| 51. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive ability and scale bias in the contingent valuation method : An analysis of willingness to pay to reduce mortality risk
- 2008
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Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 39:4, s. 481-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates whether or not the scale bias found in contingent valuation (CVM) studies on mortality risk reductions is a result of cognitive constraints among respondents. Scale bias refers to insensitivity and non-near-proportionality of the respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) to the size of the risk reduction. Two hundred Swedish students participated in an experiment in which their cognitive ability was tested before they took part in a CVM-study asking them about their WTP to reduce bus-mortality risk. The results imply that WTP answers from respondents with a higher cognitive ability are less flawed by scale bias
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| 52. |
- Barza, Sorina, et al.
(författare)
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Some multiplicative inequalities for inner products and of the Carlson type
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of inequalities and applications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1025-5834 .- 1029-242X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prove a multiplicative inequality for inner products, which enables us to deduce improvements of inequalities of the Carlson type for complex functions and sequences, and also other known inequalities.
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| 53. |
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| 54. |
- Bergman, Ann, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Travel, availability and work-life balance
- 2008
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Ingår i: Mobility and technology in the workplace. - London : Routledge. - 9780415443463 - 9780203894354 ; , s. 192-208
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 55. |
- Bergström, Jens, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Galling in sheet metal forming
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IDDRG 2008 Conference. - Olofström : Industriellt utvecklingscentrum i Olofström AB. - 9789163329487
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 56. |
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| 57. |
- Bjurulf, Veronica, 1970-
(författare)
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Teknikämnets gestaltningar : En studie av lärares arbete med skolämnet teknik
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis deals with how technology as a school subject is presented to the pupils in the Swedish compulsory school at junior high school level. The main focus is on how teachers work with the subject matter in teaching, which is on the level of the enacted curriculum. The official documents established by the national school authorities, the intended curriculum, and the hidden curriculum are both of special interest in the study. The hidden curriculum refers to possible, but not intended consequences of the enacted curriculum for pupils’ understanding of technology as a school subject. The empirical analysis of the study is based on a narrative analysis on the one hand and the variation theory on the other. The empirical data collection consists of data from: (a) interviews with five teachers and (b) a series of classroom observations, covering an entire section of each teacher’s course of the subject matter. The data from the interviews with these teachers indicated that they understood the concept of technology as human made artefacts aiming to satisfy practical needs. When it came to the understanding of technology as a school subject the teachers differed between understanding the aim of the subject as to: (1) practice craftsmanship, (2) prepare the pupils for future careers as engineers, (3) illustrate science, (4) strengthen girls’ technical self-confidence and (5) get the pupils interested in technology in order to become inventors in the future. The data from the classroom observations indicated that the teaching presented in technology gave the pupils the opportunity to develop three specific capabilities: (1) evaluate and test functionality, (2) be precise and accurate and (3) construct, build and mount. The three capabilities were possible to develop when accomplishing tasks of practical character. Results also indicated that technology as a school subject was taught in different ways depending on the teachers’ educational background, the physical learning environment and the size of the school class. Variation theory was applied as a tool in the analysis of the data from the classroom observations, i.e. the teachers’ ways of working with the subject matter. The analysis indicated that the most frequently used pattern of variation was ‘contrast’. Through the contrast-variation the teachers managed to contrast better or worse alternatives of constructing and using artefacts. It can be argued that this pattern of variation, ‘contrast’, is the proper pattern when pupils are working with limited or expensive material. The overall conclusion of the study is that teachers’ interpretations of current intended curriculum and their choices of subject matter and teaching methods affect which abilities the pupils are offered to develop in technology as a school subject. Based on the results of the study it can be argued that the education and the teaching of technology lacks realism and the result is that technology as a school subject may be experienced by pupils as not very important. It is obvious that the school subject technology, as well as teaching in technology, in the Swedish compulsory school, demands more attention from the national school authorities, in order to develop the pupils’ understanding that technology as a subject is related to the future development of society and social welfare.
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| 58. |
- Björnsson, Jonas, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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On small tension p-branes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 662:3, s. 270-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 59. |
- Bohlin, Christina
(författare)
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In vitro and in vivo oxidation of diastereomers of lignin models of arylgylcerol b-aryl ether type and heterologous expression of laccase
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Enzymic and non-enzymic oxidation of lignin models of the arylglycerol β-aryl ether type was investigated in experiments aimed at providing a better understanding of the initial phase of biological lignin degradation. Product profiles and diasteromer selectivity were determined to gain knowledge of the properties of the oxidants and pave the way for evaluation of the presence of the oxidants in ligninolytic fungal cultures. Diastereomers of the non-phenolic lignin model 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-propanediol (1) were oxidized in vitro with lignin peroxidase (LP), laccase-mediator systems, Fenton's reagent, cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) and lead(IV) tetraacetate. The product profiles were found to be distinctive for the different oxidants, except for LP and CAN, which generated the same products in similar proportions. The reactions resulted in preferential degradation of the threo isomer, except for the Fenton's reagent reaction, which showed no stereo-preference, and the laccase reaction mediated by ABTS, which preferentially degraded the erythro isomer. Cultures of the white-rot fungi Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium preferentially degraded the threo isomer of 1. This is not in agreement with the action of Fenton's reagent, since this oxidant does not exhibit any stereo-preference. Laccase from T. versicolor was expressed in Pichia pastoris and Aspergillus niger. Production of catalytically active T. versicolor laccase was achieved in both P. pastoris and A. niger using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoters. The level of laccase activity obtained with P. pastoris was significantly lower than that obtained with A. niger, but speed and convenience make the P. pastoris system attractive for screening purposes. A. niger produced high yields of heterologous laccase with properties similar to those of the native enzyme. A method was devised to purify laccase from cultures of A. niger. The method gave a 250-fold purification and a yield of >50%.
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| 60. |
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