| 51. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
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Medicinsk etik. En socialfilosofisk introduktion : Medical Ethics
- 1990
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This advanced textbook in medical ethics starts with a chapter on the nature of ethical discourse and ends with one on the relation between ethics and economy. In between, the main alternative normative-ethical systems are presented, and their possible application to important problems in medical ethics is discussed using a large number of concrete examples.
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| 52. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Medvetandet : Consciousness
- 1994
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Ingår i: Nationalencyklopedien. - Höganäs : Bra Böcker. - 917024619X ; , s. 208-9
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 53. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
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Medvetandet och kroppen. Psykiatriska och filosofiska perspektiv
- 2020
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Ingår i: Medvetandet – i filosofi och i psykiatrisk/psykologisk praxis. Stockholm,14 oktober 2020..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Presentationen börjar och slutar i temat drömmar. Däremellan behandlas hypnagoga hallucinationer, utomkroppsliga upplevelser, begreppen yttervärld och omvärld, kunskapen om kroppens inre, begreppet kroppsschema, samt kroppsschemats tidslighet.
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| 54. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
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Memory, emotion and brain injury. Some lessons from classical "organic" psychiatry
- 2008
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Ingår i: 12th International Conference on Cognitive and Neural Systems, Boston, MA, May 14-17, 2008.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Brain injuries and brain illnesses provide a very important empirical foundation for the construction of neural network models of brain functioning. If one wants to base such models on neuropsychological or neuropsychiatric data, it is of course essential that the clinical syndromes are described properly. A truly astonishing wealth of relevant observations has accumulated during the last decades. However, it can be argued that the basic understanding of these syndromes by the present generation of psychiatrists and neuropsychologists still suffers from the radical break with traditional European psychiatry which occurred when the new American diagnostic and classificatory system for psychiatry (DSM-III, DSM-IV) was launched and accepted as the new basis for psychiatric thinking. Especially when it comes to modelling brain systems of memory and emotion, the neural network research community should benefit from a review of some facts which were lost in that transition. The present paper is based on a comprehensive update of the classical European diagnostic systems that the author participated in some years ago.
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| 55. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(författare)
-
Modelling complex Hebbian reverberations with sets of spiking oscillators
- 2017
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Ingår i: The 21th annual meeting of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness, Beijing 13–16 June 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 1949, Donald Hebb suggested that sensory information can be held in the form of reverberating neural activity before being coded as synaptic modifications. The idea has won widespread acceptance, but one central question remains: by what mechanism can an incoming sensory sequence force the output of a neuronal assembly to enter a closed trajectory that mimics the sequence? We here offer a radically new answer. Our model assumes the existence of a large set of neural oscillators, having a wide spectrum of frequencies, that interact with the input through a resonant layer. In the learning phase the activity in the resonant layer mirrors input. At each moment, oscillators that are close to firing threshold are set either to be silent or to fire depending on the present input. This entrainment gives rise to a frequency-phase transform, coded as the current activity in the set of oscillators, of the input sequence. In the retrieval phase, the input signal is shut off from access to the resonant layer. This layer now mirrors the activity of the oscillators, or of a chosen subset of oscillators. If, in the simple discrete-time case, only oscillators with a period of N are allowed to influence the resonant layer, the input during the last N moments will be replayed in this layer during the following N moments. The choice of oscillator period may correspond to a conscious decision to recall the immediately past N moments. We show results from two simulations of the proposed mechanism.
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| 56. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Modern filosofi och kognition
- 2012
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Ingår i: Kognitionsvetenskap [J. Allwood och M. Jensen (red)]. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144051666 ; , s. 103-119
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I detta kapitel tar vi först upp några huvudteman i 1800-talets filosofiska psykologi, särskilt sådana som använder sig av begreppet association. Uppkomsten av den experimentella psykologin beskrivs kort. Sedan diskuteras olika teorier om intentionalitet, det vill säga medvetandets riktadhet mot objekt. Resten av kapitlet ägnas åt filosofiska problem i samband med varseblivning. Framförallt diskuteras frågan huruvida varseblivningen är direkt eller indirekt.
