonstrate how to increase spatial knowledge acquisition without harming navigation performance when using navigation systems, and how to influence human navigation behavior with varying navigation system behavior. Thus, we provide key findings for the design of intelligent automated navigation systems in real-world scenarios.
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