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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) ;srt2:(2010-2011);lar1:(su);conttype:(scientificother)"

Sökning: AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) > (2010-2011) > Stockholms universitet > Övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt

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41.
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42.
  • Erixon, Lennart, 1947- (författare)
  • Ekonomisk tillväxt
  • 2011. - 4
  • Ingår i: Tillämpad makroekonomi. - Stockholm : SNS. - 9789186203382
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Nationalekonomin brukar delas upp i två huvudområden: mikroekonomi och makroekonomi. Inom mikroekonomin studerar man ekonomins grundläggande byggstenar, nämligen de enskilda hushållens och företagens beslut. Inom makroekonomin har man ett mer övergripande perspektiv. Där studerar man de stora aggregaten, som arbetslöshet, tillväxt, ränta och inflation.Det är inom dessa områden som diskussionerna är som hetast i dag. Varför är arbetslösheten så hög? Hur sköter Riksbanken sitt arbete egentligen? Varför svänger räntorna och växelkurserna så mycket? Och varför kan inte regeringen göra någonting åt alla orättvisorna? Syftet med Tillämpad makroekonomi är att på ett enkelt och lättfattligt sätt presentera nationalekonomernas syn på dessa frågor. I den fjärde upplagan är alla kapitel omarbetade och uppdaterade, och några av dem helt omskrivna.
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43.
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44.
  • Folke, Olle, 1979- (författare)
  • Parties, Power and Patronage : Papers in Political Economy
  • 2010
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis consists of three empirical essays in political economics."Shades of Brown and Green: Party Effects in Proportional Election Systems" is the first paper to develop a method for estimating the causal effect of party representation in proportional election systems. This method is applied to Swedish municipalities. The results show that party representation has a large effect on immigration policy and environmental policy. Parties profiling themselves in a policy area also have the largest effects on it. There is no evidence for party representation having an effect on tax policy."Midterm Slumps in US State Elections: Coattails, Power Balancing, or Referenda?" examines midterm slumps in US state legislatures and the mechanisms that cause them. The results show that the party of the governor systematically loses legislative seats in the midterm elections. Through the use of a regression discontinuity design it can be ruled out that this is caused by a surge-and-decline type mechanism. Instead, the results suggest that the midterm slump can be attributed, in about equal shares, to the midterm elections being a referendum on gubernatorial performance and the voters using the midterms for balancing of power."Patronage and Elections in U.S. States" examines if control over patronage jobs increased a political party's probability of winning elections in US States. A patronage system is a practice where a political party, after winning an election, reward their supporters by giving them government jobs. The essay provides evidence that patronage does -- or, rather, did -- help U.S. parties in power to retain it. There is also evidence for an "entrenched" party in power for a longer time period can use patronage more effectively than a "weak" party that usually is out of power.
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45.
  • Gränsmark, Patrik, 1972- (författare)
  • Essays on economic behavior, gender and strategic learning
  • 2010
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This doctoral thesis consists of four papers. Strategic behavior across gender: A comparison of female and male expert chess players analyzes gender differences in risk behavior in chess. We use a panel data set with 1.4 million games. Most notably, the data contains an objective measure of individual playing skill. We find that women are more risk averse and that men choose riskier strategies when playing against female opponents even though this reduces their winning probability. Gender differences in time preference and inconsistency among expert chess players presents findings on gender differences in time preference and inconsistency in chess. Impatience is estimated by measuring preferences for game durations while inconsistency by exploiting the 40th move time control. The results reveal that men are more impatient while women are more time inconsistent. Moreover, the difference in impatience increases with expertise while the difference in inconsistency decreases. Beauty queens and battling knights: Risk taking and attractiveness in chess explores the relationship between attractiveness and risk taking in chess. We examine whether people use riskier strategies when playing with attractive opponents and whether this affects performance. Our results suggest that male, but not female, chess players choose significantly riskier strategies when playing against an attractive female opponent, although this does not improve their performance. Strategic Learning in Repeated Chess Games, examines if chess players in repeated games with the same opponent, learn about the opponent’s type and adapt future strategies accordingly. It also shows how matching background characteristics affect the choice of strategy. The findings show that chess players learn about the opponent’s type. Players with similar background characteristics coordinate better than players of different gender or nationality but this difference decreases as the players update their beliefs.
