| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Aad, Georges, et al.
(författare)
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Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton- proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
- 2011
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The jet energy scale (JES) and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 inverse pb. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0.4 or R=0.6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pt > 20 GeV and pseudorapidities eta<4.5. The JES systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams. The JES uncertainty is less than 2.5% in the central calorimeter region (eta<0.8) for jets with 60 < pt < 800 GeV, and is maximally 14% for pt < 30 GeV in the most forward region 3.2 50 GeV after a dedicated correction for this effect. The JES is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pt, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pt jets recoiling against a high-pt jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, providing an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The JES systematic uncertainty determined from a combination of in situ techniques are consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pt jets.
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| 14. |
- Aad, Georges, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of inclusive jet and dijet production in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inclusive jet and dijet cross sections have been measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The cross sections were measured using jets clustered with the anti-kT algorithm with parameters R=0.4 and R=0.6. These measurements are based on the 2010 data sample, consisting of a total integrated luminosity of 37 inverse picobarns. Inclusive jet double-differential cross sections are presented as a function of jet transverse momentum, in bins of jet rapidity. Dijet double-differential cross sections are studied as a function of the dijet invariant mass, in bins of half the rapidity separation of the two leading jets. The measurements are performed in the jet rapidity range |y|<4.4, covering jet transverse momenta from 20 GeV to 1.5 TeV and dijet invariant masses from 70 GeV to 5 TeV. The data are compared to expectations based on next-to-leading order QCD calculations corrected for non-perturbative effects, as well as to next-to-leading order Monte Carlo predictions. In addition to a test of the theory in a new kinematic regime, the data also provide sensitivity to parton distribution functions in a region where they are currently not well-constrained.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Aad, Georges, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the inclusive W+- and Z/gamma cross sections in the electron and muon decay channels in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
- 2011
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The production cross sections of the inclusive Drell-Yan processes W to l nu and Z/gamma to ll (l=e,mu) are measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. The cross sections are reported integrated over a fiducial kinematic range, extrapolated to the full range and also evaluated differentially as a function of the W decay lepton pseudorapidity and the Z boson rapidity, respectively. Based on an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1 collected in 2010, the precision of these measurements reaches a few per cent. The integrated and the differential W+- and Z/gamma cross sections in the e and mu channels are combined, and compared with perturbative QCD calculations, based on a number of different parton distribution sets available at NNLO.
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| 17. |
- Aad, Georges, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the WW cross section in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV pp collisions with ATLAS
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 107
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This Letter presents a measurement of the W+W− production cross section in s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions by the ATLAS experiment, using 34 pb−1 of integrated luminosity produced by the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Selecting events with two isolated leptons, each either an electron or a muon, 8 candidate events are observed with an expected background of 1.7±0.6 events. The measured cross section is 41+20−16(stat)±5(syst)±1(lumi) pb, which is consistent with the standard model prediction of 44±3 pb calculated at next-to-leading order in QCD.
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| 18. |
- Aad, Georges, et al.
(författare)
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Search for production of resonant states in the photon-jet mass distribution using pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This Letter describes a model-independent search for production of new resonant states in photon-jet events in 2.11 fb^-1 of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. We compare the photon-jet mass distribution to a data-driven background estimate and find consistency with the background hypothesis. Given the lack of evidence for a signal, we set 95% CL limits on generic Gaussian-shape signals and on a benchmark excited-quark (q*) model, excluding 2 TeV Gaussian resonances with cross section times branching ratio times acceptance times efficiency near 5 fb and excluding q* masses below 2.46 TeV, respectively.
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| 19. |
- Aaltonen, Jaana, 1969-
(författare)
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Ground Monitoring using Resistivity Measurements in Glaciated Terrains
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The most common method of monitoring and mapping groundwatercontaminants is to extract and analyse a number of groundwatersamples from wells in the investigation area. However, thereare a number of limitations with this type of point-wiseinvestigation, as it is hard to acquire an adequate picture ofa heterogeneous and anisotropic subsurface using a fewpoints. To overcome the limitations of point investigations and toimprove ground monitoring investigations in a cost-effectiveway, support can be provided by direct current resistivitymeasurements, which give a characterisation of the electricalproperties of a ground volume. The main objective with this work was to investigate theusability of the resistivity method as a support in monitoringgroundwater contaminants in glaciated terrains and underdifferent seasons, both in long-term monitoring programmes andintracer tests. The work comprised field investigations at several differentsanitary landfills and four tracer tests in differentgeological environments, around the Stockholm region. The maininvestigations have been done at Högbytorp, Stockholmwhich has been used for long-term investigations of theresistivity variation, together with a field set up formonitoring and measurements on seasonal variation in soilmoisture, ground temperature and precipitation. It can be concluded that the use of resistivity measurementssupplies valuable information in the case of mapping andmonitoring conductive groundwater contaminants andfurthermore: The variation in resistivity (in shallow investigations<1 m) can be extensive between different seasons (around30 % compared to a mean value in till and clay soils) andshould be considered, so that anthropogenic affects can beseparated from natural resistivity variation. For deeperinvestigations (>5 m) the seasonal resistivity variationwas more moderate (around 15% compared to a mean value intill and clay soils). Soil moisture variation shows a strong relationship toresistivity variation in the investigated clay and tillsoils. Together with temperature correction 47 to 65% of thevariation has been explained. Three types of monitoring systems can be applied:Permanently installed, partly installed and fully mobilesystems. For the actual measurements, all three types can useeither high-density techniques such as CVES (ContinuousVertical Electrical Sounding) or low-density measuring withone or some different electrode spacings. The suggested evaluation tool for monitoring programmesshowed that it was possible to detect a decrease of 15 % inthe mean value at a specific site using Modified Double Masscalculations between resistivity time series and time seriesat a reference site with a comparable seasonalvariation. Resistivity measurements may be used as a valuablecomplement to groundwater sampling in tracer tests. Adecrease in resistivity, a minimum and a recovery phasereflect the passage of a NaCl-solution, which can be used toestimate flow velocity and flow patterns of the investigatedaquifer. The achieved recovery of NaCl in the tracer testscarried out was estimated to 20 to 70 %. The measurement system for long-term monitoring or tracertests, which should be chosen with regard to layout andfrequency, depends on the purpose of measurement and onsite-specific conditions and therefore no standard solutioncan be proposed. Key words:Resistivity, Direct Current, Monitoring,Groundwater, Contaminant, Tracer test, Geophysics.
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| 20. |
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