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- Holm, Einar, et al.
(författare)
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Post- och teleutvecklingens drivkrafter och konsekvenser : En forskningsöversikt
- 1991
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande rapport behandlar forskning om post- och teleutvecklingens drivkrafter och konsekvenser - geografiskt, ekonomiskt och socialt.Rapporten inleds med en allmän beskrivning av post- och telesektorerna idag, betydelsen av dem och en kotfattad översikt av olika efterfrågestudier. Därefter presenteras några förslag till prioritering av fortsatt forskning där forskningsförslagen delas in i 8 områden; (1) drivkrafter för teknisk utveckling, (2) drivkrafter för ekonomisk utveckling, (3) drivkrafter för efterfrågans utveckling, (4) drivkrafter för reglering och avreglering, (5) konsekvenser för individer och hushåll, (6) konsekvenser för företag och organisationer, (7) konsekvenser för regioner och länder, och (8) samspel med simuleringsmodell.Rapporten avslutas med en kommenterad bibliografi över aktuell forskning och utredning inom området, sorterad i bokstavsordning efter författare och efter ämne.
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- Svahn, Margareta, 1957-
(författare)
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Finnskägg, tåtel och sia : Om folkliga namn på gräs
- 1991
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- By collecting and analysing plant names linguistically, a knowledge of popular botany and its relationshipto scientific botany can be obtained.This study has two primary aims: to describe the popular botanical view of the part of thevegetal world represented by grasses and to illustrate the dialectal use of plant names.The material consists of dialectal names for grasses and has been taken chiefly from variousarchives. The area investigated is primarily Sweden, but other parts of Fenno-Scandinavia, chieflyNorway and parts of Finland where Swedish is spoken, have also been included. The plant namesanalysed are either equivalents or synonyms: they have the same meaning but different geographicalareas of distribution or the same meaning and the same geographical areas of distribution.Three popular "species", each of which represents three different correspondences betweenpopular and scientific botany are described."Grass with a panicle" illustrates underdifferentiation. A number of grasses are collectivelygiven the same name. The grasses are primarily characterised by their similarity in appearance,but they are also used in the same way, as fodder grasses. "Grass with a panicle" has five namesin Swedish dialects: ven, tåtel, bunk, jägarn and tannar."Vegetative tillers" exemplifies overdifferentiation. The tillers are only one part of the plant,which means that the popular classification is more differentiated than the scientific one. Thereare probably several reasons for this differentiation: The vegetative tillers are the first to appearin spring, before the culms with panicles. The tillers are grazed, not cut like the flowering stems.The names found in Swedish dialects are rysk, tov and sia."Mat-grass" represents one-to-one correspondence. The "species" is on the whole identicalwith the scientific species mat-grass. The reason for this identity is the characteristic appearanceof the plant and its hardness. It is difficult to cut. In Swedish dialects mat-grass has five nameswhich are widely spread: stagg, finnskägg, hära, sägg and fnugg. But it also has a great numberof names with a very limited distribution. Because of the special efforts required at harvesttime—mat-grass often bent to the scythe only to rise again soon afterwards—this grass could stirup emotions and hence it has been subject to affective word-formation.The material points to the conclusion that external characteristics of plants may be decisive fortheir classification in popular botany. It is important to note, however, that the use made of aplant is also important in the popular division of "species".
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- Vikström, Eva
(författare)
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Platsen, bruket och samhället : tätortsbildning och arkitektur 1860-1970
- 1991
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingen behandlar bebyggelse och stadsbild i 1800- och 1900-talens nya samhällen i nationellt, regionalt och lokalt perspektiv. Tonvikten ligger då på en kronologisk analys av 'samhället', på ett studium av stadsbildens förändringar 1860-1970. Geografiskt fokuseras Västerbottens län.
