| 61. |
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| 62. |
- Kadi, F., et al.
(författare)
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The effects of different training programs on the trapezius muscle of women with work-related neck and shoulder myalgia
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica. - Berlin : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0001-6322 .- 1432-0533. ; 100:3, s. 253-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the effects of training on the structural characteristics of the trapezius muscle in women with work-related trapezius myalgia. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after 10 weeks of three different training programs (strength, endurance and coordination). Enzyme-immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess muscle fibre types, fibre area, capillary supply and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity. There was an increase in the proportion of type LIA fibres in strength trained group (P < 0.05). Strength training elicited a preferential increase in the area of type II fibres (P < 0.05); both strength and endurance programs induced an increase in the number of capillaries around type I and IIA muscle fibres. Finally, all training programs induced a decrease in the proportion of COX-negative fibres. In conclusion, the trapezius muscle of women with neck and shoulder myalgia is characterised by a great potential of adaptation to physical exercise over a period of 10 weeks. The significant changes in the number of capillaries and the specific changes induced by training at the level of muscle fibres might well explain the improvement of muscle function.
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| 63. |
- Kadi, Fawzi, et al.
(författare)
-
The expression of androgen receptors in human neck and limb muscles : effects of training and self-administration of androgenic-anabolic steroids
- 2000
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Ingår i: Histochemistry and Cell Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0948-6143 .- 1432-119X. ; 113:1, s. 25-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of androgen receptors (AR) in human vastus lateralis and trapezius muscles and to determine whether long-term strength training and self-administration of androgenic-anabolic steroids are accompanied by changes in AR content. Biopsy samples were taken from eight high-level power-lifters (P), nine high-level power-lifters who used anabolic steroids (PAS) and six untrained subjects (U). Myonuclei and AR were visualised in cross-sections stained with the monoclonal antibody against AR and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. The proportion of AR-containing myonuclei per fibre cross-section was higher in the trapezius than in the vastus lateralis (P<0.05). In the trapezius, the proportion of AR-containing myonuclei was higher in P compared to U and in PAS compared to both P and U (P<0. 05). On the contrary, in the vastus lateralis, there were no differences in AR content between the three groups. Myonuclear number in both muscles was higher in P compared to U and in PAS compared to both P and U (P<0.05). In conclusion, AR content differs greatly between human neck and limb muscles. Moreover, the regulation of AR-containing myonuclei following training and self-administration of androgenic-anabolic steroids is muscle dependent.
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
- Karlsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Time-Frequency Analysis of Myoelectric Signals During Dynamic Contractions: A Comparative Study
- 2000
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9294 .- 1558-2531. ; 47:2, s. 228-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we introduce the nonstationary signal analysis methods to analyze the myoelectric (ME) signals during dynamic contractions by estimating the time-dependent spectral moments. The time-frequency analysis methods including the short-time Fourier transform, the Wigner–Ville distribution, the Choi–Williams distribution, and the continuous wavelet transform were compared for estimation accuracy and precision on synthesized and real ME signals. It is found that the estimates providedby the continuous wavelet transform have better accuracy and precision than those obtained with the other time-frequency analysis methods on simulated data sets. In addition, ME signals from four subjects during three different tests (maximum static voluntary contraction, ramp contraction, and repeated isokinetic contractions) were also examined.
