| 1. |
- Hartford, M, et al.
(författare)
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Components of delay time in suspected acute myocardinal infarction with particular emphasis on patient delay
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 228:5, s. 519-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two hundred and thirty-four patients admitted to a coronary care unit (CCU) were interviewed a few days after arrival in hospital to determine reasons for patient delay and the various components of total delay time from onset of symptoms to arrival in CCU. Of the three major components of delay, decision time (time from onset of symptoms to decision to go to hospital), and hospital procedure time (time from arrival in hospital to arrival in the CCU), were of the same magnitude, 1 h 15 min and 1 h 30 min (median), whereas the median time for preparation and transportation to hospital was somewhat shorter, being 45 min. Decision time appeared to be similar in patients with confirmed and non-confirmed acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and was not associated with intensity of pain or infarct size. Half of the patients hesitated to go to hospital, which resulted in a prolonged decision delay (3 h). It is concluded that patient indecision to seek medical help is the most important reason for delay in hospital arrival in patients with suspected AMI.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality and morbidity during one year of follow-up in suspected acute myocardial infarction in relation to early diagnosis : experiences from the MIAMI trial
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 228:2, s. 125-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From a large randomized multicentre trial of metoprolol in suspected acute myocardial infarction (n = 5778) we report on the outcome during 1 year of follow-up, in relation to early diagnosis. Patients who developed a confirmed infarction had a 1-year mortality rate of 12.8%. This was significantly higher than the mortality rate of 6.3% (P less than 0.001) in patients with possible infarction and it was also higher than that in patients with no infarction, which was 5.0% (P less than 0.001). A multivariate analysis showed that independent risk predictors in the clinical history of patients without confirmed infarction were a history of angina pectoris, chronic use of digitalis and advanced age. After 1 year, angina pectoris was most common in patients with an initial possible infarction. These patients were also in most urgent need of bypass surgery. We thus conclude that the mortality during 1 year of follow-up among patients with an initially strongly suspected acute myocardial infarction was clearly related to whether or not the patient developed a myocardial infarction.
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| 5. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Prognosis during one year for patients with myocardial infarction in relation to the development of Q-waves : experiences from the MIAMI Trial
- 1990
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Ingår i: Clinical Cardiology. - : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. - 0160-9289 .- 1932-8737. ; 13:4, s. 261-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From a randomized multicenter trial with metoprolol in suspected acute myocardial infarction (n = 5778) we report on the outcome during a one-year follow-up in patients with confirmed infarction (n = 4106) in relation to whether or not they developed Q waves. Patients with Q waves had another pattern of risk factors, including lower age and a lower occurrence of previous infarction, angina pectoris, and congestive heart failure. After one year follow-up, 14.3% of the patients with Q waves had died versus 9.0% of those without Q waves (p less than 0.001). Reinfarction during the first year occurred in 8.2% of patients with Q waves and 12.5% of patients without Q waves (p less than 0.001). After one year, other morbidity aspects appeared relatively independent of the original presence of Q waves. In conclusion, during the first year after development of acute myocardial infarction the appearance of Q waves during the first three days is associated with a higher mortality and a lower reinfarction rate, whereas other morbidity aspects appear to be relatively independent of its presence.
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| 6. |
- Herlitz, Johan
(författare)
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Very early trombolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction
- 1990
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Ingår i: American Journal of Cardiology. - : Excerpta Medica, Inc.. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 65:7, s. 401-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three hundred fifty-two patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were randomized to placebo (175) or tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) (177). Patients were eligible if evaluated within 165 minutes from onset of chest pain and if age was <75 years. Electrocardiographic criteria were not required. A mobile coronary care unit with a cardiologist present was used to initiate treatment at home in 29% of the patients. Primary endpoints were infarct size (serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme1 activity), left ventricular function (radioangiography) and exercise capacity at 30 days. AMI was diagnosed in 59% of all randomized patients. The incidence was similar in the 2 groups (placebo, 108, rt-PA, 101). Among all randomized patients, rt-PA was associated with significantly decreased infarct size and an increased ejection fraction. Among rt-PA-treated patients there were significantly fewer Q-wave infarctions. No difference in exercise capacity could be detected. No benefit was found in subgroups of patients without ST-segment elevation on the initial electrocardiogram. There were 18 (10.3%) and 11 (6.2%) deaths (p = 0.23) within 30 days in the placebo and rt-PA groups, respectively. Adverse reactions were similar in both groups with no excess of complications in the home-treated group. Very early treatment with rt-PA in patients with a strong suspicion of AMI and ST-segment elevation limits infarct size and improves left ventricular function. The infarct pattern is shifted from Q-wave to non-Q-wave infarcts by rt-PA. The study suggests that thrombolysis can be given before hospital admission without additional risk. Furthermore, etectrocardiographic records are useful for selection of patients.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, BW, et al.