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- Wanders, A., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence that LS-2616 (linomide) causes acute rejection of rat allografts protected by cyclosporine but not of long-term surviving allografts
- 1991
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337 .- 1534-6080. ; 52:2, s. 234-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The immunomodulator LS-2616 (Linomide) induces rejection of cyclosporine-protected rat cardiac allografts. The aim of this study was to characterize this rejection in the presence of CsA and to test LS-2616 in other models of permanent graft acceptance in the rat. PVG rat hearts were transplanted heterotopically to Wistar/Kyoto (Wi/Ky) rat recipients on day 0. The recipients were treated orally on days 0-9 with CsA (10-40 mg/kg) and/or with LS-2616 (2.5-160 mg/kg) starting at different times (day -7 -+5) until the day of complete rejection. The addition of LS-2616 (day -1--stop) to CsA (10 mg/kg) resulted in a dose-dependent antagonism of the immunosuppressive effect of CsA with daily doses of 2.5-160 mg/kg. Furthermore, the results were similar, irrespective of whether LS-2616 treatment (160 mg/kg) was started on day -7, -1, +1, +3, or +5. LS-2616 (160 mg/kg) pretreatment of the recipient for 7 days before transplantation was considerably less effective. CsA (20 mg/kg) for 14 days after a PVG to DA transplantation resulted in permanent graft survival. This was not abrogated by LS-2616. Neither was rejection induced in long-term surviving grafts of RT1.C incompatible Lewis recipients. Our data suggest that LS-2616 activates already stimulated and sensitized T cells that are otherwise controlled by CsA.
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- Wikner, Johan, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Annual Study of Bacterioplankton Community Dynamics.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 36:7, s. 1313-1324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial growth, abundance, and grazing were measured simultaneously during a full seasonal cycle in a temperate brackish water estuary, covering diel and seasonal variability. Growth of bacteria was balanced by bacterivory on an annual basis, and observed net change in bacterial numbers matched the net change calculated by a simple Lotka-Volterra equation lacking immigration or emigration terms. Bacterial growth was dependent on water temperature below 6-degrees-C, but other factors dominated at higher temperatures. The community clearance rate of the bacterivores was stringently regulated at 0.6 d-1, showing a linear functional response within the range of natural bacterial abundances recorded. Furthermore, bacterivores showed a threshold at 7 x 10(5) bacteria ml-1 when grazing ceased, suggesting that pelagic bacteria have a numerical refuge promoting coexistence with bacterivores in aquatic environments. The observed lack of timing between bacterial growth and grazing in spring allowed accumulation of bacterial cells, but grazing exceeded growth in winter. We inferred that the specific growth rate of the bacterial community and the community clearance rate of bacterivores together determined change in and abundance of bacterioplankton in the waters examined.
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- Petit, Patrice X., et al.
(författare)
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Properties of submitochondrial particles from plant mitochondria : generation, surface characteristics and NAD(P)H oxidation
- 1991
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 78:2, s. 177-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purified mitochondria isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bintje) tuber, Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosu L.) tuber and rat liver were disrupted at different pH and different EDTA and MgCl2 concentrations either by French Press treatment or by sonication. The submitochondrial particles (SMP) were isolated by differential centrifugation and polarity estimated by the latency of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity. The SMP were 5-9% inside-out depending on the conditions, and the disruption method was more important than the composition of the disruption medium in determining the polarity. At pH 6 and 7 and high-salt conditions sonication yielded SMP of the same polarity (82-91% inside-out) whereas French Press treatment in a low-salt buffer + EDTA gave more inside-out SMP at pH 6 than at pH 7. The inside out vesicles were able to build up a membrane potential in the presence of respiratory substrates (as tested with the anionic dye, oxonol VI) whereas no membrane potantial could be detected with the right-side-out vesicles (as tested with cationic dyes, and optical dye, safranine O, and a fluorescent dye, rhodamine 123) under similar conditions. Binding of Concanavalin A indicated that both the inner and outer surface of the inner membrane have exposed glycoproteins and/or glycolipids. Both right-side-out and inside-out SMP oxidized NADH, NADPH and succinate with good rates but there were clear differences in both donor and acceptor specificity between the outer and inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH oxidation by inside-out SMP was Ca2+-independent and rotenone-inhibited whereas NADPH oxidation by the inside-out SMP was Ca2+-dependent and relatively unaffected by rotenone.
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