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| 36. |
- Picado, Apolinar, et al.
(författare)
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Análisis Bibliométrico de las Publicaciones Científicas de Nicaragua en el Science Citation Index Expanded : Trienio 2007-2009
- 2010
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Ingår i: COMCAPLA 2010. - Mexico City, Mexico : National Polytechnic Institute (IPN). ; , s. AMD-101
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- En el presente estudio se analizó la producción científica de Nicaragua en el Science Citation Index Expanded durante el período 2007-2009. Se recopiló un total de 216 publicaciones distribuidas en 150 revistas. Su análisis global mostró una actividad creciente que alcanzó alrededor del 47 %. La distribución de campos temáticos mostró un aporte mayoritario en la medicina (30 %), seguido por las ciencias agrícolas y biológicas (16 %) y la ciencia ambiental (12 %). La UNAN-León constituyó la institución Nicaragüense más productiva, con un aporte del 25 % al total de publicaciones. El 95 % de las publicaciones se realizaron en colaboración con investigadores provenientes de 62 países.
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| 37. |
- Uggla, Fredrik, 1970-
(författare)
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From Runners-Up to Winners : Explaining the Electoral Victories of the Left in Brazil, Uruguay, Bolivia, Nicaragua, and Peru
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This essay presents a comparison “repeat candidacies”, i.e., failed presidential contenders who return to win subsequent elections in five Latin American countries. By comparing their failed electoral bids with successful ones, I attempt to gauge the relative influence of factors that are external to the candidates in question and the ones over which they have control, such as policy proposals and alliances.The analysis indicates the importance of factors that are political in nature for success. Whereas social and economic variables appear to have scant explanatory value, an aspect such as the composition of the opposition seems much more influential. In particular, moderation in proposals and presentation appears as an important factor distinguishing successful campaigns from failed ones. In order to show the effects of such moderation, I calculate what I call “proportionality scores” that show how broadly a candidate appeals across the political spectrum. The fact that successful candidates have managed to simultaneously appeal to different ideological, ethnic and socio-economic groups gives a somewhat different perspective on Latin America’s supposed “left turn”, and indicates the need to pay more attention to political agency in explanations for political developments on the continent.
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| 38. |
- Berg, Linda, 1974-
(författare)
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"25 dollar rebel": Identity politics, Legislation and Class in stories from Lesbian Activists in Nicaragua
- 2010
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Ingår i: Dissident Citizenship: Queer Postcolonial Belonging.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One interviewee says she has always been a marimacha, another view herself as a lesbian identified with gay men and a third talk about the importance of being a woman and not a cochóna. At manifestations they all have t-shirts with a person screaming “Soy Rebelde, Soy lesbiana, Soy mujer, Soy Ciudadana!!!” and “Exijo mis Derechos!”. The common political symbols and rhetoric are a huge part of the campaigns for sexual diversity, towards being able to exist as a sexual minority and a Nicaraguan citizen. To get finance for the work towards “sexual freedom”, identity politics is absolutely necessary. Fighting for acknowledge GLBT rights (in the ‘west’), are legitimate reasons for funding through international non-governmental organizations. Through this perspective identity politics, rather than queer theory, seem to be part of a colonial heritage. Hence categories such as lesbian, gay and trans- are presented as liberating space in the work for “a sexuality free from prejudice” and I find it interesting to ask how, why and when the identity-labels are being used.One important goal for the lesbian activists in Nicaragua is still visibility – to be recognized and accepted as lesbian women. In 1992 a law against same-sex, Article 204, was initiated and upheld by the Nicaraguan Supreme Court in 1994. The main target of article 204 was not women; but the initiative was part of an increased security for (heterosexual) women. Fortunately the article was abolished 2008, when a new Penal Code was drafted. Hence as in so many places and for such a long time the sexuality of women has been ignored in the legislation. On top of this, lesbian women generally have a hard time getting an independent life in Nicaragua. Women in the popular classes are often expected to take care of a common household and are economically dependent on male relatives. In the following paper I will discuss strategies to survive as a lesbian and lesbianism as part of survival as a queer citizen in Nicaragua.
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