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46.
  • Grönqvist, Hans, 1978-, et al. (författare)
  • Alcohol Availability and Crime: Lessons from Liberalized Weekend Sales Restrictions
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In February 2000, the Swedish state monopoly alcohol retail company launched a largescale experiment in which all stores in selected counties were allowed to keep open onSaturdays. We assess the effects on crime of this expansion in access to alcohol. Toisolate the impact of the experiment from other factors, we compare conviction rates inage cohorts above and below the national drinking age restriction in counties where theexperiment had been implemented, and contrast these differences to those in countiesthat still prohibited weekend alcohol commerce. Our analysis relies on extensiveindividual conviction data that have been merged to population registers. Afterdemonstrating that Saturday opening of alcohol shops significantly raised alcohol sales,we show that it also increased crime. The increase is confined to crimes committed onSaturdays and is driven by illegal activity among individuals with low ability and amongpersons with fathers that have completed at least some secondary education. Althoughthe increases in crime and alcohol sales were slightly higher during the initial phase ofthe experiment, our evidence suggests that both effects persist over time. Our analysisreveals that the social costs linked to the experiment exceed the monetary benefits. 
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47.
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48.
  • Grönqvist, Hans, 1978- (författare)
  • Youth Unemployment and Crime: New Lessons Exploring Longitudinal Register Data
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper investigates the link between youth unemployment and crime using a unique combination of labor market and conviction data spanning the entire Swedish working-age population over an extended period. The empirical analysis reveals large and statistically significant effects of unemployment on several types of crime. The magnitude of the effect is similar across different subgroups of the population. In contrast to most previous studies, the results suggest that joblessness explain a meaningful portion of why male youths are overrepresented among criminal offenders. I discuss reasons for the discrepancy in the results and show that that the use of aggregated measures of labor market opportunities in past studies is likely to capture offsetting general equilibrium effects. Contrary to predictions by economic theory the effect of unemployment on crime is not mediated by income. Instead, an analysis of crimes committed during weekdays versus weekends provides suggestive evidence that unemployment increases the time that individuals have to engage in crime.
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49.
  • Hinnerich, Björn Tyrefors, 1977-, et al. (författare)
  • Democracy, Redistribution, and Political Participation: Evidence from Sweden 1919-1950
  • 2010
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In this paper we empirically analyze how different forms of democracy affect redistributive spending programs, the size of government and political participation. Specifically, we compare a representative democracy with direct democracy, i.e., town-meeting, using a very large data set on Swedish local government for the period 1919-1950. Due to the Swedish Local Government Act, we can implement two different design-based strategies: a regression-discontinuity design and a nonparametric instrumental variables approach. Our results indicate that going from a direct democracy to a representative system dramatically increases political participation, redistributive spending, and the size of government. The estimated effects on public spending to the poor (poverty relief, child welfare and basic public education) are on the order of 35-70 percent while the effect on political participation is between 150-200 percent. We argue that these results most likely reflect that direct democracy is more prone to capture by (rich) local elites than representative democracy. We present further evidence that supports the theoretical framework developed by Acemoglu and Robinson (2006, 2008) based on the persistence of de facto political power.
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50.
  • Josephson, Jens, 1971-, et al. (författare)
  • Costly Interviews
  • 2010
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Interviewing in professional labor markets is a costly process for .rms. Moreover, poor screening can have a persistent negative impact on .rms.bottom lines and candidates. careers. In a simple dynamic model where .rms can pay a cost to interview applicants who have pri- vate information about their own ability, potentially large ine¢ ciencies arise from information-based unemployment, where able workers are rejected by .rms because of their lack of o¤ers in previous interviews. This e¤ect may make the market less e¢ cient than random matching. We show that e¢ ciency can be achieved using either a mechanism with transfers or one without transfers.
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