(författare)
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Eligibility for intravenous thrombolysis in suspected acute myocardinal infarction
- 1990
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : SRDS. - 0569-6704. ; 82:4, s. 1140-1146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on the registration of all the 7,157 patients admitted during a 21-month period to the emergency ward of a single hospital in an urban area with chest pain or other symptoms suggestive of acute myocardial infarction, we studied eligibility for intravenous thrombolysis in suspected acute myocardial infarction. We have limited the present analysis to those 1,715 patients with a strong suspicion of myocardial infarction, and for these patients, we have calculated the percentages eligible for thrombolysis when various electrocardiographic and delay time criteria are applied, but we have not considered contraindications to thrombolysis. We have also calculated the proportions of all infarctions in this group that would thereby receive the treatment, and the proportions of patients treated that would develop a confirmed infarction. Using the criteria ST elevation on the initial electrocardiogram and arrival in hospital within 6 hours from onset of symptoms, 18% of patients would have been given early intravenous thrombolysis, 37% of confirmed infarctions would have been treated, and 91% of all treated patients would have developed a confirmed infarction; with a delay time criterion of 12 hours, these percentages would have been 209%, 41%, and 91%, respectively; with a criterion of 24 hours, they would have been 22%, 45%, and 90%, respectively. By not considering the initial electrocardiogram and applying only the criterion of delay time, these percentages would have been 70%, 72%, and 45%, respectively, for a delay time of 6 hours; 83%, 84%, and 45%, respectively, for a delay time of 12 hours; and 91%, 92%, and 44%, respectively, for a delay time of 24 hours. We have also calculated these percentages for two further electrocardiographic criteria, namely, electrocardiogram showing acute ischemia and any form of pathology. We conclude that the percentage of patients with a strong suspicion of myocardial infarction eligible for intravenous thrombolysis varies considerably depending on the electrocardiographic and delay time criteria used. If the delay time is limited to 6 hours and the electrocardiogram is required to show ST elevation, then 37% of patients developing myocardial infarction would receive thrombolytic treatment.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, BW, et al.
(författare)
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Prophylactic treatment after electroconversion of atrial fibrillation
- 1990
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Ingår i: Clinical Cardiology. - : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. - 0160-9289 .- 1932-8737. ; 13:4, s. 279-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia. Sinus rhythm can often be restored by electroconversion, but the relapse rate is high. Various antiarrhythmic drugs have been used to maintain sinus rhythm after electroconversion. This article reviews the experience with these drugs and suggests a treatment strategy.
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, BW, et al.
(författare)
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The prognosis of patients suspected of having acute myocardial infarction subsequent to its exclusion as the diagnosis
- 1990
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 26:3, s. 251-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review of the literature concerns the prognosis of patients suspected of having myocardial infarction subsequent to its exclusion as the diagnosis. Several investigations show a surprisingly bad prognosis for patients in this category, almost comparable to that of patients with a confirmed infarction. When the results of the different studies are pooled, however, there is a significant difference between those patients with true infarction, and those in whom infarction was excluded, in terms of overall mortality (12% and 7%; P < 0.0001) and the development of subsequent non-fatal infarction (11% and 6%; P < 0.05) when the results are analysed for a period of follow-up of one year. The difference was significant even when both fatal and non-fatal infarctions were taken into account over the one-year period of follow-up (13% and 8%; P < 0.0001). The analysis shows that electrocardiographic ST-T changes are a risk factor for coronary events, but the results are conflicting for other possible risk factors. The selection of patients varies between the different studies, which probably contributes to the different results reported. Prospective studies with well defined groups of patients large enough to permit analysis of subgroupings will be needed to resolve the outstanding questions.
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