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| 66. |
- Nilsson, Peter
(författare)
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Schopenhauer och medlidandet
- 2000
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Ingår i: Filosofisk Tidskrift. - Stockholm. - 0348-7482. ; :3, s. 33-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
- Persson, Mats, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a computer-based decision support system for treatment of hypertension with drugs : retrospective, nonintervention testing of cost and guideline adherence
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 247:1, s. 87-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To evaluate a computerized decision support system (DSS) for drug treatment of hypertension, regarding quality, safety, and cost compared to actual antihypertensive drug treatment.Design. The medical profiles of 338 hypertensive patients treated with drugs against hypertension were processed by the DSS. The drug treatment proposed by the system was then compared to actual treatment given by their physician.Setting. Four health centres in the county of Västerbotten, in Sweden.Subjects. A list of hypertensive patients was extracted from the computerized medical records of each health centre and every fifth patient’s medical profile was assessed by the system.Interventions. None.Main outcome measures. Drug used, drug used in relation to certain major diseases such as diabetes mellitus, asthma, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and previous myocardial infarction. Adherence to hypertension guidelines, safety, and cost.Results. The DSS suggested significantly more thiazides and significantly fewer calcium antagonists than the physicians had prescribed, with a total cost reduction of 33–40%, depending on doses chosen. The DSS drug profile was more adherent to guidelines in patients with major complicating diseases, suggesting an improvement in treatment quality for these patients by the DSS.Conclusion. The DSS which fully implements current guidelines may improve the quality of antihypertensive treatment, concurrently leading to a considerable reduction in drug costs.
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| 69. |
- Ryan, EJ, et al.
(författare)
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Booster immunization of children with an acellular pertussis vaccine enhances Th2 cytokine production and serum IgE responses against pertussis toxin but not against common allergens
- 2000
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 121:2, s. 193-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acellular pertussis vaccines (Pa) protect against severe pertussis in children. However, serum antibody responses decline quickly after immunization. Studies in animal models suggest that cell-mediated immunity also contributes to protection against Bordetella pertussis, and it has already been demonstrated that Pa induce T cells that secrete type-1 and type-2 cytokines in children. In this study we examined the persistence of the T cell response and the effect of booster immunization in 4-6-year-old children. Cell-mediated immunity to B. pertussis antigens was detected in a high proportion of children more than 42 months after their last immunization. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the majority of children secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-?) and a smaller proportion IL-5, in response to specific antigen stimulation in vitro. However, following booster immunization, significantly higher concentrations of IL-5, but not IFN-?, were produced by PBMC in response to B. pertussis antigens. Furthermore, plasma IL-4 and IL-5 concentrations were increased, whereas IFN-? concentrations were reduced following booster immunization. It has been suggested that childhood immunization with Th2-inducing vaccines may predispose some children to atopic disease. Although we found that pertussis toxin (PT)-specific IgE was significantly increased after booster immunization in both atopic and non-atopic children, the levels of IgE to common allergens and the prevalence of positive skin prick test were unaffected by the booster vaccination. Thus, despite the enhancement of type-2 responses to B. pertussis antigens, booster vaccination with Pa does not appear to be a risk factor for allergy.
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| 70. |
- Samuelsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of urinary incontinence in a population of young and middle-aged women
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 79:3, s. 208-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Urinary incontinence and genital prolapse are prevalent conditions in the female population. The aim of this study was to study possible determinants of female urinary incontinence in a population-based sample of young and middle-aged women. Methods. Of 641 eligible women aged 20-59 years in a primary health care district, 487 (76%) responded to a questionnaire and accepted an invitation to a gynecological examination. The examination included digital assessment of the pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS). Genital prolapse presence (cystocele, rectocele, uterine prolapse or absence of the urethrovesical crease) was graded in relation to the vaginal introitus. Results. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 28%, 3.5% having daily leakage. Stress urinary incontinence was the dominant type. The odds ratio (OR) of having incontinence increased From 1 to 3.5 with increasing age and From 1 to 2.7 with increasing parity. The OR also increased with decreasing PFMS; from 1 in the group with the best PI;MS to 3.4 in the group unable to contract their pelvic musculature. In addition. women with cystocele and/or absence of the urethrovesical crease had a 2.5-fold increased OR of incontinence (95% CI 1.5-4.2), smoking increased the OR 1.9 times (95% CI 1.1-3.2) and estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) increased the OR 2.9 times (95% CI 1.4-5.9). There were no significant correlations with the presence of chronic disease, episiotomy or the birth weights of children but small non-significant correlations with performed hysterectomy and the woman's weight. Conclusions. Urinary incontinence is a frequent symptom in the female general population and related to age, pelvic floor muscle strength, genital prolapse, smoking, parity and estrogen replacement therapy.
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