| 551. |
- Larsson, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a Sexual Education Intervention among Swedish High School Students
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 34:2, s. 124-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To evaluate an intervention aimed at improving knowledge of, attitudes to, and practices regarding condoms and emergency contraception (ECP) among Swedish high school students. METHODS: An intervention study with quasi-experimental design. A strategic sample of classes from two vocational high school programs was divided into an intervention group and a comparison group. All students completed questionnaires before and after the intervention, which included sexual education lessons by a nurse-midwife and medical students, free condoms on request and access to telephone counseling. RESULTS: Of the 461 eligible students, mean age 17 years, 390 (85%) completed the pre-test and 326 (71%) the post-test. Three out of four (77%) had experienced sexual intercourse. The majority (76%) had used contraception, mostly condoms at first intercourse. The students already had good knowledge of condoms with no change after the intervention, but attitudes improved and condom use increased. Knowledge of, and attitudes towards ECP improved but use remained stable (29%). The most important source of information about ECP changed from "friends" to "school" after the intervention. More than one out of four (28%) had opted for free condoms but only 3% had requested telephone counseling. CONCLUSIONS: Condom use increased after the intervention whereas the use of ECP remained stable. Knowledge of ECP improved and the attitudes towards both condoms and ECP became more positive. Participation of nurse-midwives and medical students, skill rehearsal, and improved access to condoms may be useful elements in sexual education.
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| 552. |
- László, Krisztina D., et al.
(författare)
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Sickness absence and disability pension three years before and seven years after first childbirth : A Swedish population-based cohort study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 52:1, s. 80-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: There is a widely held belief, in Sweden and internationally, that women with children are more likely to be on sickness absence (SA) than their nulliparous counterparts. However, empirical findings in the field are limited and inconsistent. We aimed to explore initially nulliparous women’s patterns of SA and disability pension (DP) three years before and seven years after 2009, by later parity.Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of nulliparous women in Sweden on 31 December 2009 (N=426,918). We compared crude and standardized numbers of SA/DP net days in the three years before (Y–3 to Y–1) and the seven years (Y+1 to Y+7) after the date of the first birth in 2010 or 2 July 2010 in the following three groups: (1) women with no childbirth during the seven-year follow-up and an additional nine months (i.e. 7.8 years), (2) women with a first childbirth in 2010 and no additional childbirth during the next 7.8 years, and (3) women with their first childbirth in 2010 and minimum one more during the next 7.8 years.Results: Women remaining nulliparous had consistently more standardized mean SA/DP days than women giving birth. Compared with women with one birth, women with several births had similar mean numbers of standardized SA/DP days during Y–3 and Y–2, more during Y+1 to Y+3 and fewer during Y+4 to Y+7.Conclusions: In contrast to the widely held societal belief, we found that in all years women who gave birth had fewer SA/DP days than those remaining nulliparous.
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| 553. |
- Lazarus, Jeffrey, et al.
(författare)
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HIV/AIDS knowledge and condom use among Somali and Sudanese immigrants in Denmark.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 34:1, s. 92-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This study explores the knowledge, attitudes and practices among Somali and Sudanese immigrants in Denmark with regard to HIV/AIDS and condom use. Material and methods: A 78-item questionnaire, divided into five thematic sections, was given to 192 purposively selected Sudanese and Somalis of both sexes, aged 18-49, who had lived in Denmark for one or more years. It was administered in Arabic and Somali in four locations and supplemented by 13 semi-structured interviews. Results: Education, sex, and nationality, but not length of residence in Denmark, were positively associated with knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Less than half of both men and women scored more than 70% on the knowledge portion of the questionnaire, while Sudanese knew more than Somalis. Men had a more negative attitude towards condoms than women, but greater knowledge about them. One-third of the women reported never having seen or heard of a condom, and almost half had never received information about condoms. Both sexes preferred receiving such information from the TV or friends instead of family doctors or HIV-positive individuals. Conclusions: This study suggests that knowledge about HIV/AIDS is low in these two Danish immigrant groups, both of which are characterized by reported incidence rates that are higher than the national average. The groups receive little information, while condom knowledge is particularly low among poorly educated women, and men have a negative attitude to condom use. The findings indicate a need for targeted, culturally sensitive HIV/AIDS information and advice.