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| 57. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
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Moore’s bevis för yttervärldens existens : Moore's proof of an external world
- 2001
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Ingår i: Filosofidagarna, Stockholms Universitet, 14–17 juni 2001.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Efter att ha klargjort i vilken mening Moore’s bevis för yttervärldens existens faktiskt är ett bevis, koncentrerar jag diskussionen på i vilken mening den sålunda bevisade yttervärlden är en yttervärld. En sådan diskussion – i anknytning till Kant - upptar ju också större delen av Moore’s föreläsning. Frågan är givetvis nära relaterad till problemet i vilken mening medvetandet är något inre, och har annan en släkting i undran “Varför uppfattar vi yttervärlden i termer av metaforen ‘yttre’”? Hur skulle det till exempel vara om vi var upplysta (!) halvgenomskinliga kroppar (typ maneter) i en ogenomskådbar omgivning, och våra ögon vore riktade inåt? Skulle vi fortfarande uppfatta den materiella världen som något yttre? Och skulle de kunskapsteoretiska problemen förändra karaktär?
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| 58. |
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| 59. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
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Moving towards the Other. The relevance of Hermann Rorschach’s method for the philosophy of perception
- 1998
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Ingår i: Toward a Science of Consciousness. Tucson, AZ, April 27-May 2, 1998.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent careful research on mental development in the child (Meltzoff & Moore 1995) has shown beyond much doubt that the capacity to perceive and imitate the actions of others is innate. It has been suggested that this capacity to imitate involves an “amodal” perception in which visual information about another organism is immediately transformed into a motor schema in the perceiving subject. Hence one might talk about a mechanism of immediate motor identification. In this paper I point to a number of antecedents of this idea and to some of its psychological and philosophical implications. One important early application of the idea of an immediate motor identification is found in the works of Hermann Rorschach (Rorschach 1921), who describes a category of inkblot interpretations based on “kinesthetic imagery”. These interpretations are variously labelled “kinesthetic responses” or “movement responses” (although they need not involve movement). Abstracting from the associationist psychology in terms of which Rorschach uses to express his ideas, it is clear that he was conceiving these responses in terms of an immediate motor identification. Among philosophers, Maurice Merleau-Ponty (Merleau-Ponty 1945) also makes the observation that imitation involves a capacity for immediate motor identification. Indeed, his concept of body image is defined in terms of the capacity to translate motor schemata between different possible action perspectives. This capacity corresponds to the “amodal” perception postulated by recent theorists. It is well known that Merleau-Ponty stresses the point that our mastering of action schemata is primary to our knowledge of objective (“Cartesian”) space. Taken together, his arguments imply that our knowledge of other minds may be prior to our knowledge of objective space (cf. Malmgren 1976). In the developmental psychology of Heinz Werner (Werner 1961), it is emphasised that human beings – and especially children – tend to perceive not only living beings, but also inanimate objects, in terms of motor identifications. Trees are seen as literally standing or bending, etc. According to Werner (and the so-called “percept-genetic school” which builds upon his works) this tendency towards a generalised “physiognomic” perception remains operative at a subconscious level even in mature perception. Klaus Conrad describes (Conrad 1961) how such latent physiognomic perception surfaces abundantly in the prodromal stage of confusion (“clouded consciousness”). It is clear that the concept of immediate motor identification has important bearings for any systematic theory of perception. From an ecological point of view, such a mechanism would serve an important function in terms of the ability to quickly predict future positions of an aggressor, a prey or a potential mate (J.J. Gibson 1979). Looking instead at computational models of perception, many of these hypothesise a mechanism for immediate translations between an egocentric and an object-centered space (Kosslyn 1994). The findings about immediate motor identifications implies that there is also a general ability to make translations between these spaces and an other-centered – allocentric – space (or several such spaces), which like the egocentric one is perceptually prior to the apprehension of object-centered space.
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| 60. |
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