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Sökning: WFRF:(Lindbeck Assar)

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61.
  • Lindbeck, Assar, et al. (författare)
  • Raising Children to Work Hard : Altruism, Work Norms and Social Insurance
  • 2001
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Children who can count on support from altruistic parents may not try hard to succeed in the labor market. Moreover, parental altruism makes withdrawal of such support non-credible. To promote work effort, parents may want to instill norms which later cause their children to experience guilt or shame associated with failure to support themselves. While social insurance pools risk across families, we show that it also creates a free-rider problem among parents in terms of norm formation. We also examine the formation of norms requiring children to support their parents financially in old age.
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62.
  • Lindbeck, Assar (författare)
  • Redistribution Policy and the Expansion of the Public Sector : The Political Economy of the Welfare State
  • 1984
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • During the first part of this century life-cycle and insurance-type considerations seem to have dominated redistribution policy, in particular when we look at the consequences for the expansion of public spending. By contrast, during recent decades, "fragmented horizontal redistributions" between various minority groups have probably been the most important mechanism. The self-interest of different groups of the electorate seems to have provided the most powerful motive behind these various policies, though welfare altruism and what in this paper is called considerations of "consequential externalities" have probably been important motives behind redistribution in favor of the poor.
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63.
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64.
  • Lindbeck, Assar (författare)
  • Remaining Puzzles and Neglected Issues in Macroeconomics
  • 1988
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper analyses the "chain" of transmission mechanisms of economic policy actions to financial markets, output and employment and, finally, unemployment -- in an attempt to identify "remaining puzzles" and "neglected issues" in macroeconomics. The paper emphasizes the consequences of fiscal and monetary policy actions on real variables, including real interest rates and real exchange rates. An attempt is made to explain why product demand shocks often tend to have faster effects on output and employment than on prices. The paper also discusses why demand-induced increases in output and employment are not systematically connected with a "reduction" in the product wage rate. The paper ends with a discussion of various supply-side considerations in macroeconomics.
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65.
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66.
  • Lindbeck, Assar, et al. (författare)
  • Reorganization of Firms and Labor Market Inequality
  • 1996
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Much of the history of economic enterprise has involved reaping the benefits from specialization of labor by dividing increasingly fragemented tasks among different employees - as vividly described already by Adam Smith in his Wealth of Nations. This development was greatly facilitated through the rise of "Tayloristic organizations," where standardized inputs are processed to yield standardized outputs, and where different functional tasks (e.g. administration, production, marketing, design) are performed in different departments, coordinated through a hierarchy of managers. These organizations - common in both the manufacturing and service sectors - testified to the importance of specialization of work, in production as well as organization.   This pervasive organizational structure is now in retreat. Charlie Chaplin at the conveyor belt, in the movie Modern Times, is no longer the prototype worker. With hindsight, the wave of change began well over a decade ago; it has accelerated in recent years, and may be expected to gather even more pace over the next decade. The organization of many firms in both the manufacturing and service sectors is being progressively restructured. This process calls into question the need for extreme specialization by skill-specific occupation, creates demands for new combinations of skills, and thereby leads to new patterns of wage inequality.   The restructuring process is characterized by a number of complementary features. First, the organizational structure of firms is becoming flatter: the new structure is built around teams that report to the central management, with few if any intermediaries. Second, production processes are being transformed: the application of computer technology, flexible tools, and programmable, multi-task equipment reduces returns to scale and permits greater production flexibility. Third, the flow of information within firms has been revolutionized: the introduction of computerized data systems permits more individualilzed treatment of employess and customers, facilitates the decentralization of decision making, and enables employees to perform multiple tasks and exploit complementarities among them. Fourth, firms offer broader product lines in smaller quantities, responding more readily to customers' requirements: customer participation in product design is growing and there is greater emphasis on product quality and ancillary services. And fifth, the nature of work is changing: occupational boundaries are breaking down as workers engage in multi-tasking and work rotation. These various aspects distinguish the traditional, Tayloristic organizations from what we shall call "holistic" organizations.   Recent technological advances and improvements in physical and human capital have undoubtedly played a central role in driving the process whereby Tayloristic organizations restructure into holistic ones. The increasing use of computers to transmit information within firms and the rising versatility and programmability of equipment have increased the complementarities across tasks (e.g. production, marketing, customer service, product design) that a given employee can exploit. Furthermore, the growing amounts of all-round knowledge that has been disseminated through the education systems over the past few decades has made young people increasingly capable of performing multiple tasks. This accumulation of human capital has also changed people's preferences away from the monotonous, single-purpose Tayloristic jobs to the frequently more varied and stimulating holistic ones.   In what follows, we examine the consequences of these developments for the reorganization of work, the move towards multi-tasking and the consequent break-down of occupational barriers, the transformation of job opportunities, and the implications for inequality in the labor market.
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67.
  • Lindbeck, Assar, et al. (författare)
  • Restructuring Production and Work
  • 1995
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The paper analyzes the contemporary organizational restructuring of production and work and derives some salient implications for the labor market. The analysis focuses on the switch from occupational specialization at "Tayloristic" organizations to multi-tasking at "holistic" organizations. The restructuring process is shown to create demands for new combinations of skills and thereby "resegment" the labor market, raising the wages and job opportunities of some workers relative to others.
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68.
  • Lindbeck, Assar, et al. (författare)
  • Segmented Labor Markets and Unemployment
  • 1990
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper suggests various alternatives to the Harris-Todaro theory in explaining unemployment in segmented labor markets. We focus on a labor market with a perfectly competitive secondary sector and an imperfectly competitive primary sector, the latter combining salient features of the efficiency wage, insider-outsider, and bargaining theories of employment and wage formation. Unemployment and labor market segmentation are explained with reference to heterogeneous preferences, productivities, and endowments amond workers. The responsiveness of unemployment to external shocks is shown to depend crucially on whether the above heterogeneities are exogenously given or whether they are endogenously generated through workers' employment histories.
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69.
  • Lindbeck, Assar, et al. (författare)
  • Sickness Absence and Local Benefit Cultures
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - : Wiley. - 0347-0520 .- 1467-9442. ; 118:1, s. 49-78
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In many countries, sickness absence financed by generous insurance benefits is an important concern in the policy debate. There are strong variations in absence behavior among local geographical areas. Such variations are difficult to explain in terms of observable socioeconomic factors. In this paper, we investigate whether such variations are related to group effects in the form of social interaction among individuals within neighborhoods. Well-known methodological problems arise when trying to answer this question. A special feature of our efforts to deal with these problems is that we adopt several alternative approaches to identify group effects. Our study is based on a rich set of Swedish panel data, and we find indications of group effects in each of our approaches.
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70.
  • Lindbeck, Assar, et al. (författare)
  • Social Norms and Welfare State Dynamics
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Journal of the European Economic Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1542-4766 .- 1542-4774. ; 1:2-3, s. 533-542
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The paper analyses the interaction between economic incentives and work norms in the context of social insurance. If the work norm is endogenous in the sense that it is weaker when the population share of beneficiaries is higher, then voters will choose less generous benefits than otherwise. We also discuss welfare‐state dynamics when there is a time lag in the adjustment of the norm in response to changes in this population share, and show how a temporary shift in the unemployment rate may cause persistence in the number of beneficiaries.
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