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| 554. |
- Lazarus, Jeffrey, et al.
(författare)
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ICPD@ten: is reproductive health under fire?
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 32:6, s. 476-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 555. |
- Lazarus, Jeffrey, et al.
(författare)
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Lithuanian general practitioners' knowledge of confidentiality laws in adolescent sexual and reproductive healthcare: a cross-sectional study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 36:3, s. 303-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In Lithuania, the legislation addressing confidentiality in adolescent healthcare is contradictory and vague. Previous studies have also revealed that medico-legal knowledge among physicians is poor, and attitudes play a correspondingly greater role than legal knowledge in ensuring the confidentiality of patients. OBJECTIVE: To survey the knowledge of Lithuanian general practitioner (GPs) of legal issues surrounding confidentiality for minors in sexual and reproductive healthcare. METHODS: A 41-item questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 607 GPs. Their legal knowledge was evaluated with respect to the provisions of the Lithuanian Law on the Rights of Patients and Compensation for Health Damage. The analysis included descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression to estimate odds ratios for the eight independent variables (age, gender, type, location, ownership, size, frequency of consultations, and existence of a written office policy). RESULTS: The response rate was 73.5%. Of these respondents, 49.3% proved to be knowledgeable about legal standards protecting the confidentiality of adolescents in healthcare. Knowledgeability was found to be higher among GPs who had a written office policy that was based on the law. Respondents stated that the most important measure to improve confidentiality in adolescent healthcare would be the development of an explicit legal framework to address it. CONCLUSIONS: GPs' unfamiliarity with existing confidentiality regulations implies that there are ways to improve confidentiality in sexual and reproductive care beyond merely changing the law. This study suggests the need for a comprehensive strategy, including the development of professional guidelines and written office policies coupled with legal educational programmes directed at GPs.
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| 556. |
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| 557. |
- Lazarus, Jeffrey V., et al.
(författare)
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Improving African health research capacity
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 38:6, s. 670-671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The issue of strengthening local research capacity in Africa is again high on the health and development agenda. The latest initiative comes from the Wellcome Trust. But when it comes to capacity development, one of the chief obstacles that health sectors in the region must confront is the migration of health professionals to countries that offer more lucrative opportunities, like those in western Europe. To combat this "brain drain", already back in 1984, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) created a training programme in which healthcare professionals from Africa conducted the bulk of their research in their own countries. However, the model was only partly successful. Several years ago, we assessed the preconditions for the renewal of Sida support for research and research training activities in the region. Based on our work to develop a critical mass of beneficial research capacity in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, this article suggests several recommendations to both donors and governments that have broad application for general health research issues in the region.
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| 558. |
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| 559. |
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| 560. |
- Lehti, V, et al.
(författare)
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Use of benzodiazepine and related drugs in migrants and Finnish-born persons: a nationwide register-based study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 51:8, s. 1222-1230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Benzodiazepines and related drugs (BZDR) are often used longer than generally recommended. The aim is to study patterns of use among migrant and Finnish-born users of BZDR, and to identify factors that are associated with long-term use and BZDR polytherapy. Methods: This register-based study includes a nationwide sample of migrants ( n=8729) and their Finnish-born controls ( n=11 388) who had purchased BZDR in 2011–2014, but not in 2009–2010. Information on drug purchases was obtained from the National Prescription Register and the duration of drug use was estimated using PRE2DUP method. The main outcomes were long-term use of BZDR, polytherapy and time until discontinuation of BZDR use. Sociodemographic variables and information on preceding psychiatric diagnoses were included as covariates. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were the statistical methods used. Results: Only migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa were more likely to discontinue the medication once initiated than Finnish-born users. Migrants were significantly less likely to be long-term users (adjusted odds ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.70–0.89) or polytherapy users (aOR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84–0.97) of BZDR compared with Finnish-born participants. Conclusions: Migrants had less long-term and concomitant use of several BZDR than Finnish-born participants. The pattern of use is more optimal among migrants, but it may also reflect poorer access to mental health treatment.
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