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- Larsson, Gerry, et al.
(author)
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Appraisal and coping processes immediately before ejection : A study of Australian and Swedish pilots
- 1990
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In: Military Psychology. - : Routledge. - 0899-5605 .- 1532-7876. ; 2, s. 63-78
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study focuses on appraisal and coping processes among military pilots during ejection episodes. A total of 49 ejection episodes were reported by 24 pilots from the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) and 24 pilots from the Swedish Air Force (SAF). Two clusters of coping strategies were identified- instrumental self-management and emotional self-management-and both forms of coping were clearly related to effective problem solving. The emotional self-management strategies suggest an effective block of disturbing thoughts and emotions. Good performance was associated with challenge appraisals and considerable use of instrumental self-management. Poor performance was associated with appraising the episodes as irrelevant or threatening. Ejections caused by technical malfunctions were handled more effectively psychologically than were ejections caused by human errors. Only minor differences were found between the Australian and Swedish samples.
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- Larsson, Gerry, et al.
(author)
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Patient-nurse interactions : relationships between person characteristics, empathy, content of communication, and patients' emotional reactions
- 1990
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 4:3, s. 129-135
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Relationships between antecedent person variables (sex and age), empathic understanding, content of communication, and patients' emotional reactions were studied in 3200 patient-assistant nurse dyadic interactions. The sample consisted of 32 psychiatric patients (20 males and 12 females, mean age: 61 years) and eight female assistant nurses at a nursing-home in Sweden. Four assistant nurses were younger (25 years old or less) and four were older (45 years old or more). All interactions were regular morning meetings at which the patient's activity plans for the day were discussed. These meetings were held in each patient's private room, and lasted for about 15 min. High empathic understanding on part of the helper covaried with more communication of "everyday character" and communication dealing with "personal and emotional qualities", with less communication dealing with "facts and practical issues", and with a more cheerful emotional state among the patients during the encounters. Male patients were more cheerful during encounters with younger assistant nurses while female patients were more cheerful when interacting with older assistant nurses. Helpers with higher scores on empathic understanding seemed to have a higher awareness of relational history.
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- Larsson, Gerry, et al.
(author)
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Routinization of stress control programs in organizations : A study of Swedish teachers
- 1990
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In: Health Promotion International. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0957-4824 .- 1460-2245. ; 5:4, s. 269-278
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to design and evaluate a stress control programme which can be carried out by employees in work organizations without direct assistance from specialists. The target group was Swedish high school teachers. Using a two-step model, so called health teams at six high schools were trained by a specialist. A health team is usually comprised of three to five voluntarily recruited persons, generally a school nurse and a few teachers. After this training, the health teams arranged voluntary circles with their colleagues at their respective schools. A treatment group of teachers (n = 56) followed the programme. Programme participants learned relaxation, discussed various aspects of stress, and were equipped with target group adapted training materials. The circles met five to eight times at 2–3 week intervals, 1–3 h per session; all sessions were held during the subjects' spare time. Compared with a control group of teachers (n = 33), the programme participants reported significantly different mean responses in the following respects at a post-training assessment: (i) fewer perceived stressors in the work situation; (ii) more use of emotion-focused coping strategies such as distancing, positive reappraisal, seeking social-emotional support, and self-control, (iii) improved health behaviour (drinking, exercise, nutrition, relaxation and smoking); (iv) fewer physical and emotional stress reactions; (v) a more cheerful overall mood state and a higher sense of well-being and work satisfaction; (vi) less work-related ill health; (vii) a lower intensity of reaction in response to daily hassles; and (viii) an increase in actions taken against stressors-individually and collectively-at work and in the private situation. It was suggested that routinization of stress control programmes in work organizations requires the following: the presence of goal-oriented and entrepreneurial intraorganizational change agents to lead the programmes, the presence of a specialist to train and supervise the local change agents, the availability of comprehensive and target group adapted (raining aids, and formal implementation of the programme in the organizational structure.
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| 7. |
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Militärhistorisk Tidskrift 1990
- 1990
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Gunnar Åselius, Militärattachéerna i S:t Petersburg, En undersökning av det svenska underrättelseväsendets professionalisering 1885-1917, Generalstabens roll, Ryska språkets ställning hos militären, Studieresor till Ryssland, Specialisering av personal, Intern kommunikation, Hakon Leche, Krigshoten mot Sverige under första världskriget, Krigsutbrott och neutralitetsförsäkringar, Krigshot, Spänningstillstånd, Aktivismen, Påtryckningar utifrån, Smärre orosmoln,Anders Brännström, Pansar och pansarvärn 1921-1942, Intryck från första världskriget, Före 1921, Lugnt efter första stormen, Kvalitet kontra kvantitet, Lugnet före andra stormen, Hotbild och försvarsdebatt, 1936 års försvarsbeslut, 1939-1942: uppvaknande,Mats Persson, Sjöfart och sjöförsvar under neutralitet, Samarbete och samverkanssvårigheter under andra världskriget, Sjölagar och konventioner 1918-1939, Kommissioner i Sverige, Örlogs- handels- fiskeflottan 1939, Sjökriget runt Sveriges kuster, Samverkan inom personalsektorn ledningsorganisationen materialsektorn, Samverkan till sjöss,Klaus-Richard Böhme, The problem of airspace violations in modern Swedish history, The situation until the end of the Second World War, Violations, Landings, After the war,Anders Berge, Urholkad frivillighet, Sveriges repatriering av sovjetryska f d krigsfångar 1944-1945, Tvångspolitiken, En okänd sida av Sveriges flyktingpolitik, Rysslägren, Repatrieringen, Ingermanländarna,Ingegerd Bauder, Irak mellan två krig, Den ekonomiska sektorn, Den politiska sektorn, Arvet efter kolonialismen
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| 8. |
- Starrin, B., et al.
(author)
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A review and critique of psychological approaches to the burn-out phenomenon
- 1990
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 4:2, s. 83-91
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the 70s the concept burn-out appeared in psychological literature on the helping professions. The concept has since then been ascribed several meanings, and critical voices have been raised against the lack of clarity and consensus in the definitions. The aim of this article was to critically examine the thinking on the concept of burn-out. The helping professionals--nurses, welfare officers, psychologists, medical doctors, etc.--have expanded rapidly since the 60s. It is stated that the issues on which burn-out researchers focus deserve the attention of social scientists in general. The major limitation in the literature on burn-out is that there is little analysis of the role of society and social conditions in producing the phenomenon. It is suggested that sociological analyses may have a contribution to make here.
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| 9. |
- Starrin, B., et al.
(author)
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Structural Changes, Ill Health, and Mortality in Sweden, 1963-1983 : A Macroaggregated Study
- 1990
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In: International Journal of Health Services. - 0020-7314 .- 1541-4469. ; 20:1, s. 27-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An exploratory time series analysis was performed on selected indicators of structural change, health behavior, and ill health in Sweden in the years 1963-1983. Both synchronic (nonlagged) and asynchronic (lagged) analyses were made. The synchronic analysis of variations in the suicide rate reveals two main contributory factors: level of employment and overtime work. For cardiovascular mortality in men, the synchronic and the two-year time lagged analyses reveal that the sale of alcohol and, to a certain extent, the length of the period of unemployment play a major role. In an analysis with a three-year time lag, only one significant factor for both men and women is revealed, namely the level of employment. In the synchronic analysis of cirrhosis mortality in men, the sale of alcohol plays a dominant role. The results of the synchronic analysis of the variations in sick leave show a similar pattern for both men and women. In both cases, the sale of alcohol is positively associated and the proportion of unemployed industrial workers negatively associated with sick leave. The results give rise to a number of questions. For example, how should these findings be interpreted and how should they be related to existing knowledge about the links between business cycles and changes in the health of the population? The answers to such questions are of importance both from a scientific viewpoint and with regard to health policy. We argue that the answers require further studies of the characteristics of the periods in the business cycle and of how these periods affect people's lives, living conditions, and behavioral patterns in general.
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